Science 7 - LAND and SEA BREEZE and its Characteristics
Literature present 1 glen
1. Why We Study Literature?
What is literature?
Literature is a permanent
expression in words of some
thought or feeling or ideas
about life and the world
2. Kind of Literature
Verse literature : Wordsworth ; Upon
Westminster Bridge
Prose literature : London
3. Differences of Literature
Literature is writing which expresses and
communicates thoughts, feeling and attitudes
towards life.
- What about advertisement?
- journalist
- novelist
4. Good or Bad Literature
Creative literature
Serious literature
Imaginative literature
5. Good or Bad Literature
Most of the literature produced in the world is
mediocre, some is bad, some is good and a very
very little is good.
6. Good Literature
Psychology truth or holding the mirror up to nature
Technical skill or craftsmanship
Originality
Consciousness of moral value
7. Literature can be
helpful to the foreign
student or visitor who
wishes to learn
something about a
particular region, and
to understand how
human character and
emotion are
influenced by natural
surroundings.
8. Most of the world’s greatest literature can only
be enjoyed fully after repeated reading and
much thought.
Some books are to be
tasted, others to be
swallowed, and some few to
be chewed and digested.
Francis Bacon
9. Reasons why students study literature:
To appear ‘cultured’ or ‘well read’
To pass an examination
Trains students to pay attention to printed words and
think deeply about the meaning of what is written
To enjoy oneself
To make oneself a better person
11. The total knowledge of life which any one
person can get through his own experience
is extremely small. Through literature he
can use the experience of other people as
well, so becoming what Bacon called ‘a full
man’ – tolerant, understanding and perhaps
even wise.
Literature helps us toward a better
understanding of ourselves and our fellow
human beings so the phrase ‘Humanities’ is
used
12. Studying literature can lead to 2 dangers:
The habit of thinking too much about the
literature of the past
It often takes a century or more to judge what
position any piece of literature is
The books that ‘stood the test of time’ are now
accepted as ‘great’
The habit of spending too much time with
‘books about books’, and not enough with
original books
However, if we do not have time or skill to read a
whole book, a shorten or simplified version is fine
Books about books do not make us lazy to read the
original books, instead, they encourage us to do so
13. English Literature : an introduction for Foreign Readers
R.J. Rees
Chapter 2:
Ballad, Epic and Other Narrative Poetry
p.20-35
14. A ballad is a poem or song that tells a story in
short stanzas and was originally a musical
accompaniment to a dance.
Clerk Saunders
Child ballad collected 69/305
Source:
www.bartleby.com/101/371.html
15. Most compose in dialect , many strange words, but it’s
adds to their charm because:
Don’t compare poetic-value of Ballad with
sophisticated poetry because Ballads have a
strange poetic quality of their own
It is a narrative
poem.
It tells story
16. Characteristics
unknown authorship, Particular poetry and
song of the British Isles
passed on orally from one generation to the
next
language use: Middle English to Early
Modern English
Themes & subjects
- Sex & Violence
- Supernatural: Ghost, Magic, witchcraft,
superstition
- Tragic
- Historical
- Romantic
- Comic
Best Ballads came from Northern England &
Southern Scotland
17. Popular subjects
Sex and Violence
Children throw from castle walls
on to the sharp spears of
besieging soldiers (Edom 0’
Gordon)
Guilty lovers surprised in their
beds and bloodily murdered
Women who poison their
husbands and sell their children
Men butchered in family
quarrels and left on the road to
be eaten by dogs and crows
Girls seduced and cruelly
murdered
18. Examples
Edom 0’ Gordon (1571)
from Child ballad collection 178/305
A terrible story of Gordon’s
attack on the castle of the
Rodes while only his wife and
her small children are at the
castle.
->She will not surrender.
->Gordon sets fire.
