DBMS Vs TRADITIONAL FILES COMPARISON, DBMS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES, CLASSIC FILE BASED SYSTEM, ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CLASSICAL TECHNIQUE
This presentation deals with the fundamentals of SQL, Installation and Database concepts. Presented by our team in Alphalogic Inc: https://www.alphalogicinc.com/
ESOFT Metro Campus - Diploma in Software Engineering - (Module IV) Database Concepts
(Template - Virtusa Corporate)
Contents:
Introduction to Databases
Data
Information
Database
Database System
Database Applications
Evolution of Databases
Traditional Files Based Systems
Limitations in Traditional Files
The Database Approach
Advantages of Database Approach
Disadvantages of Database Approach
Database Management Systems
DBMS Functions
Database Architecture
ANSI-SPARC 3 Level Architecture
The Relational Data Model
What is a Relation?
Primary Key
Cardinality and Degree
Relationships
Foreign Key
Data Integrity
Data Dictionary
Database Design
Requirements Collection and analysis
Conceptual Design
Logical Design
Physical Design
Entity Relationship Model
A mini-world example
Entities
Relationships
ERD Notations
Cardinality
Optional Participation
Entities and Relationships
Attributes
Entity Relationship Diagram
Entities
ERD Showing Weak Entities
Super Type / Sub Type Relationships
Mapping ERD to Relational
Map Regular Entities
Map Weak Entities
Map Binary Relationships
Map Associated Entities
Map Unary Relationships
Map Ternary Relationships
Map Supertype/Subtype Relationships
Normalization
Advantages of Normalization
Disadvantages of Normalization
Normal Forms
Functional Dependency
Purchase Order Relation in 0NF
Purchase Order Relation in 1NF
Purchase Order Relations in 2NF
Purchase Order Relations in 3NF
Normalized Relations
BCNF – Boyce Codd Normal Form
Structured Query Language
What We Can Do with SQL ?
SQL Commands
SQL CREATE DATABASE
SQL CREATE TABLE
SQL DROP
SQL Constraints
SQL NOT NULL
SQL PRIMARY KEY
SQL CHECK
SQL FOREIGN KEY
SQL ALTER TABLE
SQL INSERT INTO
SQL INSERT INTO SELECT
SQL SELECT
SQL SELECT DISTINCT
SQL WHERE
SQL AND & OR
SQL ORDER BY
SQL UPDATE
SQL DELETE
SQL LIKE
SQL IN
SQL BETWEEN
SQL INNER JOIN
SQL LEFT JOIN
SQL RIGHT JOIN
SQL UNION
SQL AS
SQL Aggregate Functions
SQL Scalar functions
SQL GROUP BY
SQL HAVING
Database Administration
SQL Database Administration
DBMS Vs TRADITIONAL FILES COMPARISON, DBMS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES, CLASSIC FILE BASED SYSTEM, ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CLASSICAL TECHNIQUE
This presentation deals with the fundamentals of SQL, Installation and Database concepts. Presented by our team in Alphalogic Inc: https://www.alphalogicinc.com/
ESOFT Metro Campus - Diploma in Software Engineering - (Module IV) Database Concepts
(Template - Virtusa Corporate)
Contents:
Introduction to Databases
Data
Information
Database
Database System
Database Applications
Evolution of Databases
Traditional Files Based Systems
Limitations in Traditional Files
The Database Approach
Advantages of Database Approach
Disadvantages of Database Approach
Database Management Systems
DBMS Functions
Database Architecture
ANSI-SPARC 3 Level Architecture
The Relational Data Model
What is a Relation?
Primary Key
Cardinality and Degree
Relationships
Foreign Key
Data Integrity
Data Dictionary
Database Design
Requirements Collection and analysis
Conceptual Design
Logical Design
Physical Design
Entity Relationship Model
A mini-world example
Entities
Relationships
ERD Notations
Cardinality
Optional Participation
Entities and Relationships
Attributes
Entity Relationship Diagram
Entities
ERD Showing Weak Entities
Super Type / Sub Type Relationships
Mapping ERD to Relational
Map Regular Entities
Map Weak Entities
Map Binary Relationships
Map Associated Entities
Map Unary Relationships
Map Ternary Relationships
Map Supertype/Subtype Relationships
Normalization
Advantages of Normalization
Disadvantages of Normalization
Normal Forms
Functional Dependency
Purchase Order Relation in 0NF
Purchase Order Relation in 1NF
Purchase Order Relations in 2NF
Purchase Order Relations in 3NF
Normalized Relations
BCNF – Boyce Codd Normal Form
Structured Query Language
What We Can Do with SQL ?
