Deafness
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defness is also known as the loss of hearing of the ear and this is a chronic condition which need proper treatment as if cannot be detected early it can cause serious problem of hearing loss so knowledge of this condition can be useful for making differential diagnosis and proper treatment of the patient for the nursing students bsc and gnm and also can be used for their learning understanding and for their exam too
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Ototoxicity
Ototoxicity refers to ear poisoning caused by exposure to certain drugs or chemicals that damage the inner ear or auditory nerve. Common causes of ototoxicity include aminoglycoside antibiotics, loop diuretics, anti-malarials, and some cancer drugs. Symptoms range from mild tinnitus to total hearing loss. Diagnosis involves evaluating a patient's history of ototoxin exposure and conducting tests like electrocochleography and electronystagmography. Management focuses on discontinuing the ototoxic drug, treating any hearing or balance problems, and limiting future use of ototoxic medications.
Mastoiditis
This document discusses mastoiditis, an inflammation of the mastoid process behind the ear that is connected to the middle ear. It can be acute or chronic. Acute mastoiditis is a complication of acute otitis media, while chronic mastoiditis is associated with chronic suppurative otitis media or cholesteatoma. Signs and symptoms include ear pain, swelling, discharge, and hearing loss. Diagnosis involves examination, imaging tests, and fluid culture. Treatment includes antibiotics, ear irrigation, analgesics, and sometimes surgery like mastoidectomy, myringotomy, or tympanoplasty. Nursing care focuses on pain management, medication administration, and monitoring for infection.
Meniere's disease
meniere disease is the inner ear condition which affect the patient haring and balance this ppt can help the nurses to take care of the patient affected with this disease and can be used as a study material for their examination
Labrinthitis
Labyrinthitis is an inflammation or infection of the inner ear labyrinth that can be caused by viral or bacterial pathogens. It leads to symptoms like vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and nausea. Diagnosis involves taking a medical history, physical examination, and audiogram. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms like vertigo and nausea with medications. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections while antiviral drugs may be used for viral causes. Nursing care aims to help the patient manage symptoms safely and prevent injury during acute vertigo attacks.
Otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is a condition where abnormal bone growth occurs on the stapes in the middle ear, causing it to become fixed and preventing sound vibration transmission. This results in conductive hearing loss. It usually affects both ears and causes progressive hearing loss. It has two classifications - histological (found postmortem) and clinical (three subtypes based on location). The exact cause is unknown but heredity is a factor. Symptoms include hearing loss, dizziness, tinnitus, and vertigo. Diagnostic tests include audiometry and imaging. Treatment options include hearing aids and surgery like stapedectomy or stapedotomy to restore hearing. Complications can include infection, dizziness, or deafness
Impacted wax
Impacted earwax occurs when earwax becomes compressed in the ear canal, blocking it. This can cause symptoms like ear pain, fullness, and hearing loss. People more prone to impacted earwax include those with hairy ear canals, who work in dusty environments, the elderly, and hearing aid users. Impacted earwax is typically treated first with ear drops to soften the wax, and then removal either on its own or with irrigation. Nursing care involves examining the ears, assessing any impaction, educating on prevention of insertion of objects in the ear, and examining high-risk groups like the elderly.
Otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is a condition where abnormal bone growth occurs in the middle ear, usually affecting both ears. This causes the stapes bone to become fixed, preventing sound vibrations from being transmitted effectively and resulting in conductive hearing loss. It is classified based on histological and clinical presentations. Diagnosis involves tests like audiometry and imaging. Treatment options range from hearing aids for mild cases to stapedectomy surgery to restore hearing by replacing or drilling the stapes bone.
tympanic membrane perforation.pdf
A ruptured eardrum, or tympanic membrane perforation, is a hole or tear in the thin tissue separating the ear canal from the middle ear. Common causes include middle ear infections, loud noises, foreign objects in the ear, head trauma, and pressure changes from air travel. Symptoms may include ear pain, drainage from the ear, hearing loss, ringing in the ear, vertigo, and nausea. Diagnosis involves examining the ear with an otoscope and performing tests like audiometry and tympanometry. Treatment consists of identifying the underlying cause, using antibiotics for infections, and sometimes surgically repairing the perforation through myringoplasty.
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Ototoxicity
Ototoxicity refers to ear poisoning caused by exposure to certain drugs or chemicals that damage the inner ear or auditory nerve. Common causes of ototoxicity include aminoglycoside antibiotics, loop diuretics, anti-malarials, and some cancer drugs. Symptoms range from mild tinnitus to total hearing loss. Diagnosis involves evaluating a patient's history of ototoxin exposure and conducting tests like electrocochleography and electronystagmography. Management focuses on discontinuing the ototoxic drug, treating any hearing or balance problems, and limiting future use of ototoxic medications.
