The document discusses the Neoclassical period in literature from 1660-1798. It was characterized by writers imitating classical Greco-Roman styles and emphasizing reason and order. John Dryden was a seminal writer of this period and is considered the father of English literary criticism. He analyzed works using historical, comparative and descriptive criticism. In his influential work "Essay of Dramatic Poesy", Dryden debates other thinkers on rules and standards for drama, appreciating Shakespeare while also arguing for flexibility over rigid adherence to classical ideals. Dryden established English literary criticism as its own discipline.
John Milton was a 17th century English poet, author, and civil servant. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost. Some key facts:
- He was born in 1608 in London to a middle-class family and was well educated as a young man.
- He held Puritan views and wrote many pamphlets on religious and political topics defending things like freedom of the press.
- His most influential work, the epic poem Paradise Lost, was written after he lost his eyesight while serving as Secretary of State.
- The poem uses a grand style and elevated language to retell the Biblical story of Adam and Eve's fall from Eden.
The document provides information about the Romantic Era in literature from 1798-1832. Some key aspects discussed include:
- Romanticism focused on imagination, emotion, individual experience, and freedom over reason and rules.
- Several historical events influenced the rise of Romanticism in Britain, including the French Revolution, Industrial Revolution, and the rise and fall of Napoleon Bonaparte.
- The six major British Romantic poets - William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Blake, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and John Keats - explored themes of nature, emotion, and individualism in their revolutionary poetry.
Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) was an influential English poet and author. He is considered the father of English literature and was one of the earliest English poets to influence the development of the English language. Some of his most notable works include The Canterbury Tales, Troilus and Criseyde, and The Parliament of Fowls. He brought a new realism to English poetry by depicting realistic characters and themes from everyday life. The document provides biographical details about Chaucer and discusses his major works and his significant contributions to early English literature.
Alexander Pope was an 18th-century English poet born in London in 1688. He is best known for his satirical verse and use of the heroic couplet. Pope was educated informally as a Catholic in London. He published his first major poems An Essay on Criticism in 1711 and The Rape of the Lock in 1712-1714, which established his fame as a poet and satirist.
Richard Brinsley Butler Sheridan was an Irish playwright, poet, and politician. He was born in 1751 in Dublin to a literary family and showed an early talent for writing. Some of his most famous works include the plays The Rivals (1775), The School for Scandal (1777), and The Critic (1779). Though his playwriting career ended in the 1780s, he had a long career as a Whig politician, serving as a member of parliament from 1780 until his death in 1816. Sheridan made many contributions to English literature through his comedies of manners and satires.
This document provides an overview of 18th century English literature during the Age of Pope from 1700-1745. It describes the intellectual and literary trends of the time, including the emphasis on rationalism and classicism in the works of writers like Pope, Swift, Johnson, and others. The document also gives biographical overviews of some of the major literary figures from the period, such as Pope, Defoe, and Swift, and discusses their most prominent works.
The Neo Classical Literature - The Age of Prose And ReasonJitendra Sumra
The Neoclassical period was characterized by reason and order in literature. Writers imitated classical Greek and Roman styles and forms. Major writers included Pope, Dryden, Swift, Addison, and Johnson. Their works emphasized clarity, precision, and adherence to aesthetic principles through genres like satire, essays, and mock epics that commented on contemporary politics and society. Prose works like The Tatler, The Spectator, and Rambler aimed to educate the growing middle class.
John Milton was a 17th century English poet, author, and civil servant. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost. Some key facts:
- He was born in 1608 in London to a middle-class family and was well educated as a young man.
- He held Puritan views and wrote many pamphlets on religious and political topics defending things like freedom of the press.
- His most influential work, the epic poem Paradise Lost, was written after he lost his eyesight while serving as Secretary of State.
- The poem uses a grand style and elevated language to retell the Biblical story of Adam and Eve's fall from Eden.
The document provides information about the Romantic Era in literature from 1798-1832. Some key aspects discussed include:
- Romanticism focused on imagination, emotion, individual experience, and freedom over reason and rules.
- Several historical events influenced the rise of Romanticism in Britain, including the French Revolution, Industrial Revolution, and the rise and fall of Napoleon Bonaparte.
- The six major British Romantic poets - William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Blake, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and John Keats - explored themes of nature, emotion, and individualism in their revolutionary poetry.
Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) was an influential English poet and author. He is considered the father of English literature and was one of the earliest English poets to influence the development of the English language. Some of his most notable works include The Canterbury Tales, Troilus and Criseyde, and The Parliament of Fowls. He brought a new realism to English poetry by depicting realistic characters and themes from everyday life. The document provides biographical details about Chaucer and discusses his major works and his significant contributions to early English literature.
