Farmer Led Extension is a promising approach wherein farmer leaders were utilized as extensionists to transfer the technologies they learned with a view to boosting up production.
The FLE approach gives farmers the opportunity to share their experiences and practices through a method demonstration with fellow farmers in the area.
Reasons for Group Led Extension
1. Efficiency
2. Effectiveness
3. Collective action
4. Equity
Farm school :
“Farm school is a field where latest technology was demonstrated to progressive and interested farmers who undergo training for a certain period of time. Farm schools help in speedy dissemination and adoption of technologies through training of progressive farmers on the latest production technology.”
KVK (Krishi Vigyan Kendra ) :- Introducation of kvk ,
objectives of kvk ,
mandate and activities of kvk ,
organizational structure of kvk ,
Role and responsibility of the kvk ,
strategies for working in kvk
Market led extension is a paradigm shift from mere production led extension to market ward orientation of the extension system such that with market analysis and market information one continue for market oriented production. It is a tried between Fish Farmer/ Agro Farmer, Extension System and Economics particularly Market.
Pluralistic Agricultural Extension in IndiaRavi Kn
The new extension regime recognise the need for Muti-agency collaboration to combine strengths. Thereby promoting both Public and non-public (private sector, NGOs, FIG/CIG/POs, PPP Models) actors in Extension work to enhance the delivery system in agricultural extension to all type of farmers.
Farmer Led Extension is a promising approach wherein farmer leaders were utilized as extensionists to transfer the technologies they learned with a view to boosting up production.
The FLE approach gives farmers the opportunity to share their experiences and practices through a method demonstration with fellow farmers in the area.
Reasons for Group Led Extension
1. Efficiency
2. Effectiveness
3. Collective action
4. Equity
Farm school :
“Farm school is a field where latest technology was demonstrated to progressive and interested farmers who undergo training for a certain period of time. Farm schools help in speedy dissemination and adoption of technologies through training of progressive farmers on the latest production technology.”
KVK (Krishi Vigyan Kendra ) :- Introducation of kvk ,
objectives of kvk ,
mandate and activities of kvk ,
organizational structure of kvk ,
Role and responsibility of the kvk ,
strategies for working in kvk
Market led extension is a paradigm shift from mere production led extension to market ward orientation of the extension system such that with market analysis and market information one continue for market oriented production. It is a tried between Fish Farmer/ Agro Farmer, Extension System and Economics particularly Market.
Pluralistic Agricultural Extension in IndiaRavi Kn
The new extension regime recognise the need for Muti-agency collaboration to combine strengths. Thereby promoting both Public and non-public (private sector, NGOs, FIG/CIG/POs, PPP Models) actors in Extension work to enhance the delivery system in agricultural extension to all type of farmers.
Digital Agriculture can be defined as ICT and data ecosystems to support the development and delivery of timely, targeted (localized) information and services to make farming profitable and sustainable (socially, economically and environmentally) while delivering safe, nutritious and affordable food for ALL. Rural connectivity will be a key to providing low cost data and access to information. Digital technology will be key to increasing agriculture productivity by delivering tailored recommendations to farmers based on crop, planting date, variety sown; real time localized observed weather and projected market prices. Mobile phones also enable farmers to integrate into structured markets based on approved grades and standards. The greatest impact of Digital agriculture will have is on democratization of market pricing and compressing transaction costs. Digital agriculture will also leverage social media platforms to build human capacity. One of the best examples originating from India is Digital Green.
Presentation by
Mr.C.Thatchinamoorthy
Ph.D. Research Scholar
Department of Agricultural Extension
Faculty of Agriculture
Annamalai University
tmthatchupeaceful@gmail.com
Presentation by
Mr.C.Thatchinamoorthy
Ph.D. Research Scholar
Department of Agricultural Extension
Faculty of Agriculture
Annamalai University
tmthatchupeaceful@gmail.com
ICT in Agriculture, Reasons of Agricultural Information delay in rural India, Need of ICT in Indian Agriculture, Role of ICT in Indian Agriculture, ICT INITIATIVES FOR AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
This slide based on the Tamil Language important to Agriculture development . It is my own essay if you interest read download and using Bamini Tamil Font.
