Describe types of bowel wall thickening on enhanced CT scan and the diagnostic signs to differentiate inflammatory , neoplastic , ischemic and other causes of bowel wall thickening .
Ultrasound detection of colonic polyps Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
In this presentation we will discuss the role of USG in the diagnosis of Colonic polyps with charecterization.
Ultrasound detection of colonic polyps Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
In this presentation we will discuss the role of USG in the diagnosis of Colonic polyps with charecterization.
Description of various ultrasound features of benign and suspicious thyroid nodules with multiple ultrasound systems for risk stratification of malignancy.
Imaging in small bowel tumors Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
Here we will discuss CT and MR enterography. We will further discuss the use of negative contrast.
Four important tumors will be discussed.
Description of various ultrasound features of benign and suspicious thyroid nodules with multiple ultrasound systems for risk stratification of malignancy.
Imaging in small bowel tumors Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
Here we will discuss CT and MR enterography. We will further discuss the use of negative contrast.
Four important tumors will be discussed.
Describes the imaging diagnostic criteria of acute diverticulitis in barium studies , ultrasound , computed tomography and MRI .and the classification and complications of acute diverticulitis
Radiology ----Classical Signs in GIT Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar.
It is very difficult to learn much in the sea of radiology.
This presentation is the way to memorize classical signs in radiology.
Describes the basic radiology of diffuse interstitial disease ,with differential diagnosis of reticular interstitial pattern and how to approach HRCT findings .
This is a chapter from Grainger and Allison. I have Coolected all images from chapter 20 with caption in this presentation.
In my opinion it will be very benificial to have this in your android. ,
Ischemic colitis is the most common form of intestinal ischemia. It manifests as a spectrum of injury from transient self-limited ischemia involving the mucosa and submucosa to acute fulminant ischemia with transmural infarction that may progress to necrosis and death. Although there are a variety of causes, the most common mechanism is an acute, self-limited compromise in intestinal blood flow.
Describes the basic radiology of diffuse interstitial disease ,with differential diagnosis of nodular interstitial pattern and how to approach HRCT findings .
Vascular disease is a condition that develops when the arteries that supply the intestines with blood become narrowed due to the build-up of plaque. This results in a lack of blood supply to the intestines.
inflammatory bowel disease is a diagnosis of exclusion and it has two form known as crohn's disease which can affect all GI tract from ''gum to bum'' with skip lesion and the formation of cobblestones. ulcerative colitis affect only the colon and also causes proctitis and toxic megacolon. both of the disease has extraGI symptoms like sclerosing cholangitis, uveitis, ankylosing spondylitis,conjunctivitis, liver cirrhosis, pyoderma gangrenosum, arthropathy and althralgia, etc .
Describes parts of the mediastinum and anatomical landmarks and common mediastinal pathologies and there radiological features and differentiation in a simple educational way with multiple CT examples of different cases .
Describes cross sectional anatomy of the mediastinum , and lobar and segmental anatomy of the lung with teaching points and radiological guidelines and multiple examples of lobar and segmental pathologies and how we localize these pathologies .Also the types of chest CT images and indications of chest CT.
Definition of stroke and cerebrovascular disorders and pathophysiology of cerebral infarct and CT imaging overview of acute-subacute and chronic infarcts and penumbra.
causes of cerebral edema , Radiological signs of acute infarct and hemorrhagic infarct and comparison of MRI and CT in the diagnosis of acute infarct
Role of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion perfusion mismatch
Describe different types of cerebral hemorrhage , causes ,and ,radiological features and important distinguishing imaging criteria with illustrative diagrams and CT images with notice on the complications of brain injury , types of skull fractures with plain x ray images and anatomy of the meninges and the importance of CT imaging in cases of head injury
Brain CT Anatomy and Basic Interpretation Part IISakher Alkhaderi
Detailed anatomy of the brain ventricles , CSF production and pathway and arterial supply and venous drainage of the brain and corresponding CT cross sectional anatomy and definition of sulcus and gyrus and fissure and the names of the important gyri .
Brain CT Anatomy and Basic Interpretation Part ISakher Alkhaderi
Detailed anatomy and Radiological guidelines for radiologist and general physicians to facilitate use of BRAIN CT SCAN in medical diagnosis and emergencies supported by images and scientific data.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
4. -If the bowel wall is enhanced to
a degree that is equal to or
greater than that of venous
opacification in the same scan , it
should be classified in the white
attenuation pattern.