Alexander Pope was an 18th-century English poet born in London in 1688. He is best known for his satirical verse and use of the heroic couplet. Pope was educated informally as a Catholic in London. He published his first major poems An Essay on Criticism in 1711 and The Rape of the Lock in 1712-1714, which established his fame as a poet and satirist.
Richard Brinsley Butler Sheridan was an Irish playwright, poet, and politician. He was born in 1751 in Dublin to a literary family and showed an early talent for writing. Some of his most famous works include the plays The Rivals (1775), The School for Scandal (1777), and The Critic (1779). Though his playwriting career ended in the 1780s, he had a long career as a Whig politician, serving as a member of parliament from 1780 until his death in 1816. Sheridan made many contributions to English literature through his comedies of manners and satires.
This document provides an overview of 18th century English literature during the Age of Pope from 1700-1745. It describes the intellectual and literary trends of the time, including the emphasis on rationalism and classicism in the works of writers like Pope, Swift, Johnson, and others. The document also gives biographical overviews of some of the major literary figures from the period, such as Pope, Defoe, and Swift, and discusses their most prominent works.
The Neo Classical Literature - The Age of Prose And ReasonJitendra Sumra
The Neoclassical period was characterized by reason and order in literature. Writers imitated classical Greek and Roman styles and forms. Major writers included Pope, Dryden, Swift, Addison, and Johnson. Their works emphasized clarity, precision, and adherence to aesthetic principles through genres like satire, essays, and mock epics that commented on contemporary politics and society. Prose works like The Tatler, The Spectator, and Rambler aimed to educate the growing middle class.
Alexander Pope was an 18th century English poet best known for his satirical verse and translation of Homer's works. He was born into a Catholic family at a time when Catholics faced significant legal restrictions. His education ended early due to Pott's disease, but he was a prolific self-educated reader of classical texts. His most famous works included Essay on Criticism, The Rape of the Lock, and translations of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey. Though his religious background and poor health isolated him, Pope was a highly influential poet and considered a master of Neoclassical style during his lifetime.
The document provides an overview of British literature from Anglo-Saxon times through the 20th century. It summarizes key periods and authors, including Beowulf as the earliest work, Chaucer's establishment of English as the literary language, the Renaissance bringing about Elizabethan drama with Marlowe and Shakespeare, Milton's epic Paradise Lost in the 17th century, and the rise of the novel in the 19th century.
This document summarizes the Elizabethan period in England and the characteristics of Elizabethan literature. It discusses Queen Elizabeth I's life and reign, noting that England prospered in the latter half and witnessed great playwrights, poets, and scholars. It then characterizes Elizabethan literature, highlighting the revival of interest in Greek works, abundant literary output, rise of new romanticism, translations, spirit of independence, development of drama and popularity of poetry, as well as advances in prose and the emergence of the novel. The Elizabethan age was considered one of the golden ages of English literature.
John Donne (/ˈdʌn/ dun) (22 January 1572[1] – 31 March 1631) was an English poet and a cleric in the Church of England. He is considered the pre-eminent representative of the metaphysical poets. from Wikipedia
The Augustan Age was a period in English literature from roughly 1700 to 1750. It was named after the Roman emperor Augustus due to its similarities to the Golden Age of Latin literature during Augustus' reign. Writers during this period, like Alexander Pope and Samuel Johnson, followed Neoclassical principles and focused on rules, reason, and wit over emotion. They were influenced by Classical models and wrote in polished, refined styles using forms like satire and the heroic couplet. Prose flourished as well through periodical essays and works of social commentary and early novels by writers like Daniel Defoe and Henry Fielding. Overall, Augustan literature was characterized by its emphasis on order, balance, rationality,
This document summarizes Alexander Pope's essay "An Essay on Criticism". The essay is divided into three parts - the thesis, antithesis, and synthesis. In the first part, Pope discusses what makes a good critic, including having self-knowledge of one's abilities and limits. The second part outlines 12 things that make a bad critic, such as pride, little learning, and basing criticism on an author's social status rather than the work itself. The third part celebrates good critics and advises them to purify themselves of biases and criticize in a constructive way aimed at educating others. Throughout, Pope draws on classical references and the ideas of writer John Dryden.
TYBA, English , Pr. VII, The Romantic Reviaval movement. Prose. Fictional and Nonfictional. Characteristics, major contributors. Essayists and novelist.