Mastoiditis
This document discusses mastoiditis, an inflammation of the mastoid process behind the ear that is connected to the middle ear. It can be acute or chronic. Acute mastoiditis is a complication of acute otitis media, while chronic mastoiditis is associated with chronic suppurative otitis media or cholesteatoma. Signs and symptoms include ear pain, swelling, discharge, and hearing loss. Diagnosis involves examination, imaging tests, and fluid culture. Treatment includes antibiotics, ear irrigation, analgesics, and sometimes surgery like mastoidectomy, myringotomy, or tympanoplasty. Nursing care focuses on pain management, medication administration, and monitoring for infection.
Meniere's disease
meniere disease is the inner ear condition which affect the patient haring and balance this ppt can help the nurses to take care of the patient affected with this disease and can be used as a study material for their examination
Labrinthitis
Labyrinthitis is an inflammation or infection of the inner ear labyrinth that can be caused by viral or bacterial pathogens. It leads to symptoms like vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and nausea. Diagnosis involves taking a medical history, physical examination, and audiogram. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms like vertigo and nausea with medications. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections while antiviral drugs may be used for viral causes. Nursing care aims to help the patient manage symptoms safely and prevent injury during acute vertigo attacks.
Otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is a condition where abnormal bone growth occurs on the stapes in the middle ear, causing it to become fixed and preventing sound vibration transmission. This results in conductive hearing loss. It usually affects both ears and causes progressive hearing loss. It has two classifications - histological (found postmortem) and clinical (three subtypes based on location). The exact cause is unknown but heredity is a factor. Symptoms include hearing loss, dizziness, tinnitus, and vertigo. Diagnostic tests include audiometry and imaging. Treatment options include hearing aids and surgery like stapedectomy or stapedotomy to restore hearing. Complications can include infection, dizziness, or deafness
Impacted wax
Impacted earwax occurs when earwax becomes compressed in the ear canal, blocking it. This can cause symptoms like ear pain, fullness, and hearing loss. People more prone to impacted earwax include those with hairy ear canals, who work in dusty environments, the elderly, and hearing aid users. Impacted earwax is typically treated first with ear drops to soften the wax, and then removal either on its own or with irrigation. Nursing care involves examining the ears, assessing any impaction, educating on prevention of insertion of objects in the ear, and examining high-risk groups like the elderly.
Otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is a condition where abnormal bone growth occurs in the middle ear, usually affecting both ears. This causes the stapes bone to become fixed, preventing sound vibrations from being transmitted effectively and resulting in conductive hearing loss. It is classified based on histological and clinical presentations. Diagnosis involves tests like audiometry and imaging. Treatment options range from hearing aids for mild cases to stapedectomy surgery to restore hearing by replacing or drilling the stapes bone.
tympanic membrane perforation.pdf
A ruptured eardrum, or tympanic membrane perforation, is a hole or tear in the thin tissue separating the ear canal from the middle ear. Common causes include middle ear infections, loud noises, foreign objects in the ear, head trauma, and pressure changes from air travel. Symptoms may include ear pain, drainage from the ear, hearing loss, ringing in the ear, vertigo, and nausea. Diagnosis involves examining the ear with an otoscope and performing tests like audiometry and tympanometry. Treatment consists of identifying the underlying cause, using antibiotics for infections, and sometimes surgically repairing the perforation through myringoplasty.
Labyrinthitis
Labyrinthitis is inflammation of the inner ear that can cause vertigo, hearing loss, and nausea. It is often caused by a middle ear infection spreading to the inner ear. The inner ear contains semi-circular canals for balance and the cochlea for hearing. Labyrinthitis can be circumscribed, diffuse serous, or diffuse suppurative depending on the extent and presence of pus. Treatment involves antibiotics, antihistamines, or steroids depending on the cause. Surgery may be needed for complications like cholesteatoma.
Ototoxicity
This document defines ototoxicity as ear poisoning caused by exposure to drugs or chemicals that damage the inner ear and vestibulocochlear nerve. It lists various drugs and chemicals that can cause ototoxicity, including quinine, salicylates, aminoglycosides, loop diuretics, antiepileptics, and betablockers. Signs of ototoxicity include tinnitus, imbalance, vertigo, and hearing loss. Diagnosis involves a health history, physical exam, electrocochleography, and electronystagmography. Management focuses on limiting ototoxic drugs, periodic exams, hearing aids, vestibular exercises, and treating underlying causes.