-At least two pathophysiologic
events likely underlie this
attenuation
pattern: (a) vasodilation
and/or (b) injury to intramural
vessels with accompanying
interstitial leakage
6. Normal Gastrointestinal Tract
-The normal small-bowel wall is thin, measuring between 1 and 2
mm when the lumen is well distended
-If the bowel is partially collapsed, the wall measures
between 2 and 3 mm and is of symmetric thickness
-The normal thickness of the colonic wall varies greatly
depending on the degree of distention. When the colon
is distended, the wall should measure less than 3 mm;
Normal enhancement and
appearance of small bowel in 77-
year-old woman with normal
bowel wall. Note thinly
enhancing valvulae conniventes
(arrow). This finding is often
better seen when water alone is
given as oral contrast agent.
7. Type 1 - White Attenuation
The normal bowel will enhance bright especially if the scan is in the
late arterial phase, i.e. 35-40 seconds post injection.
If the bowel wall is not thickened, this is normal enhancement.
8. Acute IBD
Here a patient with acute inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Notice the bright enhancement of a large segment of the small
bowel with a thickened wall.
This is the result of hyperemia due to the vasodilatation.
Notice the dilated vessels on the ventral side.
9. White attenuation: enhancement in acute ulcerative colitis. On
an intravenous contrast-enhanced CT scan, the thickened wall of
the rectosigmoid segment demonstrates uniform increased
enhancement (straight black arrows) similar to the attenuation of
the external iliac vein (curved arrow). Pericolonic vessels are
dilated (white arrow).
10. White attenuation: enhancement of the small intestine in shock
bowel. On an intravenous contrast-enhanced CT scan, the jejunum
demonstrates increased enhancement (black arrows). The
attenuation is greater than that of the inferior vena cava (curved
arrow)
11. White attenuation: enhancement in ischemic duodenitis and jejunitis.
Intravenous contrast-enhanced CT scan shows enhanced segments of
duodenum (large straight black arrow) and jejunum (curved arrow). Note
absence of oral contrast material in the stomach (white arrow). Dissection is
present in the aorta (arrowhead) and superior mesenteric artery (small
straight black arrow).
12. White attenuation: enhancement in ileal Crohn disease. On an
intravenous contrast-enhanced CT scan, the enhanced thickened
wall of the small bowel (solid arrows) is slightly higher attenuation
than the inferior vena cava (open black arrow). The vasa recta are
dilated (arrowhead) and separated by increased fat deposition
(“creeping fat sign”). Open white arrow = enlarged mesenteric node.
14. -The pattern of gray attenuation is defined
as a thickened bowel wall that shows little
clear-cut enhancement and whose
homogeneous attenuation is comparable
with that of enhanced muscle
-The gray attenuation pattern is the least
specific of the five attenuation categories
for diagnosis, and it is common in both
benign and malignant diseases
-Bowel wall thickening of less than 2 cm is
more characteristic of benign conditions,
whereas thickening greater than 3 cm is
usually present in neoplastic cases.
15. In the gray-pattern, the bowel wall is thick and despite a nice bolus
of contrast there is poor enhancement and you can not see the
different layers of the bowel wall.
This pattern is seen in chronic fibrotic Crohn's disease, ischemia
and neoplasms like adenocarcinoma and lymphoma.
17. Mesenteric Ischemia
Bowel ischemia frequently affects the colon and is more frequently seen in the
splenic flexure, descending colon and sigmoid.
It is mostly due to a low flow state like hypovolemic shock or congestive heart
failure.
Especially in elderly with bowel wall thickening you should always put ischemia
in your differential diagnostic list.
A special cause of ischemia in the small bowel is a closed loop obstruction,
which we will discuss in a moment.
19. Mesenteric Ischemia
Gray enhancement pattern in a patient with closed loop obstruction.
Notice the difference in enhancement between the normal non-
distended loops (green arrow) and the distended strangulated loops
(red arrow).
20. Tumor
The gray enhancement pattern with loss of identification of the
various layers of the bowel wall can be seen in various tumors
like adenocarcinoma, metastases and GIST.
Lymphoma and neuroendocrine tumors like carcinoid usually
show somewhat more enhancement.
Adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid.
21. Gray attenuation. Intravenous contrast-enhanced CT scan of a
case of colonic adenocarcinoma demonstrates the thickened wall
of the mid-descending colon (straight arrow) with attenuation
similar to that of adjacent muscle (curved arrow).
26. Water halo sign. Intravenous contrast-enhanced CT scan of a
case of pseudomembranous colitis shows an outer enhanced
layer (white arrows) surrounding a water attenuation layer
(curved arrows).