Robert Browning was an English poet and playwright born in 1812 in London, England. He wrote dramatic monologues and is considered a master of the form. Browning married fellow poet Elizabeth Barrett in 1846 against her father's wishes and they lived in Italy until her death. Some of Browning's most famous short poems are "Porphyria's Lover" and "My Last Duchess" and his most ambitious work was the long blank verse poem "The Ring and the Book". Browning died in 1889 in Venice, Italy and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
This document provides an overview of 17th century English literature during the Puritan and Restoration periods. It summarizes the major genres of the time, including Puritan poetry divided into the School of Spenser, Metaphysical school, and Cavalier poets. The major dramatists of Jacobean and Caroline drama are also discussed, along with famous prose writers like Bacon, Burton, Milton and Taylor. The document analyzes the work and styles of influential poets, dramatists and prose writers like Donne, Jonson, Milton and others during this period of English literature.
This document provides biographical information about English novelist Henry Fielding and summarizes his most notable works and contributions to the development of the novel form. It notes that Fielding published influential picaresque novels like Joseph Andrews and Tom Jones in the mid-1700s. The document highlights how Fielding established plot construction, characterization techniques, and realistic depictions of common life that helped establish the modern novel. It concludes that Fielding is considered the "father of the English novel" for devising theories that revolutionized the novel genre.
Virginia Woolf's A Room of One's Own is considered a seminal work of feminist literary criticism. In it, Woolf explores the historical, social, and economic barriers faced by women writers. She argues that women needed financial independence and a space of their own to write, as well as access to educational institutions and the ability to step away from traditional gender roles. Woolf also examines how the idealized roles of "The Angel in the House" and the madwoman limited women's self-expression and creativity. The essay considers how these historical constraints impacted the development of women's literary tradition.
Mary Ann Evans, who wrote under the pen name George Eliot, was one of the leading English novelists of the 19th century. She was born in 1819 in Warwickshire and died in 1880. As George Eliot, she wrote seven major novels including Middlemarch, a work of literary realism set in a English provincial town that examines the constraints of marriage.
This document discusses the history and development of Indian English literature. It begins by mentioning Salman Rushdie's quote about literature opening doors to imagination and understanding. It then discusses Sake Dean Mahomet, considered the first Indian to write a book in English in the 18th century. Indian English literature refers to works written in English by Indian authors, and also the Indian diaspora such as Salman Rushdie. Writers like Rabindranath Tagore inspired Indians and his translations helped popularize English. The document goes on to list many influential Indian English authors and their contributions to literature.
Samuel Johnson did not produce any singular great works of criticism but had a significant influence on English criticism through several works including papers in The Rambler, remarks on poetry in Rasselas, and a preface to Shakespeare's plays. Johnson believed that literature is shaped by the era and environment of its author, and that for a work to be excellent it must conform to nature and reason while also pleasing many readers for a long time through its imitation of truth and life.
A Study of Poetry | Critical Essay by Matthew ArnoldMansur Saleem
Matthew Arnold's essay criticizes poetry and criticism. He argues that poetry will provide enduring comfort through its ideas. Arnold proposes evaluating poetry through "real," "historic," and "personal" estimates. The "real estimate" judges poetry objectively based on creative merit, while the "historic estimate" prioritizes historical context over artistic value. The "personal estimate" relies on subjective tastes. Arnold advocates the "touchstone method" of comparing works to classics like Homer, Dante and Shakespeare to assess poetic quality. He analyses various poets like Chaucer, Dryden and Pope through this framework.
The document provides background information on the English Revolution and Restoration period in multiple sections:
1) It outlines the social background of the weakening relationship between the monarchy and bourgeois, and clashes between the King and Parliament that led to the outbreak of the English Revolution.
2) It summarizes the reigns of English monarchs from James I to William III and the Glorious Revolution of 1688.
3) It describes how the English Revolution was carried out under a religious cloak of Puritanism, which aimed to reform manners and liberate man, condemning worldly pleasures.
4) It discusses the literature of the period, including works by John Milton, the Metaphys
The document summarizes the three stages of the Neoclassical Age in English literature: 1) The Restoration Age from 1660-1700 was characterized by the return of theater and urban culture to London after Puritan rule. John Dryden was a major poet and playwright of this period. 2) The Augustan Age from 1700-1750 drew parallels to ancient Rome and emphasized reason and order. Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift were leading satirists. 3) The Age of Sensibility from 1750-1798 saw a turn toward emotion, folk traditions, and the rise of the novel with authors like Samuel Johnson and Oliver Goldsmith.
1. John Dryden was an influential 17th century English poet, literary critic, translator and playwright who came to dominate English literary life during the Restoration period.
2. As a critic, Dryden was one of the first in England to use historical analysis and emphasize the importance of native elements in literature rather than blindly following French rules and traditions.
3. While Dryden greatly admired the ancients, he was not a strict follower of classical rules and was more interested in a work being good for its time rather than conforming to preconceived theories of art. Dryden placed criticism on a solid foundation to guide future generations.