Tympanic membrane perforation
This document discusses tympanic membrane perforation, which is a rupture of the eardrum. It can be caused by ear infections, trauma, or foreign objects in the ear canal. Symptoms include ear pain, bleeding, hearing loss, and drainage from the ear. Diagnosis involves examination of the ear. Small perforations may heal on their own with antibiotics and pain medication, while larger perforations require surgery like myringoplasty or tympanoplasty to repair the eardrum. Post-operative care involves keeping the ear dry and avoiding heavy lifting or air pressure changes for a few weeks.
Meniere's disease
Meniere's disease is a balance disorder caused by abnormal fluid balance in the inner ear. It is characterized by episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, and fluctuating hearing loss. The cause is unknown but may involve excess fluid accumulation in the inner ear. Treatment involves managing symptoms with medication and a low-sodium diet. If conservative measures fail, surgical procedures like endolymphatic sac decompression or vestibular nerve sectioning can be performed to eliminate vertigo attacks.
Meniere’s disease
Meniere's disease is a disorder of the inner ear that causes episodes of vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus. It was first described by Prosper Meniere in 1861. The cause is unknown but risk factors include metabolic, toxic, allergic, emotional, and circulatory disorders. Symptoms include vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, fullness, nausea, increased heart rate, and sweating. Diagnosis involves history, exams of the ear, and tests like audiograms and ENG. Treatment aims to control vertigo and tinnitus and preserve hearing using medications, diet changes, exercises, and sometimes surgery. Complications include permanent hearing or balance issues, anxiety, dehydration
LARYNGEAL OBSTRUCTION.
This document discusses laryngeal obstruction, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It begins by outlining the main etiological factors that can cause laryngeal obstruction, such as allergic reactions, upper airway infections, foreign bodies, throat debris, and peritonsillar abscesses. It then describes the pathophysiology of how these factors can lead to swelling and obstruction of the larynx. The clinical manifestations are listed as agitation, headache, fatigue, breathing difficulty, and changes in consciousness. Investigations may include health history, physical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies like X-rays, MRI, or CT scans. Treatment involves both medical and surgical management, with medical management focusing on identifying causes,
Laryngeal obstruction
The document discusses laryngeal edema, which is swelling of the laryngeal mucous membranes that can close off the airway opening and cause life-threatening hypoxia or suffocation. Some causes of laryngeal edema include hereditary factors, valve disorders, and thoracic surgery. Clinical features include hoarseness, dyspnea, aspiration, neck swelling, inability to speak, and cough. Management involves maintaining the airway, avoiding irritants, establishing ventilation, administering oxygen and corticosteroids, and potentially performing an emergency tracheostomy.
Otitis media
Otitis media is an infection and inflammation of the middle ear that most commonly affects children under 15 years old. It can be acute, chronic, or serous. Acute suppurative otitis media is a bacterial infection of the middle ear causing pain, fever, and fluid buildup lasting less than 6 weeks. Chronic suppurative otitis media results from repeated infections causing permanent perforation of the eardrum and involves the middle ear and mastoid bones. Diagnosis involves examination of the ear drum and testing hearing and eardrum mobility. Treatment includes antibiotics, analgesics, and sometimes surgery to drain fluid or reconstruct ear structures.
Foreign bodies in the ear
The document discusses foreign bodies in the ear, including common causes and materials like cotton buds, beans, nuts, beads, and batteries. Symptoms of a foreign body in the ear include ear fullness, hearing problems, itching, pain, fever, drainage and buzzing if it is an insect. Diagnosis involves history, exam, and otoscopy. Treatment depends on the object but may involve irrigation, suction, instruments or surgery to remove it, along with antibiotics or other medications. Complications can include infections, bleeding or perforation of the eardrum if not addressed.
Impacted wax
Earwax buildup, known as impacted earwax, occurs when earwax production exceeds the body's ability to remove it. This can be caused by conditions like swimmer's ear or ear canal injuries. Symptoms include diminished hearing, discomfort, earache, and dizziness. Diagnosis involves a health history, physical exam, and using an otoscope to look in the ear. Impacted earwax is usually treated by softening and loosening the wax with drops before removing it through irrigation or instrumentation with tools like a cerumen hook and scoop.
