Private extension involves agricultural advisory services provided by private sector entities as an alternative to public extension. It aims to reduce the economic burden on governments and increase efficiency. While it may benefit commercial farmers, concerns exist that only commercial farmers and certain technologies would be supported. Different countries have experimented with various private extension models including voucher systems, gradual privatization, and user-pay criteria. In India, private extension is provided through organizations like agricultural consultants, farmers associations, KVKs, cooperatives, NGOs, private firms, mass media, ICT tools, and private banks. Cyber extension uses ICT and online networks to deliver agricultural content remotely, saving time and resources. Important cyber extension tools include email, telnet, FTP

1. Role of privatization
and cyber extension
SUBMITTED BY
Shivani Jha
54196

2. Concept and definition of private extension
• Privatization is defined as the act of reducing role of government or
increasing the role of private sector.
• BLOOM(1993) indicated that ,private extension involves personnel in the
private sector that delivers advisory services in the area of agriculture and is
seen as as alternative to public extension.
• Van den Ban and Hawkins (1996) stated that farmers are expected to share
the responsibility for this service and pay all or part of the cost.

3. Origin of private extension
 Chile was first country to test
• Year 1978
• The debate concerning the role of public sector agricultural extension was
initiated in india in the year 1980s
• It generated momentum in 1990.

4. Advantages of private extension
• Reduces the economic burden of governments
• It increases the efficiency of extension services
• Increases the accountability of extension agents.

5. Disadvantages of private extension
• It may hamper free flow of information
• Farmers may be less interested to disseminate technologies to other farmers
what they have learnt from private extension.
• Only commercial farmers will be benefited.
• Contact between farmers and extension agents gets declined.

6. The experiences of different countries with
regard to private extension
• Voucher systems of Chile and Colombia- Chile has replaced public
extension systems with vouchers distributed by gov. services ,for farmers to
use in hiring private extension consultant.
• Gradual privatization in the Netherlands- In 1990 The Netherlands
privatized approximately one –half of its public extension services by
transferring field extension personnel ,with initial government financial
support ,to farmers associations.

7. France- In France the chambers of agriculture and private sector companies provide
Extension services.
New Zealand- New Zealand’s Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries’ agricultural
advisory service now operates under user-pay, commercial criteria.
Japan- In Japan private extension services can be considered “agricultural consultants”
Denmark – Extension services rendered by Farmer’s organization.

8. Organizations providing private extension in india
1. Agriculture Consultants /Farms- emerged after mid 90s in Tamil Nadu.
Some examples- PAN HORTI-Consultancy firm in Coimbatore, GREEN
PLUS AGRO laboratories and consultancy was established in 1995 in Nasik
District , Maharastra .
2. Farmers Association – Important farmers organizations , commodity
growers association, Farmers interest groups are playing important role in
technogy transfer. Some examples- The Kerala Mushroom Growers
association(KMGA), Maharashtra Grape Growers Association.

9. 3. Krishi Vigyan Kendras- At present there are more than 693KVKs in India , supported
by ICAR. The KVK of Agricultural Development Trust,Pune, Vidya Bhaban KVK, Jaipur
Etc. started charging from training and planting materials are being sold for resource
Generation.
4.Producers Cooperative – Provide the farmers the advantage of economics of scale
Bringing together produce from individual farms and marketing the same.
5. Non Government Organizations - playing important role in agriculture and rural
Development.
6.Private Firm - There are many private companies working as extension agencies.
Examples- Mahindra and Mahindra,Tata,Rallis etc.
7. Mass Media- The All India Radio, Doordharshan, E-TV, “Annadata” programme in
Telugu, Kannada, Marathi ,Bengali, Teja TV in Andra Pradesh telecast agricultural
Programmes regularly.

10. 8.ICT TOOLS
e-Chaupal, Info-village, e-Arik, e-Sagu etc
9. Private sector banks
provide private extension service to rural people.

11. Cyber Extension

12. What is Cyber Extension
• Defined as extension over cyber space.
• Includes effective use of information communication technology, internet,
expert system, multimedia learning system.
• Using the power of online computer networks with the help of
communication channels to deliver the content in the form of text graphics,
audio,video either passively or interactively to facilitate dissemination of
agriculture technology.

13. Need and Significance of Cyber Extension
• Can make agriculture a more remunerative and fruitful occupation by
providing latest information
• Saves time , money and efforts and reduces dependency on so many actors in
the chain of extension
• Eliminate time and distance barriers.
• Add more interactivity and speed.
• Brings new information services to rural areas.

14. Advantages of Cyber Extension
• Will save time , money and effort.
• Will reduce dependency on the Extension Functionaries
• Easier accessibility in rural areas
• Can provide early warning before Natural Disaster.
• Will be continuously available.

15. Important tools of Cyber Extension
• E-mail
• Telnet
• FTP
• Gopher, Archie, Veronica
• Usenet Newsgroup
• World Wide Web

16. E-mail
• Most frequently used Cyber Extension.
• Allows us to send and receive text messages., files etc.
• Maintains privacy.
• Costs same regardless of distance .

17. Telnet
• An application that allows us to log on to a remote computer,
• It is like a terminal emulation programme
• Before the advent of World Wide Web the Telnet sessions were very
common.

18. FTP(File Transfer Protocol)
• Used to send copies of files from one computer to another.
• Responsible for highest percentage of data transfer on Internet.

19. World Wide Web
• Most important tool of cyber extension
• An organization of hypertext documents containing
text,images,animation,sound,video and interactive programs.
• The web is truly world wide.
• The best way to access a website is to know its Uniform Resource
Locator(URL).