Alexander Pope was an 18th century English poet best known for his satirical verse and translation of Homer's works. He was born into a Catholic family at a time when Catholics faced significant legal restrictions. His education ended early due to Pott's disease, but he was a prolific self-educated reader of classical texts. His most famous works included Essay on Criticism, The Rape of the Lock, and translations of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey. Though his religious background and poor health isolated him, Pope was a highly influential poet and considered a master of Neoclassical style during his lifetime.
The document provides an overview of British literature from Anglo-Saxon times through the 20th century. It summarizes key periods and authors, including Beowulf as the earliest work, Chaucer's establishment of English as the literary language, the Renaissance bringing about Elizabethan drama with Marlowe and Shakespeare, Milton's epic Paradise Lost in the 17th century, and the rise of the novel in the 19th century.
This document summarizes the Elizabethan period in England and the characteristics of Elizabethan literature. It discusses Queen Elizabeth I's life and reign, noting that England prospered in the latter half and witnessed great playwrights, poets, and scholars. It then characterizes Elizabethan literature, highlighting the revival of interest in Greek works, abundant literary output, rise of new romanticism, translations, spirit of independence, development of drama and popularity of poetry, as well as advances in prose and the emergence of the novel. The Elizabethan age was considered one of the golden ages of English literature.
John Donne (/ˈdʌn/ dun) (22 January 1572[1] – 31 March 1631) was an English poet and a cleric in the Church of England. He is considered the pre-eminent representative of the metaphysical poets. from Wikipedia
The Augustan Age was a period in English literature from roughly 1700 to 1750. It was named after the Roman emperor Augustus due to its similarities to the Golden Age of Latin literature during Augustus' reign. Writers during this period, like Alexander Pope and Samuel Johnson, followed Neoclassical principles and focused on rules, reason, and wit over emotion. They were influenced by Classical models and wrote in polished, refined styles using forms like satire and the heroic couplet. Prose flourished as well through periodical essays and works of social commentary and early novels by writers like Daniel Defoe and Henry Fielding. Overall, Augustan literature was characterized by its emphasis on order, balance, rationality,
This document summarizes Alexander Pope's essay "An Essay on Criticism". The essay is divided into three parts - the thesis, antithesis, and synthesis. In the first part, Pope discusses what makes a good critic, including having self-knowledge of one's abilities and limits. The second part outlines 12 things that make a bad critic, such as pride, little learning, and basing criticism on an author's social status rather than the work itself. The third part celebrates good critics and advises them to purify themselves of biases and criticize in a constructive way aimed at educating others. Throughout, Pope draws on classical references and the ideas of writer John Dryden.
TYBA, English , Pr. VII, The Romantic Reviaval movement. Prose. Fictional and Nonfictional. Characteristics, major contributors. Essayists and novelist.
Robert Browning was an English poet and playwright born in 1812 in London, England. He wrote dramatic monologues and is considered a master of the form. Browning married fellow poet Elizabeth Barrett in 1846 against her father's wishes and they lived in Italy until her death. Some of Browning's most famous short poems are "Porphyria's Lover" and "My Last Duchess" and his most ambitious work was the long blank verse poem "The Ring and the Book". Browning died in 1889 in Venice, Italy and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
This document provides an overview of 17th century English literature during the Puritan and Restoration periods. It summarizes the major genres of the time, including Puritan poetry divided into the School of Spenser, Metaphysical school, and Cavalier poets. The major dramatists of Jacobean and Caroline drama are also discussed, along with famous prose writers like Bacon, Burton, Milton and Taylor. The document analyzes the work and styles of influential poets, dramatists and prose writers like Donne, Jonson, Milton and others during this period of English literature.
This document provides biographical information about English novelist Henry Fielding and summarizes his most notable works and contributions to the development of the novel form. It notes that Fielding published influential picaresque novels like Joseph Andrews and Tom Jones in the mid-1700s. The document highlights how Fielding established plot construction, characterization techniques, and realistic depictions of common life that helped establish the modern novel. It concludes that Fielding is considered the "father of the English novel" for devising theories that revolutionized the novel genre.
Virginia Woolf's A Room of One's Own is considered a seminal work of feminist literary criticism. In it, Woolf explores the historical, social, and economic barriers faced by women writers. She argues that women needed financial independence and a space of their own to write, as well as access to educational institutions and the ability to step away from traditional gender roles. Woolf also examines how the idealized roles of "The Angel in the House" and the madwoman limited women's self-expression and creativity. The essay considers how these historical constraints impacted the development of women's literary tradition.
Mary Ann Evans, who wrote under the pen name George Eliot, was one of the leading English novelists of the 19th century. She was born in 1819 in Warwickshire and died in 1880. As George Eliot, she wrote seven major novels including Middlemarch, a work of literary realism set in a English provincial town that examines the constraints of marriage.