Anatomy and physiology of ENT
The document describes the anatomy and physiology of the ear, nose, and tongue. It begins by defining the three main parts of the ear - external, middle, and inner ear. It then provides details on the structures within each part, including the pinna, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, cochlea, vestibule and semicircular canals. It further discusses the physiology of sound conduction and disorders like otitis media. Regarding the nose, it outlines the nasal cavity, septum, turbinates and their roles in breathing, air conditioning and smell. Common nasal disorders are also listed. Finally, it details the structures of the tongue such as the pap
Furunculosis
This document discusses furunculosis, a localized infection of the external auditory canal caused by infection of a hair follicle. It presents risk factors like allergies and diabetes, signs and symptoms of pain and discharge, and management through topical and oral antibiotics as well as incision and drainage if an abscess forms. Without treatment, the infection can spread and cause scarring of the ear canal. Patient education focuses on warm compresses and hand washing to prevent spread.
Otitis media
1. Otitis media is inflammation of the middle ear that can involve surrounding areas. It is commonly seen in children and caused by infections that spread from nearby areas like the throat.
2. The condition progresses through stages from initial congestion to collection of fluid/pus in the middle ear. Without treatment, the ear drum may rupture, allowing drainage of pus from the ear.
3. Treatment involves antibiotics and drainage procedures. Chronic or recurring cases may require surgery to repair damaged tissues and prevent complications like infection of the mastoid bone behind the ear.
Labyrinthitis
Labyrinthitis is inflammation of the inner ear labyrinth that can be caused by viral or bacterial infections, drugs, head injuries, or other conditions. It produces vestibular symptoms like vertigo and nausea as well as hearing loss. The infection can spread from the meninges, middle ear, or bloodstream. Bacterial labyrinthitis has toxic or suppurative forms, with the latter invading the inner ear directly. Diagnosis involves a history of ear problems and dizziness as well as physical exams and tests. Treatment focuses on relieving vertigo and nausea with drugs while antibiotics target bacterial causes. Surgery may be needed in severe cases. Complications can include meningitis, permanent balance issues
Hearing aids
Hearing aids and implanted hearing devices were discussed. Hearing aids have components like a microphone, amplifier, and receiver, and come in styles like behind-the-ear, in-the-ear, and in-the-canal. Implanted devices include cochlear implants, which have external and internal components and stimulate the auditory nerve, bone conduction devices that transmit sound through the skull, and semi-implantable middle ear implants. Care and maintenance of hearing aids and the types of implanted hearing loss each device addresses were also summarized.
TUMORS OF EAR
Tumors of ear including external canal, auricle, middle canal (GLOMUS TUMOR), inner ear ( ACOUSTIC NEUROMA).
Description includes definition, etiological factors, clinical menifestations and management including medical management, surgical management and nursing management.
Otalgia
This document discusses otalgia, or ear pain. It defines otalgia and divides it into two main types: primary otalgia, which originates within the ear, and referred otalgia, which originates elsewhere but is felt in the ear. For primary otalgia, common causes include external otitis, otitis media, and mastoiditis. Referred otalgia can be caused by issues in the teeth, jaw, sinuses, or throat. The document outlines risk factors, clinical manifestations, management including medications and surgery, and post-surgical precautions.
Impacted wax
This document discusses impacted ear wax. It defines impacted wax as an excess collection of thick ear wax. Symptoms of impacted wax include diminished hearing of sudden onset, discomfort without pain usually, and occasionally tinnitus. Treatment options include using ear drops containing ceruminolytics for 4-5 days before syringing or using a wax hook to remove it. Self-care options are using ear drops to soften wax or olive oil warmed on a spoon. Ear irrigation can help hearing for those with impacted wax if done at low pressure, but should be avoided if the eardrum is perforated or in cases of mastoid surgery, chronic ear disease, unilateral deafness, or recurrent ear infections/tinnitus
Peritonsillar abscess
This document discusses peritonsillar abscess, which is a collection of pus between the tonsillar capsule and surrounding tissues that can develop after a tonsillar infection progresses to a local cellulitis and abscess. Recurrent tonsillitis and foreign bodies can cause peritonsillar abscess. Symptoms include fever, pain when swallowing, dribbling saliva, inability to open the mouth, and tender swollen lymph nodes. Diagnosis involves a physical exam and imaging tests. Treatment consists of antibiotics, corticosteroids, throat irrigation, and occasionally procedures to manage an airway if obstruction occurs. Surgical options for management include needle aspiration, incision and drainage, or tonsillectomy. Comp
Tumours of Ear
Tumours of the ear can arise in the external ear, middle ear, and inner ear. Benign tumours of the external ear include sebaceous cysts, dermoid cysts, haemangiomas, and papillomas. Malignant tumours include basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Glomus tumours are the most common benign tumour of the middle ear, arising from glomus bodies. Malignant tumours of the middle ear may be primary carcinomas or sarcomas or may spread secondarily from other sites. Tumours are diagnosed using imaging such as CT or MRI and treated with surgery, radiation, or embolization depending on the type and extent of disease.
