Criticism
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1. The document summarizes various periods and theorists of literary criticism from Classical Greek to Modern criticism. It covers major critics like Plato, Aristotle, Sidney, Dryden, Pope, Johnson, Arnold, Eliot and theories like mimesis, poetic inspiration, the functions of poetry, unities of time and place, and romantic ideas of poetry. 2. Plato is discussed in depth for his views on poetry in works like The Republic, where he attacks poetry and advocates banning poets from his ideal city. His ideas on mimesis and poetic inspiration are also summarized. 3. The document then moves chronologically through periods of Latin, Medieval, Renaissance, Neoclassical, Enlightenment and
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Criticism
- 3. PLATO • Founder of the Academy in Athens. • THE REPUBLIC • SYMPOSIUM • ION
- 4. REPUBLIC • speaker : Socrates • What is justice? • Kallipolis - Thracian goddess, Bendis • Glaucon, one of Plato’s brothers • father Cephalus • nobleman Polemarchus • Allegory of the cave – Book 7 • Myth of Er – Book 10
- 5. ION (DIALOGUE) • professional rhapsode (singer) • lectures on Homer • Ion has no real skill • "For a poet is a light and winged and sacred thing” • divine inspiration of the Muses.
- 6. PLATO’S VIEW OF ART • Mimesis Vs. Idea • PLATO’S ATTACK ON POETRY (3) • 1. Poetic inspiration • 2. The emotional appeal of poetry • 3. Its non-moral character. (no poetic justice) • THE FUNCTIONS OF POETRY • Instruct > please
- 7. HIS COMMENTS ON DRAMA • Baser Instincts • Effects of Impersonation • pleasure is malicious as it arises from the weakness of a fellow man. • Book 5 feminist – women are not dog • Book 10 - - Imitation – Poets Banned. • “hymn to god and panegyric to famous men” – were allowed. • Flute was banned in plato’s ideal country.
- 8. LATIN CRITICISM • Cicero • Quintilian • Horace • Longinus • Dante
- 9. ON THE SUBLIME • (1) grandeur of thought • (2) capacity for strong emotion • (3) appropriate use of Figures (devices) • (4) Nobility of diction • (5) dignity of composition or a happy synthesis of all the preceding elements. “Sublimity the echo of a great soul” True and False Sublime
- 10. ARS POETICA • Epistle to the Pisos • poesis (subject matter) - familiar material • poema (form) • Metres and their appropriateness • Diction • poeta (the poet) • Both, Please and Instruct
- 11. NEO-PLATONISM
- 12. MEDIEVAL CRITICISM • Al-Jahiz • Christian De Pisan • St.Augustin • Boccacio
- 13. RENAISSANCE CRITICISM • Sir Thomas Wilson – Art of Rhetoric • Gascoingne – Making of verse or Rhyme in english • Stephen Gosson – School of Abuse • Thomas Lodge – Defence of Poetry, music and stage plays • George Puttenham – Art of English Poesie • Sidney – Defence of Poesie / Apology for poetry • Thomas Campion – Observations in the Art of English Poesie • Samuel Daniel – Defence of Rhyme
- 14. SYDNEY’S APOLOGY FOR POETRY • treatise on horseman-ship by pietro Pugliano • Gosson's Schoole of Abuse, dedicated to Sidney in 1579 • 1. Poetry is the waste of time. 2. Poetry is mother of lies. 3. It is nurse of abuse. 4. Plato had rightly banished the poets from his ideal world. (imitation) • Superiority of Poetry to Philosophy and History
- 15. NEOCLASSICAL CRITICISM • John Dryden – Essay on Dramatik poesy , Preface to Fables • Pope – ESSAY on riticism • Pope – Peri Bathos • Samuel Johnson – Lives of the poets, On Shakespeare, •
- 16. • Types – Satire , Comedy, Heroic • 'not only a kind, but the best and most accomplished kind of poetry‘ • 'rhyming and versing’ – memorizing. • 'One may be a poet without versing, and a versifier without poetry‘ • producing good poetry are Art, Imitation, and Exercise • Troilus and Cresseida. The Mirrour of Magistrates , Surrey's Lyrics , The Shepherds Calender. • Gorboduc - report/represent.
- 17. PREFACE TO FABLES • Illiad – Metamorphosis – 12 and 15th • Milton – poetic child of spenser • Boccacio – Ovid – • Virgil – Homer • Chaucer – Rough Diamond • Perpectual fountain of Good sense, Here is God’s plenty, thather of eng poetry
- 18. ESSAY ON DRAMATIK POETRY (1668) • : Eugenius(Sir William D’avenant ) • Crites(Sir Robert Howard ) • Lisideius(earl of Orrery Roger Boyle) • Neander(Dryden). • Thames – Modern Civilization.
- 19. CHARGES • classical drama (upheld by Crites) vs. modern drama (championed by Eugenius) • Lack of the unity of place in classics • French drama( Lisideius) vs English Drama (Neander) • English mix genres • “just and lively image of human” • Crites opposed to rhyme in plays.
- 20. REPLY 1) violation of the unities = VARIETY OF ENG. PLAYS 2) French are boring craps – Shakespeare "the greatest soul, ancient or modern". 3 unities in Ben jonson’s plays Tragic-Comedy’ is the best for play 3) Neander supports rhyme vs opposed rhyme (blankverse) Lively imitation of life
- 21. ENLIGHTENMENT CRITICISM • John Locke • Edward Hume
- 22. ROMANTIC CRITICISM • Thomas Love Peacock – Four Ages of Poetry • Shelly – A Defence of Poetry • Wordsworth – Preface to Lyrical Ballad • Coleridge – Biographia Literaria, Willing Suspension of Disbelief • Keats – Negative Capability, Egoistical Sublime • Poe – on composition
- 23. VICTORIAN CRITICISM • Arnold – Essay in criticism • Arnold – Culture and Anarchy • Arnold – Wordsworth • Arnold – Study of Poetry
- 24. MODERN CRITICISM • T.S.Eliot • A.C.Bradly • Forster – Aspects of Novel