SQL Commands
SQL CREATE DATABASE
SQL CREATE TABLE
SQL DROP
SQL Constraints
SQL NOT NULL
SQL PRIMARY KEY
SQL CHECK
SQL FOREIGN KEY
SQL ALTER TABLE
SQL INSERT INTO
SQL INSERT INTO SELECT
SQL SELECT
SQL SELECT DISTINCT
SQL WHERE
SQL AND & OR
SQL ORDER BY
SQL UPDATE
SQL DELETE
SQL LIKE
SQL IN
SQL BETWEEN
SQL INNER JOIN
SQL LEFT JOIN
SQL RIGHT JOIN
SQL UNION
SQL AS
SQL Aggregate Functions
SQL Scalar functions
SQL GROUP BY
SQL HAVING
Database Administration
SQL Database Administration
It includes:
Introduction to Database Management System
DBMS vs File System
View of data
Data models
Database Languages: DML, DDL
Database users and administrators
Transaction Management
Database System Structure
Application architectures
ETL stands for extract, transform, and load and is a traditionally accepted way for organizations to combine data from multiple systems into a single database, data store, data warehouse, or data lake.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
6. ACID Committed data are saved by the DBMS so that, in the event of a failure and system recovery, these data are available in their correct state Durability A transaction in process and not yet committed must remain isolated from any other transaction Isolation A transaction either creates a valid new database state, or, if any failure occurs, the transaction manager returns the database to its prior state Consistency If a transaction has two or more discrete pieces of information, either all of the pieces are committed or none are Atomicity
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10. Database update process D a t a b a s e ( s t a t e 1 ) D a t a b a s e ( s t a t e 2 ) D a t a b a s e ( s t a t e 3 ) D a t a b a s e ( s t a t e 4 ) D a t a b a s e ( s t a t e 2 ) U p d a t e t r a n s a c t i o n A U p d a t e t r a n s a c t i o n B U p d a t e t r a n s a c t i o n C
11. Backup options Transaction log or journal Transactions that caused a change in the state of the database Before image log or journal After image log or journal Changes to the database Database backup Past states of the database (also known as database dumps) Dual recording of data (mirroring) Complete copy of database Action Objective
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14. Data recovery * preferred strategy *Backward recovery Reprocess transactions (Excluding those from the update program that created incorrect data) Incorrect data detected (database has been incorrectly updated) *Backward recovery Forward recovery or reprocess transactions—bring forward to the state just before termination of the transaction Abnormal termination of an update transaction (transaction error or system failure) *Switch to duplicate database—this can be transparent with RAID Forward recovery Reprocess transactions Storage medium destruction (database is unreadable) Recovery Procedures Problem
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18. Integrity constraints Supplier number is unique. Indicating whether stored values for this data item must be unique (unique compared to other values of the item within the same table or record type). The unique option is also required for identifiers. UNIQUE Employee number is mandatory. Indicating whether the data item value is mandatory (not null) or optional. The not null option is required for primary keys. NOT NULL (MANDATORY) If item type is ‘Y’, then color is null. Providing one or more conditions to apply against data values. CONDITIONAL A delivery must have valid itemname, department, and supplier values before it can be added to the database. (Tables are checked for valid entries.) Providing a procedure to be invoked to validate data items. PROCEDURE Department phone number must be of the form 542-nnnn (stands for exactly four decimal digits). Providing a pattern of allowable characters which define permissible formats for data values. PATTERN Employee numbers must be in the range 1-100. Providing one or more ranges within which the data item must fall or must NOT fall. RANGE Item colors must match the list provided. Providing a list of acceptable values for a data item. VALUES Delivery number must be at least 3 digits and at most 5. Defining and validating the minimum and maximum size of a data item. SIZE Supplier number is numeric. Validating a data item value against a specified data type. TYPE Example Explanation Type of constraint
19. Integrity constraints Column stkcode must always be assigned a value of 3 or less alphanumeric characters. stkcode must be unique because it is a primary key. Column natcode must be assigned a value of 3 or less alphanumeric characters and must exist as the primary key of nation. Do not allow the deletion of a row in nation while there still exist rows in stock containing the corresponding value of natcode . CREATE TABLE stock ( stkcode CHAR(3), … , natcode CHAR(3), PRIMARY KEY(stkcode), CONSTRAINT fk_stock_nation FOREIGN KEY (natcode) REFERENCES nation ON DELETE RESRICT); Explanation Example