This document discusses the history and development of Indian English literature. It begins by mentioning Salman Rushdie's quote about literature opening doors to imagination and understanding. It then discusses Sake Dean Mahomet, considered the first Indian to write a book in English in the 18th century. Indian English literature refers to works written in English by Indian authors, and also the Indian diaspora such as Salman Rushdie. Writers like Rabindranath Tagore inspired Indians and his translations helped popularize English. The document goes on to list many influential Indian English authors and their contributions to literature.
Samuel Johnson did not produce any singular great works of criticism but had a significant influence on English criticism through several works including papers in The Rambler, remarks on poetry in Rasselas, and a preface to Shakespeare's plays. Johnson believed that literature is shaped by the era and environment of its author, and that for a work to be excellent it must conform to nature and reason while also pleasing many readers for a long time through its imitation of truth and life.
A Study of Poetry | Critical Essay by Matthew ArnoldMansur Saleem
Matthew Arnold's essay criticizes poetry and criticism. He argues that poetry will provide enduring comfort through its ideas. Arnold proposes evaluating poetry through "real," "historic," and "personal" estimates. The "real estimate" judges poetry objectively based on creative merit, while the "historic estimate" prioritizes historical context over artistic value. The "personal estimate" relies on subjective tastes. Arnold advocates the "touchstone method" of comparing works to classics like Homer, Dante and Shakespeare to assess poetic quality. He analyses various poets like Chaucer, Dryden and Pope through this framework.
The document provides background information on the English Revolution and Restoration period in multiple sections:
1) It outlines the social background of the weakening relationship between the monarchy and bourgeois, and clashes between the King and Parliament that led to the outbreak of the English Revolution.
2) It summarizes the reigns of English monarchs from James I to William III and the Glorious Revolution of 1688.
3) It describes how the English Revolution was carried out under a religious cloak of Puritanism, which aimed to reform manners and liberate man, condemning worldly pleasures.
4) It discusses the literature of the period, including works by John Milton, the Metaphys
The document summarizes the three stages of the Neoclassical Age in English literature: 1) The Restoration Age from 1660-1700 was characterized by the return of theater and urban culture to London after Puritan rule. John Dryden was a major poet and playwright of this period. 2) The Augustan Age from 1700-1750 drew parallels to ancient Rome and emphasized reason and order. Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift were leading satirists. 3) The Age of Sensibility from 1750-1798 saw a turn toward emotion, folk traditions, and the rise of the novel with authors like Samuel Johnson and Oliver Goldsmith.
1. John Dryden was an influential 17th century English poet, literary critic, translator and playwright who came to dominate English literary life during the Restoration period.
2. As a critic, Dryden was one of the first in England to use historical analysis and emphasize the importance of native elements in literature rather than blindly following French rules and traditions.
3. While Dryden greatly admired the ancients, he was not a strict follower of classical rules and was more interested in a work being good for its time rather than conforming to preconceived theories of art. Dryden placed criticism on a solid foundation to guide future generations.
The Neoclassic period in English literature spans from 1660-1785 and includes the Restoration period (1660-1700), the Augustan Age (1700-1745), and the Age of Sensibility (1745-1785). Some key characteristics of this period include the rise of neoclassicism, imitation of ancient Greek and Roman writers, an emphasis on realism and formalism over depth and seriousness, the dominance of satire and verse, and literature focusing on themes of town and city life. Major authors during this period include John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding, and Laurence Sterne.
This document provides background information on 18th century English literature, also known as Augustan literature. It summarizes that this period placed emphasis on classical Greek and Roman models and ideals of reason and order. Major writers of this era such as Alexander Pope and John Dryden imitated classical works through their use of rhyming poetry and satire. Their works reflected the social and political climate of early 18th century England.
The Pre-Romantic period was characterized by a growing appreciation for nature, a focus on emotion and sentimentality through the literature of sensibility, and early interests in humanitarian reform movements. Writers during this time began exploring themes of death, mutability, and melancholy in nature through the Graveyard School of poetry. Additionally, there was a growing democratic attitude and faith in the inherent goodness of human beings.
The Neoclassical period in English literature can be divided into three stages: the Restoration Period, the Augustan Period, and the Age of Johnson. During this time, there was an emphasis on reason, order, structure, and social needs over individual needs. Writers looked to classical models and focused on imitation, nature, and following strict rules. Some prominent writers from each period include John Dryden, Alexander Pope, and Samuel Johnson. Manners and appearances were important, as was controlling natural passions.
This document discusses literary criticism in the 17th-18th centuries by three major critics: John Dryden, Joseph Addison, and Alexander Pope. It provides background on Neoclassicism and its emphasis on reason, order, and imitation of classical works.