Deafness
Hearing is one of our primary modes of communication. 360 million people worldwide have disabling hearing loss.
Hearing loss may result from genetic causes, complications at birth, certain infectious diseases, chronic ear infections, the use of particular drugs, exposure to excessive noise and ageing.
Hearing loss may be mild, moderate, severe or profound.
It can affect one ear or both ears, and leads to difficulty in hearing conversational speech or loud sounds. it may occur in one or both ear.
CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS (CHL)
SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS (SHL)
MIXED HEARING LOSS (MHL)
deafness-200811064735.pdf
This document discusses deafness and hearing loss. It defines types of hearing loss such as conductive, sensorineural, and mixed. It outlines causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic tests including Rinne's test and Weber's test, prevention, and management including hearing aids, cochlear implants, aural rehabilitation, and surgery. Nursing care focuses on assessing hearing ability, effective communication strategies, introducing assistive devices, and allowing patients to process their emotions regarding hearing loss.
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Labyrinthitis
Labyrinthitis is inflammation of the inner ear that can cause vertigo, hearing loss, and nausea. It is often caused by a middle ear infection spreading to the inner ear. The inner ear contains semi-circular canals for balance and the cochlea for hearing. Labyrinthitis can be circumscribed, diffuse serous, or diffuse suppurative depending on the extent and presence of pus. Treatment involves antibiotics, antihistamines, or steroids depending on the cause. Surgery may be needed for complications like cholesteatoma.
Ototoxicity
This document defines ototoxicity as ear poisoning caused by exposure to drugs or chemicals that damage the inner ear and vestibulocochlear nerve. It lists various drugs and chemicals that can cause ototoxicity, including quinine, salicylates, aminoglycosides, loop diuretics, antiepileptics, and betablockers. Signs of ototoxicity include tinnitus, imbalance, vertigo, and hearing loss. Diagnosis involves a health history, physical exam, electrocochleography, and electronystagmography. Management focuses on limiting ototoxic drugs, periodic exams, hearing aids, vestibular exercises, and treating underlying causes.
Tympanic membrane perforation
This document discusses tympanic membrane perforation, which is a rupture of the eardrum. It can be caused by ear infections, trauma, or foreign objects in the ear canal. Symptoms include ear pain, bleeding, hearing loss, and drainage from the ear. Diagnosis involves examination of the ear. Small perforations may heal on their own with antibiotics and pain medication, while larger perforations require surgery like myringoplasty or tympanoplasty to repair the eardrum. Post-operative care involves keeping the ear dry and avoiding heavy lifting or air pressure changes for a few weeks.
Meniere's disease
Meniere's disease is a balance disorder caused by abnormal fluid balance in the inner ear. It is characterized by episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, and fluctuating hearing loss. The cause is unknown but may involve excess fluid accumulation in the inner ear. Treatment involves managing symptoms with medication and a low-sodium diet. If conservative measures fail, surgical procedures like endolymphatic sac decompression or vestibular nerve sectioning can be performed to eliminate vertigo attacks.
Meniere’s disease
Meniere's disease is a disorder of the inner ear that causes episodes of vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus. It was first described by Prosper Meniere in 1861. The cause is unknown but risk factors include metabolic, toxic, allergic, emotional, and circulatory disorders. Symptoms include vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, fullness, nausea, increased heart rate, and sweating. Diagnosis involves history, exams of the ear, and tests like audiograms and ENG. Treatment aims to control vertigo and tinnitus and preserve hearing using medications, diet changes, exercises, and sometimes surgery. Complications include permanent hearing or balance issues, anxiety, dehydration
LARYNGEAL OBSTRUCTION.
This document discusses laryngeal obstruction, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It begins by outlining the main etiological factors that can cause laryngeal obstruction, such as allergic reactions, upper airway infections, foreign bodies, throat debris, and peritonsillar abscesses. It then describes the pathophysiology of how these factors can lead to swelling and obstruction of the larynx. The clinical manifestations are listed as agitation, headache, fatigue, breathing difficulty, and changes in consciousness. Investigations may include health history, physical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies like X-rays, MRI, or CT scans. Treatment involves both medical and surgical management, with medical management focusing on identifying causes,
Laryngeal obstruction
The document discusses laryngeal edema, which is swelling of the laryngeal mucous membranes that can close off the airway opening and cause life-threatening hypoxia or suffocation. Some causes of laryngeal edema include hereditary factors, valve disorders, and thoracic surgery. Clinical features include hoarseness, dyspnea, aspiration, neck swelling, inability to speak, and cough. Management involves maintaining the airway, avoiding irritants, establishing ventilation, administering oxygen and corticosteroids, and potentially performing an emergency tracheostomy.