Agriculture has been and continues to be the most important sector in Indian economy. Climate change is one of the most important environmental issues facing the world today. The impact of climate change is a reality and it cuts across all climates sensitive sectors including the Agriculture sector. In this situation this seminar focuses on the climate smart agriculture. CSA brings together practices, policies and institutions that are not necessarily new but are used in the context of climatic changes which is prime requirement in arena of climate change. Farmers possessed low level of knowledge regarding climate change, and they adopted traditional methods to mitigate the impact of climate change. Small land holdings, poor extension services and non availability of stress tolerant verities were the major problems faced by the farmers in adoption to climate change. Extension functionaries were having medium level awareness about impact of climate change on agriculture. They used electronic media, training and conferences and seminars as major sources of information for climate change. They need training on climate smart agriculture aspects. Based on the above facts this presentation focuses on analyzing the opportunities and challenges of climate smart agriculture.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2. E-EXTENSION
E-Extension is also known as cyber extension.
It is defined as the ‘extension over cyber space’. But,
in applied context of agriculture, cyber extension means,
"using the power of online networks, computer
communications & digital interactive multi-media to
facilitate dissemination of Agrl. Technology”.
It includes effective use of ICT, national & international
information networks, internet, expert systems, multi-
media learning systems & computer based training
systems to improve information access to the farmers,
Extn. workers, research scientists & Extn. managers.
3. To accelerate agricultural growth
To expand knowledge resource
To facilitate better information access
To supplement inadequate technical manpower
For stronger research-extension – Client system linkage
To develop efficient feedback mechanism
For cost-effective extension delivery
To develop knowledge managers
To ensure gender equity in technology transfer process
To empower small and marginal farmers
To serve the farm stakeholders beyond technology transfer
role
NEED FOR E-EXTENSION
4. E-extension
Use of ICTs has been put forth for:
Bridging the knowledge deficit among farmers
Enhancing the capabilities of extension personnel,
and
Strengthening the research-extension-farmer
linkages.
5. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Information: Is data that have been put into a
meaningful and useful context and communicated to
a recipient who uses it to make decisions.
IT: It is refers to computer based technology and
telecommunications. These are electronic systems
for receiving, processing, storing, retrieving and
transmitting information.
6. ICT
Information and communications technology (ICT) is
often used as an extended synonym for information
technology (IT).
The term ICT is also used to refer to the convergence
of audio-visual and telephone networks with
computer networks through a various linking
systems.
ICT covers any product that will store, retrieve,
manipulate, transmit or receive information
electronically in a digital form.
7. CONCEPT
Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
consists of three main technologies. They are:
Computer Technology, Communication Technology
and Information Management Technology. These
technologies are applied for processing, exchanging
and managing data, information and knowledge.
8. Access to the astounding store-house of information is
free
The information is available instantaneously round the
year and twenty four hours a day,
Communication can also be interactive
The information is available from any point on the globe
The communication is dynamic and ever growing.
UNIQUE FEATURES OF ICT
9. DEFINITION
ICT has no universal definition, since "the concepts, methods
and applications involved in ICT are constantly evolving on an
almost daily basis.
According to Wikipedia (2008), the term ICT is the broader
term of Information Technology (IT), to explicitly include the field
of electronic communication, in addition to IT.
The term IT is defined as “the study, design, development,
implementation, support or management of computer- based
information systems, particularly software applications and
computer hardware.” IT deals with the use of electronic computers
and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit
and retrieve information, securely.
10. MEANING
ICTs or Information and Communication
Technologies are emerging as an important tool for
the development of societies and have driving forces
in the economies world- wide.
ICTs are no more confined to assist high- end
research and development; the new technologies
have made significant improvements in the life-
styles and the efficiency- levels of all sectors of
economy.
11. Cont…..
The agriculture sector is gearing itself to make optimal use of the new
information and communication technologies. At the Government of India
level, a number of important initiatives have been taken to provide IT
Hardware and connectivity to all organizations involved in Agricultural
Education, research, development and dissemination.
Simultaneously, Agricultural content development initiatives have been
taken by Ministry of Agriculture, in collaboration with National Informatics
Centre (NIC), to provide marketing information of various agricultural
commodities to the farming community.