For John Dryden, it summarizes his importance as a poet and critic, and his contributions through works like An Essay of Dramatic Poesy which discussed imitation, the three unities, and other literary elements.
For Joseph Addison, it notes his focus on enlightening common readers and emphasizing the "greatness of literature." He viewed ancient critics as superior and aimed to temper wit with morality.
For Alexander Pope, it
The Restoration period in England from 1660-1700 saw the restoration of the monarchy and influence from French styles of writing. John Dryden emerged as the dominant writer of the period. Literature reflected the moral laxity of society through forms like satire, fables, and comedies of manners that focused on city life and fashion. Prose also developed into a clearer modern style during this time of rational inquiry led by writers like Dryden and Bunyan.
Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in the late 18th century and peaked in the early to mid-19th century. It emphasized emotion, imagination, individualism, and a glorification of nature. Some key characteristics included a reaction against classicism and rationalism, a focus on emotion and imagination over reason, and a preference for medieval culture over modernity. The Romantic period in British literature is generally considered 1798-1832, spanning writers like William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and John Keats. Women writers also made important contributions to Romanticism.
Neoclassicism was a return to classical models and values from ancient Greece and Rome between the 17th-18th centuries. It emphasized rationality, order, and moderation. Key figures like John Dryden established English literary criticism. Alexander Pope's Essay on Criticism outlined neoclassical principles. Samuel Johnson's works like Lives of the Poets and Dictionary helped define the English literary canon based on neoclassical ideals of reason and morality.
This document summarizes the Neoclassical period of British literature from the 17th to late 18th centuries. It was characterized by order, accuracy, structure, and adherence to classical models. The period is divided into the Restoration, Augustan, and Age of Johnson stages. Notable writers included Dryden, Pope, Swift, Johnson, and Gibbon. Their works emphasized reason, moral order, and witty styles within strict poetic forms. The era reflected Enlightenment ideals but also saw a transition toward the greater emotion of Romanticism.
The document provides biographical information about English poets John Dryden and Alexander Pope. It discusses Dryden's influential works An Essay of Dramatic Poesy and An Essay of Dramatick Poesie, focusing on the topics and characters debated within. It also summarizes Pope's famous didactic poem An Essay on Criticism, highlighting its structure, themes of criticism and literary ideals, and references to ancient writers. Both Dryden and Pope were major figures of the 17th-18th century neoclassical period in English literature.
The document provides information about English dissertation help services. It discusses the purpose of an English dissertation, which is to deeply analyze topics and concepts in English literature. It also discusses how to choose a topic, focusing on different eras of English literature. Finally, it outlines the structure of a dissertation and provides tips for writing a strong English dissertation.
Romanticism Lecture by Faisal Ahmed_WEEK 1_ENG 409Faisal Ahmed
This video lecture is on the definition, characteristics and causes of Romanticism and a brief but sketchy explanation over Romantic Literature and Romantic Era in English Literature. This lecture is in Week 1 of e-learning for the course Romantic Literature- 2 (ENG 409) at World University of Bangladesh.
Faisal Ahmed
Faculty Member
Department of English
World University of Bangladesh (WUB)
This PPT is based on Presentation of Semester 1 submitted to Department of English, MKBU and topic is Literary Characteristics of the NeoClassical Age.
This document provides an overview of 18th century English literature from 1700-1799. It describes the 18th century as the Age of Reason, Classicism, and Elegance. The novel originated and developed as an important new literary form during this time. While drama was lacking, prominent playwrights included Goldsmith and Sheridan. Poetry followed classical forms and emphasized clarity over suggestion. Prose became the dominant medium and focused on exactness. Some major works from this period included Gulliver's Travels, Robinson Crusoe, Pamela, Tom Jones, and A Dictionary of the English Language.
The document presents an overview of the Neo-classical period in literature by Chandani Pandya of MKBU. It defines the Neo-classical age as occurring in the 18th century and being characterized by order, accuracy, structure and a focus on human nature and reason. The Neo-classical period is divided into three stages: the Restoration period from 1660-1700, the Augustan period from 1700-1750, and the Age of Johnson from 1750-1790, which marked the transition to Romanticism. Popular genres during this time included letters, satire, essays, melodrama and fables.
The document summarizes the Neoclassical period in literature from 1660-1790. It was divided into three stages: the Restoration period from 1660-1700 which saw a dominance of French and classical influences; the Augustan Age which imitated the style of ancient Roman writers like Virgil and Horace; and the Age of Johnson in the mid-1700s. Major writers of the period included John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift, and Daniel Defoe who wrote works like Absalom and Achitophel, The Rape of the Lock, Gulliver's Travels, and Robinson Crusoe. The Neoclassical period was characterized by an emphasis on reason and order as well
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How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
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বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
2. •Neoclassicism was a Western cultural
movement in the decorative and visual arts,
literature, theatre, music, and architecture that
drew inspiration from the art and culture of
classical antiquity.