Otitis media
Otitis media is an infection and inflammation of the middle ear that most commonly affects children under 15 years old. It can be acute, chronic, or serous. Acute suppurative otitis media is a bacterial infection of the middle ear causing pain, fever, and fluid buildup lasting less than 6 weeks. Chronic suppurative otitis media results from repeated infections causing permanent perforation of the eardrum and involves the middle ear and mastoid bones. Diagnosis involves examination of the ear drum and testing hearing and eardrum mobility. Treatment includes antibiotics, analgesics, and sometimes surgery to drain fluid or reconstruct ear structures.
Foreign bodies in the ear
The document discusses foreign bodies in the ear, including common causes and materials like cotton buds, beans, nuts, beads, and batteries. Symptoms of a foreign body in the ear include ear fullness, hearing problems, itching, pain, fever, drainage and buzzing if it is an insect. Diagnosis involves history, exam, and otoscopy. Treatment depends on the object but may involve irrigation, suction, instruments or surgery to remove it, along with antibiotics or other medications. Complications can include infections, bleeding or perforation of the eardrum if not addressed.
Impacted wax
Earwax buildup, known as impacted earwax, occurs when earwax production exceeds the body's ability to remove it. This can be caused by conditions like swimmer's ear or ear canal injuries. Symptoms include diminished hearing, discomfort, earache, and dizziness. Diagnosis involves a health history, physical exam, and using an otoscope to look in the ear. Impacted earwax is usually treated by softening and loosening the wax with drops before removing it through irrigation or instrumentation with tools like a cerumen hook and scoop.
Anatomy and physiology of ENT
The document describes the anatomy and physiology of the ear, nose, and tongue. It begins by defining the three main parts of the ear - external, middle, and inner ear. It then provides details on the structures within each part, including the pinna, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, cochlea, vestibule and semicircular canals. It further discusses the physiology of sound conduction and disorders like otitis media. Regarding the nose, it outlines the nasal cavity, septum, turbinates and their roles in breathing, air conditioning and smell. Common nasal disorders are also listed. Finally, it details the structures of the tongue such as the pap
Furunculosis
This document discusses furunculosis, a localized infection of the external auditory canal caused by infection of a hair follicle. It presents risk factors like allergies and diabetes, signs and symptoms of pain and discharge, and management through topical and oral antibiotics as well as incision and drainage if an abscess forms. Without treatment, the infection can spread and cause scarring of the ear canal. Patient education focuses on warm compresses and hand washing to prevent spread.
Otitis media
1. Otitis media is inflammation of the middle ear that can involve surrounding areas. It is commonly seen in children and caused by infections that spread from nearby areas like the throat.
2. The condition progresses through stages from initial congestion to collection of fluid/pus in the middle ear. Without treatment, the ear drum may rupture, allowing drainage of pus from the ear.
3. Treatment involves antibiotics and drainage procedures. Chronic or recurring cases may require surgery to repair damaged tissues and prevent complications like infection of the mastoid bone behind the ear.
Labyrinthitis
Labyrinthitis is inflammation of the inner ear labyrinth that can be caused by viral or bacterial infections, drugs, head injuries, or other conditions. It produces vestibular symptoms like vertigo and nausea as well as hearing loss. The infection can spread from the meninges, middle ear, or bloodstream. Bacterial labyrinthitis has toxic or suppurative forms, with the latter invading the inner ear directly. Diagnosis involves a history of ear problems and dizziness as well as physical exams and tests. Treatment focuses on relieving vertigo and nausea with drugs while antibiotics target bacterial causes. Surgery may be needed in severe cases. Complications can include meningitis, permanent balance issues
Hearing aids
Hearing aids and implanted hearing devices were discussed. Hearing aids have components like a microphone, amplifier, and receiver, and come in styles like behind-the-ear, in-the-ear, and in-the-canal. Implanted devices include cochlear implants, which have external and internal components and stimulate the auditory nerve, bone conduction devices that transmit sound through the skull, and semi-implantable middle ear implants. Care and maintenance of hearing aids and the types of implanted hearing loss each device addresses were also summarized.