12. Cont…..
Another content- creation and aggregation initiative is being supported by Indian
Council of Agricultural Research, National Agricultural Innovations
Project (NAIP), International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid
Tropics (ICRISAT) have been roped in to guide National Agricultural Research
System to design, development and implement Knowledge Management
Systems (KMS) in Agriculture.
ICTs are thus emerging as very important tools for Agricultural Extension, and it is
now a must for every Agriculture graduate to have working knowledge of
computers, Communications, Internet and World -Wide Web.
13. Application of ICT in Extension Education
There are various ICT tools or applications available
to simplify the operation for general purpose use to
mission critical applications. The general purpose
applications can be used to simplify the day-to-day
operations in the organization. The following range
of ICT tools (applications) is available for the general
purpose use.
14. ICT application
Word processing applications – used for preparing
text documents
Presentation software – used for preparing
presentations
Spreadsheets – used for calculation and preparing
tabular data with calculations
Databases – used to store the information in the form
of records and retrieving information using query
mechanism
15. Cont…..
Multimedia – used to organize the information
more meaningful manner with the help of text,
images, animation, audio and videos
Web Browsers and E-mail – used to searching
information and sending or receiving mail using
Internet
16. Word Processing
Word processing software is used to manipulate a
text document, such as a resume or a report.
Creating, editing, saving and printing documents.
Copying, pasting, moving and deleting text within a document.
Formatting text, such as font type, bolding, underlining or
italicizing.
Creating and editing tables.
Inserting elements from other software, such as illustrations or
photographs.
Correcting spelling and grammar.
18. Presentation software
Presentation software is a category of application
software that is specifically designed to allow users to
create a presentation of ideas by stringing together
text, images and audio/video. The presentation tells
a story or supports speech or the presentation of
information.
19. Spreadsheet
Microsoft excel is a powerful spreadsheet that is easy
to use and allows you to store, manipulate, analyse
and visualize data. It also supports data bases,
graphic and presentation features. It is a powerful
research tool that needs minimum of teaching. It not
only makes statistics enjoyable, it also brings live to
numerical work.
20. Databases
Databases are collection of records, each record
describing an entity such as book, journal, article or
any other document or object in a machine readable
form. They can be available on a range of media such
as magnetic tapes, floppies, computer hard disks,
CD- ROMs and video discs.
21. CD-ROMs
CD-ROMs are special laser
based information storage
media.
In CD-ROM the data is
greatly compressed or
compacted and that it can
only be read and not written.
You can retrieve the
information contained in it,
but cannot add any new
information; it is really a boon
for developing countries like
India where access to on-line
services is very much limited.
22. Interactive computer video technology
One of the most popular multimedia technologies
that has been used in ICVT, It links the computer to
audio-video reply in such a way as to provide the
trainee with individualized truly interactive
instruction.
ICVT can contribute to resolving problems of
relevant farm information and improve the quality of
extension services.
23. Interactive video disc
IVD is one of the popular multimedia technologies,
there is a video Disc player which access the video
images stored on a two- channel audio-disc. Other
media of information are text, graphics, animation
and digitized audio which supplement the audio on
the video disc.
The cost of multimedia is probably the biggest issue
that will be raised. However the cost drops.
Proportionately as the number of users get
increased.
24. IMCD
Interactive multimedia compact disc (IMCD) is one of
the most versatile audio visual medium of
communication. It is very efficient, accurate, quick and
somewhat cheaper in the field of disseminating the
agricultural technologies from research system to the
farmers.
Multimedia communication is the representation,
storage, retrieval and dissemination of machine
processable information expressed in multimedia such as
text, voice, image, audio and video.
25. Computer – assisted instruction
CAI is a natural outgrowth of the application of the
principle of programmed learning.
The computer can store a massive amount of
organized information, which can be made available
for individualized instruction to meet the needs of
the particular learner.
CAI can be arranged for teaching up to forty
thousand learners simultaneously.
26. Main advantages of ICT tools
Through ICT, images can easily be used in teaching
and improving the retentive memory of students.
Through ICT, teachers can easily explain complex
instructions and ensure students' comprehension.
Through ICT, teachers are able to create interactive
classes and make the lessons more enjoyable, which
could improve student attendance and
concentration.
27. Main disadvantages of ICT tools
Setting up the devices can be very troublesome.
Too expensive to afford
Hard for teachers to use with a lack of experience
using ICT tools