•The period is called neoclassical because its
writers looked back to the ideals and art forms of
classical times, emphasizing even more than
their Renaissance predecessors the classical
ideals of order and rational control.
3. •Neoclassicism developed with the Enlightenment, a political and
philosophical movement that primarily valued science, reason, and
exploration.
•Also called "The Age of Reason," the Enlightenment was informed
by the skepticism of the noted philosopher René Descartes and the
political philosophy of John Locke as the absolutes of the monarchy.
•religious dogma were fundamentally questioned, and the ideals of
individual liberty, religious tolerance, and constitutional
governments were advanced.
4. •Neoclassical literature was written between 1660 and
1798. This time period is broken down into three parts:
the Restoration period, the Augustan period, and the Age
of Johnson.
•Writers of the Neoclassical period tried to imitate the
style of the Romans and Greeks.
5. Also called the age of Prose and
Reason_
Literature of the age is concerned
with “nature"human nature,
Supremacy of reason.
• Unity in the works of all writes.
• The age is known as classical age.
6. The term “the
Augustan age “ comes
from the self conscious
imitation of the original
Augustan writers,
Virgil, and Horace by
many of the writers of
the
period.
7. •The major writers of the age were Pope and John
Dryden
•in poetry and Jonathan Swift and Joseph Addition in
prose.
• Dryden forms the link between restoration and
Augustan literature.
•The Neoclassical period of literature can be divided
into three distinct stages: the Restoration Period, the
Augustan Period, and the Age of Johnson.
8. This period marks the British
king’srestoration to the throne
after a long period of Puritan
domination in England. Its
symptoms include the
dominance of French
and Classical influences on
poetry and
drama.
9. FAMOUS WRITERS IN THE PERIOD
John Dryden, Samuel Johnson, John
Milton, Sir William Temple, John
Locke, Johnathan Swift, Joseh
Addison, Samuel Johnson, Thomas
Gray
10. The Neoclassical era in literature brought a
sense of decorum and stability to writers. There
were rules to be carefully followed, and there
was a structure of writing to be upheld. People
praised wit and parody, as well.
11. It is the first great age of
literary criticism, where
essays on the virtues (and
weaknesses) of authors and
biographies of major figures
begin to dominate.
13. JOHN DRYDEN (1631 – 1700)
John Dryden is rightly considered as “the father of
English Criticism”. He was the first to teach the English
people to determine the merit of composition upon
principles. With Dryden, a new era of criticism began.
Before, Dryden, there were only occasional utterances
on the critical art. (Eg. Ben Jonson and Philip Sidney)
14. Except An Essay of Dramatic Poesy,
Dryden wrote no formal treatise on
criticism. His critical views are found
mostly in the prefaces to his poetical
works or to those of others.
15. Nature of Poetry:
Dryden upholds Aristotle’s
definition of poetry as a
process of imitation. It
imitates facts past or present,
popular beliefs, superstitions
and things in their ideal form.
16. Function of Poetry:
The final end of poetry, according to Dryden is delight
and transport rather than instruction. To realize it, it
does not merely imitate life, but offers its own of it – ‘a
beautiful resemblance of the whole’.
. The poet is neither a teacher nor a bare imitator – a
photographer – but a creator. He is one who, with life or
nature as his raw material, produces a new thing
altogether, resembling the original in its basis but
different from it in the super structure – a work of art
rather than a copy.
18. Dryden- the critic
• Dr. Johnson in the lives of the English poets
calls Dryden the father of English criticism.
• He says,
“Dryden may be properly considered as the
father of English criticism, as the writer who
first taught us to determine upon principles
the merit of composition”.
19. First English critic to make use of
historical criticism
• He regarded literature as a mirror to society,
reflecting the characteristics of that age. Literature
changes with age and place.
• Best contribution lies in the modification of ancient
doctrines in the light of modernity.
20. • There was a perfect fusion of critic and an artist in
him.
• He appreciates Shakespeare and Jonson in His Essay
of Dramatic Poesy (1669), and studies Chaucer in
his Preface to the Fables. (1700)
21. How and what he wrote//
• Dryden’s principal critic work is his Essay of
Dramatic Poesy, though his critical
observations are also found in the prefaces
to several of his works, especially in the
Preface to the Fables.
22. Critical piece
• The Essay of Dramatic Poesy establishes him
as the first historical critic, first comparative
critic, first descriptive critic, and the
Independent English critic.