TUMORS OF EAR
Tumors of ear including external canal, auricle, middle canal (GLOMUS TUMOR), inner ear ( ACOUSTIC NEUROMA).
Description includes definition, etiological factors, clinical menifestations and management including medical management, surgical management and nursing management.
Otalgia
This document discusses otalgia, or ear pain. It defines otalgia and divides it into two main types: primary otalgia, which originates within the ear, and referred otalgia, which originates elsewhere but is felt in the ear. For primary otalgia, common causes include external otitis, otitis media, and mastoiditis. Referred otalgia can be caused by issues in the teeth, jaw, sinuses, or throat. The document outlines risk factors, clinical manifestations, management including medications and surgery, and post-surgical precautions.
Impacted wax
This document discusses impacted ear wax. It defines impacted wax as an excess collection of thick ear wax. Symptoms of impacted wax include diminished hearing of sudden onset, discomfort without pain usually, and occasionally tinnitus. Treatment options include using ear drops containing ceruminolytics for 4-5 days before syringing or using a wax hook to remove it. Self-care options are using ear drops to soften wax or olive oil warmed on a spoon. Ear irrigation can help hearing for those with impacted wax if done at low pressure, but should be avoided if the eardrum is perforated or in cases of mastoid surgery, chronic ear disease, unilateral deafness, or recurrent ear infections/tinnitus
Peritonsillar abscess
This document discusses peritonsillar abscess, which is a collection of pus between the tonsillar capsule and surrounding tissues that can develop after a tonsillar infection progresses to a local cellulitis and abscess. Recurrent tonsillitis and foreign bodies can cause peritonsillar abscess. Symptoms include fever, pain when swallowing, dribbling saliva, inability to open the mouth, and tender swollen lymph nodes. Diagnosis involves a physical exam and imaging tests. Treatment consists of antibiotics, corticosteroids, throat irrigation, and occasionally procedures to manage an airway if obstruction occurs. Surgical options for management include needle aspiration, incision and drainage, or tonsillectomy. Comp
Tumours of Ear
Tumours of the ear can arise in the external ear, middle ear, and inner ear. Benign tumours of the external ear include sebaceous cysts, dermoid cysts, haemangiomas, and papillomas. Malignant tumours include basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Glomus tumours are the most common benign tumour of the middle ear, arising from glomus bodies. Malignant tumours of the middle ear may be primary carcinomas or sarcomas or may spread secondarily from other sites. Tumours are diagnosed using imaging such as CT or MRI and treated with surgery, radiation, or embolization depending on the type and extent of disease.
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Deafness
Hearing is one of our primary modes of communication. 360 million people worldwide have disabling hearing loss.
Hearing loss may result from genetic causes, complications at birth, certain infectious diseases, chronic ear infections, the use of particular drugs, exposure to excessive noise and ageing.
Hearing loss may be mild, moderate, severe or profound.
It can affect one ear or both ears, and leads to difficulty in hearing conversational speech or loud sounds. it may occur in one or both ear.
CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS (CHL)
SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS (SHL)
MIXED HEARING LOSS (MHL)
deafness-200811064735.pdf
This document discusses deafness and hearing loss. It defines types of hearing loss such as conductive, sensorineural, and mixed. It outlines causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic tests including Rinne's test and Weber's test, prevention, and management including hearing aids, cochlear implants, aural rehabilitation, and surgery. Nursing care focuses on assessing hearing ability, effective communication strategies, introducing assistive devices, and allowing patients to process their emotions regarding hearing loss.
Deafness
This document discusses deafness and hearing loss. It defines types of hearing loss such as conductive, sensorineural, and mixed. It outlines causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic tests including Rinne's test and Weber's test, prevention, and management including hearing aids, cochlear implants, aural rehabilitation, and surgery. Nursing care focuses on assessing hearing ability, effective communication strategies, teaching use of assistive devices, and allowing patients to process their emotions related to hearing loss.
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Csom.dr.bini,03.04.17
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Diseases of ear in animals
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This document defines and discusses several cognitive disorders: vision impairment, hearing impairment, and Down syndrome. It outlines the causes, signs/symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, nursing diagnoses, and interventions for each disorder. Vision impairment can be genetic, caused by infection or disease, trauma, or aging. Diagnosis involves visual acuity and field tests. Treatment includes glasses, contacts, eye drops or surgery. Hearing impairment is congenital or acquired from infection, disease, or injury. Diagnosis for infants uses brainstem response or emissions tests while older children have audiometry. Treatment includes hearing aids, cochlear implants, or surgery. Down syndrome is caused by a third copy of chromosome 21 and involves physical and developmental delays. Diagn
Unit 16; Cognitive or Sensory dysfunctions and Rehabilitation, Educational Pl...
