Chapter 3 discusses CMOS inverters, including a schematic diagram and voltage transfer characteristics (VTC). The inverter is fundamental to digital design, simplifying the creation of complex structures like NAND gates and microprocessors. The operation involves PMOS and NMOS transistors, where NMOS pulls the output low when the input is high, and PMOS pulls the output high when the input is low.

1. Chapter 3
( CMOS Inverter )
I. MOHD HAFIZI BIN SARI (07DEE15F2013)
II. JAMIL BIN LUURAN (07DEE15F2014)

2. a) Draw a schematic diagram of an inverter.
Question 4

3. b) Voltage Transfer Characteristics (VTC) is a plot of output voltage as a
function of the input voltage. Draw and label the VTC of a CMOS inverter.

4. c) The inverter is really the nucleus of all digital design. Once its operation and properties are clearly
understood, designing more intricate structures such as NAND gates, address, multipliers, and
microprocessors is greatly simplified. Therefore, interpret the properties of static CMOS inverter
circuit.
• In CMOS, we use two transistors PMOS and NMOS.
• Now lets see how they are related to “PULL UP” and “PULL
DOWN”
• PULL UP is something that pulls the output up from ground or
“output has been pulled up to source voltage“
• PULL DOWN is that pulls the output down to ground or
“output is pulled down to ground“
• In CMOS, when the input is high, NMOS gets ON and pulls
down the output to ground(i.e., output becomes low).
• Whereas, when the input voltage is low, PMOS gets ON and
pulls the output up from the ground (i.e., output becomes
high).
• Whereas, when the input voltage is low, PMOS gets ON and
pulls the output up from the ground (i.e., output becomes
high).

5. PULL DOWN

6. PULL UP