• The Essay of Dramatic Poesy is developed in
the form of dialogues amongst four
interlocutors representing four different
literatures or literary ages.
23. • He intended to lay down the theory of drama and to
judge how far the Greek, Latin an French dramatists
who were held to be superior could withstand his
test.
• He tests if these dramas were truly superior to
English dramatists or mistakenly taken so.
24. Type of criticism was...?
• In this way he (Dryden) develops historical,
comparative, and descriptive forms of
criticism, and finally gives his own
independent views through the replies of
Neander.
25. Situation in the Treatise
• On the day that the English fleet encounters the
Dutch at sea near the mouth of the Thames, the
four friends take a barge downriver towards the
noise from the battle. Rightly concluding, as the
noise subsides, that the English have triumphed,
they order the bargeman to row them back upriver
as they begin a dialogue on the advances made by
modern civilization. They agree to measure progress
by comparing ancient arts with modern, focusing
specifically on the art of drama (or "dramatic
poesy").
26. The Four INTERLOCUTORS!!!
• The four interlocutors are:
• 1. CRITES speakers for the ancient dramatists
• 2. LISIDEIUS speaks for the French.
• 3. EUGENIUS speaks for the English literature of
the ‘last age.’
• 4. NEANDER speaks for England and liberty.
27. Crites-
• Spokesman for the ancients
• Establish superiority of ancient dramatists on
moderns based on
• Founders of dramatic genre
• Highly esteemed position in Greece
• Natural and real in nature
• Modern dramas follo the rules of the ancients
• Three dramatic unities
• Language, style,literary devices and figures of speech
• Moderns are imitators of ancients
28. Eugenius-
• Defends moderns
• Improved the rules and practices of the ancients
• Ancients had defects
• Plots and characters of comedy of ancients were stock
• Dramatic unities not observed by ancients
• Excess of speech than action
• Lacks poetic justice.
• If ancients had lived in the time of th e moderns they
woyld have supported them too
29. Lisideius-
• Represents the French dramatists
• French drama superior to modern and ancient
drama
• Superior to ancients and moderns in observing the
three dramatic unities
• They wrote either tragedies/ comedies and not
absolute tragi-comedies
• Derived plots from incidents popular with the masses
• Narrative skill is superb
• Plot development-more logical and natural
• Uses beautiful rhymes and not BLANK VERSE!
30. Neander-
• Defends England and Liberty
• Superiority of English Dramatists over French
• English drama-natural, French Drama- artificial
• Defends the practice of writing tragi-comedies
• Had a variety of tastes and themes
• Large number of different characters are introduced
• Violence on stage and its representation on stage
• If English dramatists show too much violence on stage,
the French show too little of it
• French dramatists too bound with the rules, while
English dramatists enjoy freedom
31. Neander/Dryden’s appreciation
• Appreciates Shakespeare as the best dramatist
• Hails Ben Jonson as the “most learned and
judicious dramatist.”
• Beaumont and Fletcher’s plots were more
regular than than of Shakespeare’s.
• He also takes up the controversy of blank verse.
He supports rhyming verse. He says that blank
verse is not poetry but poetic prose which had
to bes used only in serious plays.
32. Dryden’s views!
• He respects the ancient Greek and Roman
principles but he refuses to adhere to them
slavishly, especially in respect of
• Tragi-comedy and observance of the three
Dramatic Unities. Thus Dryden began a
great regular era of criticism, and showed
the way to his countrymen how to be great
as creative authors as well as critical
evaluators and what makes great literature.
Thus he is indeed the “Father of English
Criticism.”
33. Criticism
• According to Dryden, a critic has to understand that
a writer writes to his own age and people of which
he himself is a product. He advocates a close study
of the ancient models not to imitate them blindly as
a thorough going neo-classicist would do but to
recapture their magic to treat them as a torch to
enlighten our own passage. It is the spirit of the
classics that matters more than their rules.
34. • Dryden mentions the appropriate rules laid
down by Aristotle. But it is not the
observance of rules that makes a work great
but its capacity to delight and transport. It is
not the business of criticism to detect petty
faults but to discover those great beauties
that make it immortal.
35. Reinstating Dryden’s views...
• In general, English literary criticism before
Dryden was ill-organized and heavily leaning
on ancient Greek and Roman, and more recent
Italian and French, criticism.
• It had no identity or even life of its own.
Moreover, an overwhelming proportion of it
was criticism of the legislative, and little of it
that of the descriptive, kind.
• Dryden evolved and articulated an impressive
body of critical principles for practical literary
appreciation and offered good examples of
descriptive criticism himself.
36. Concluding
• It was said of Augustus that he found Rome
brick and left it marble.
• With still more justice we could say that
Dryden found English literary criticism
"brick" and left it "marble."