This document defines and discusses several cognitive disorders: vision impairment, hearing impairment, and Down syndrome. It outlines the causes, signs/symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, nursing diagnoses, and interventions for each disorder. Vision impairment can be genetic, caused by infection or disease, birth complications, trauma, or aging. Hearing impairment can be congenital or acquired through infection, ear issues, or head injury. Down syndrome is caused by an extra 21st chromosome and presents with characteristic physical features and some degree of intellectual disability.
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This document discusses hearing loss, including definitions, types, causes, examination, diagnosis, and management. It defines different levels of hearing loss based on decibel thresholds. The main types are conductive, sensorineural, and mixed hearing loss. Sensorineural hearing loss is usually permanent and caused by inner ear or nerve damage. Causes include genetic syndromes, infections, trauma, tumors, ototoxic drugs, aging, and noise exposure. Evaluation involves history, physical exam including Weber and Rinne tests, and audiometry. Imaging and labs may be needed depending on history. Management depends on type, but may include hearing aids, cochlear implants, rehabilitation through lip reading and sign language. Rehabilitation of children focuses
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Deafness
- 1. DEAFNESS DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING
- 2. Learning Objectives At the end of this lecturer, students should be able to: Define deafness • Enlist the types • Enumerate the causes • Describe the management
- 3. OVERVEIW • Hearing is one of our primary modes of communication. 360 million people worldwide have disabling hearing loss. • Hearing loss may result from genetic causes, complications at birth, certain infectious diseases, chronic ear infections, the use of particular drugs, exposure to excessive noise and ageing.
- 4. Definition It means impairment of hearing may vary in severity.
- 5. Risk factors • Family history of sensorineural impairment • Congenital malformations of the cranial structure (ear) • Low birth weight (<1500 gm.) • Use of ototoxic medications (gentamycin and loop diuretics)
- 6. • Recurrent ear infections • Bacterial Meningitis • Chronic exposure to loud noise • Perforation of the tympanic membrane
- 7. TYPES OF DEAFNESS • Conductive deafness - Results from interference of sound transmission through the external ear and middle ear. • A conductive hearing loss can be the result of a blockage in the external ear canal or can be caused by any disorder that unfavorably effects the middle ear's ability to transmit the mechanical energy to the stapes footplate.
- 8. Sensorineural deafness • Sensorineural hearing loss results from inner ear or auditory nerve dysfunction. eighth cranial nerve or the brain.
- 9. CONDUCTIVE DEAFNESS. Common causes: • Chronic suppurative otitis media • Impacted wax, Otitis externa • Impacted foreign body • Traumatic rupture of tympanic membrane • otosclerosis
- 10. • Thickening , retraction, scaring or perforation of tympanic membrane, or any pathologic changes in the middle ear. • Ear obstructions due to foreign bodies and objects.
- 11. SENSORINEURAL DEAFNESS Common causes: • Presbyacusis • Drug induced • Trauma • Acoustic nerve tumor
- 12. CLINICAL MANIFESTAIONS • Most hearing loss gradual and goes unnoticed by the client. until several incident of communication problems have occurred. • Failure to respond to oral communications • In appropriate response to oral communications.
- 13. • Excessively loud speech • Abnormal awareness sounds • Strained facial expression • Constant need for clarification of conversation • Listening to radio or TV at increased volume.
- 14. Diagnostic evaluation • Startle reflex test • Cochleopalpebral reflex • Screening test
- 15. MANAGEMENT The goal of management of the client with hearing loss are 1. To restore hearing 2. To assist hearing 3. To manage tinnitus and implement aural rehabilitation
- 16. Treatment of conducting hearing loss • The treatment of conductive deafness depends upon the cause such patients can be helped by modern microsurgical procedure. • Alternatively a hearing aid can be fitted to overcome the hearing difficulty.
- 17. Treatment • The treatment of such patients is difficult. • Depending upon the degree of deafness, hearing aids are fitted and auditory training given by the speech therapist.
- 18. SUMMARY • So far we have discussed about definition, types, causes and management of deafness
- 19. Bibliography • Lewis et al, Medical Surgical Nursing, Mosby Elsevier,7th edition. • Joyce.M.Black et al, Medical Surgical Nursing, Saunders publication. • Brunner and Siddhartha, Medical Surgical Nursing, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
- 20. Thank you