28. Typhlitis is a necrotizing inflammation of the cecum, which is
usually seen in patients with neutropenia due to acute
leukemia, AIDS or aplastic anemia.
There is transmural edema and ulceration, which can cause
perforation.
30. Target” sign detected only after IV contrast administration in 64-year-
old man with pain and bloody diarrhea. Contrast-enhanced axial CT
image obtained 48 hr after A at same level shows thickened sigmoid
with target configuration (arrow). Findings suggest inflammation or
ischemia. Endoscopy and biopsy confirmed ischemic colitis.
31. “Target” sign in 37-year-old woman with history of lupus erythematosus.
Contrast-enhanced axial CT image at level of mid abdomen shows diffuse
marked circumferential thickening of colon. Target appearance is present,
with enhancement of mucosa (short white arrow) and outer enhancement of
muscular layer and serosa (long white arrow) surrounding low-attenuation
edematous submucosa. Small amount of ascites is present (arrowhead).
33. The pattern of the fat halo sign refers to a
three-layered target sign of thickened bowel
in which the middle or “submucosal” layer
has a fatty attenuation
The observation of the fat halo sign in the
small intestine is, for all intents and
purposes, diagnostic of Crohn disease and
by itself is a sign of a chronic phase
The rare diagnoses in which this pattern
occurs include cytoreductive therapy
exposure and chronic radiation enteritis.
36. Fat halo sign. CT scan of a case of ulcerative colitis shows
an outer enhanced layer (straight solid arrows)
surrounding a fat attenuation layer (curved arrows).
37. Fat halo sign in chronic radiation enteritis. Intravenous contrast-
enhanced CT scan demonstrates several segments of small bowel
with walls thickened by a central band of lower attenuation,
consistent with that of fat (arrowheads)
38. Deposition of fat in submucosa producing “target”
sign in 85-year-old man with history of chronic
ulcerative colitis.
40. -The pattern of black attenuation is the
equivalent of pneumatosis
-All pneumatosis should be considered as
part of an acute injury to the bowel.
-Any process that is accompanied by a break
in the mucosa can introduce intramural gas.
43. 1- Give special attention to the non-dependent bowel
wall, where there is no feces in contact with the
mucosa and gas bubbles will not be seen.
TEACHING POINTS
2-The linear arrangement of the gas bubbles makes it
suspective of pneumatosis.
3-String of pearls sign is indicative of small bowel obstruction
(SBO) and not pneumotosis
47. Portal venous gas
Portal venous gas is an ominous radiologic sign and is
associated with a high mortality rate.
48. Gas in the portal veins has to be differentiated from gas
within the bile ducts, which is called pneumobilia.
Portal venous gas is located peripherally in the liver as
opposed to pneumobilia which is usually more centrally
located.
Pneumobilia
49. TEACHING POINTS
1-Symmetric bowel wall thickening is seen in intestinal
inflammatory conditions, infections, bowel edema, and ischemia,
submucosal hemorrhage and lymphoma
2-Asymmetric or eccentric bowel thickening is mainly
seen with malignant conditions.
3-Most neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract present as
a focal area of bowel wall thickening
4-Inflammatory processes that may present as focal
areas ppendicitis, and, occasionaof bowel wall
thickening include diverticulitis, ally, tuberculosis.
50. 5-A segmental distribution of involvement is usually
caused by an inflammatory process. Conditions
associated with segmental involvement include Crohn's
disease, infectious ileitis, radiation enteritis, and
ischemia.
6-Diffuse thickening of the bowel wall is seen with a
variety of inflammatory conditions, including ulcerative
colitis, infectious enteritis, edema from low-protein
states, portal hypertension associated with cirrhosis, and
low-flow ischemia . Segmental or diffuse thickening may
be seen in patients with small-bowel vasculitis, as often
occurs in systemic lupus erythematosus .
51. 7-Pericolonic lymph nodes adjacent to the focal area of
colonic thickening are more commonly seen in
patients with colon cancer. Pericolonic inflammatory
changes are more commonly seen in diverticulitis .
8-CT findings of mild, symmetric bowel wall thickening with or
without a target configuration in the distal ileum lead to a
differential diagnosis of infectious enteritis, Crohn's disease,
vasculitis, and radiation enteritis. Secondary findings that help
establish the diagnosis of Crohn's disease include fistulas, sinus
tracts, perienteric abscess, and fibrofatty proliferation.