->The little girl is frightened by
the flame and smoke and begs
her mom to wrap her up in
sheets and throw her over the
castle wall
->but Gordon raise the point of
Spear to pierce her to death
19. Examples of
violence
Hugh of Lincoln
Edom 0’ Gordon
Examples of supernatural
the return of the dead to claim the love
one
Clerk Saunders – Child ballad collected 69/305
The daemon lover -Child ballad collected
243/305
Wife of Usher’s Well -Child ballad
collected79/305
Examples of historical, romantic, hero
Robin Hood -Child ballad collected 38/305
Less tragic and more humorous which is attractive to
young readers
20. Balladwillnever ever die!
Unknown author: traditional ballad Medieval English till 15th Century
- collected by Francis James Child
known author: with traditional ballad style
-Ballad of reading Goal by Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)
-Barrack Room ballads by Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936)
- Victor and Miss Gee by W.H Auden (1907- 1973)
Modern Ballad - Present Century
-The 1960s pop groups made ballad famous with slow sentimental and
romantic songs
- Passing from person to person by word of mouth, not by the
printed page.
- Every life and the news of the day are popular subjects.
Strong characters
21. Tell a Story - in a very direct manner, and do not have to
be about love at all.
Use Imagery - Ballads often use vivid and expressive
imagery in a detached manner to relay the tale.
Put to Music - A prominent characteristic of ballads is that
they can often easily be put to music.
For example: Modern Ballad
•UnchainedMelody by theRighteous Brothers
•I Can'tHelp Falling in Love With You by Elvis Presley
•God Must Have Spent A Little More TimeOn You by Nsync
•Candle inthe Wind by Elton John
•Faithfully by Journey
•Hard to SayI'm Sorryby Chicago
•More ThanA Feeling byBoston
•bridge Over TroubledWater by Simon and Garfunkel
23. What is an epic?
The great Epic
poets
It is a poem like Virgil-Aeneid and Milton-
paradise lost
1908
-
1974
70B
C-
19B
C
24. Balla
d EPIC
Born in a quiet, country
place
•Simple form
• Has stayed there
• simple story
•Keep all the charm of
her natural simplicity
• Add melody to live
Heroic Poetry
(Folk)•Gone to larger city – Longer journey, many adventurous, war-like
•Meet news people – Having more characters, a background of Gods,
Spirits who join in action from time to time
• still keeps proud of Nationalistic and Tribal feeling, Also is in sense
public poetry . Change in talking style – Have the line rather than
stanza which epic use elaborate and formal language
Diff Grow to
25.
26.
27. Characteristics
Long poem
about the doing of one or more characters from history or legend
Themes & subjects
- Hero
- involve a large number of secondary character eg. Heros’ Assistants
- War-like
- God and Spirit joining in the action from time to time
- story line is digressions and description
High seriousness of poets : high sense of duty and dedication =>
politician, religious. Paradise lost reflects Milton religion and
philosophy; language use is difficult
The poet is not only writing to express his own thoughts and feelings but
represent large group or community like
- Dante in Divine comedy =>Medieval Christianity
- Milton for English & European Protestantism
28. after Milton………….. EPIC began to die !
Hero
Achilles, Agamemnon, Hector or Odysseus represented the
highest ideals of the Greek culture => These great heroes of
traditional epic poetry were once identified with their respective
national cultures.
29. EPIC began to die ! after Milton
to write an epic poem, MUST
> begin with an ‘Invocation’ to either a God or a Muse.
> use the epic or Homeric simile. "like a __ when it ____."
> be a description of athletic contest or games, either in
commemoration of a dead hero or in celebration of a great victory.
> mentioned a long and dangerous journey undertaken by the hero
Convention Style
is digressions (a section of a composition or speech that is an intentional change of subject)
exploits, partly historical and partly legendary, of Gods and heroes.
These great heroes of traditional epic poetry were once identified with their respective national cultures. For example, Achilles, Agamemnon, Hector or Odysseus represented the highest ideals of the Greek culture,
The modern age is not an age of heroism and heroes
Nobility and grandeur have waned out.
Thus
An epic without a hero or without a message of heroism is an impossibility;
the modern age can not, thus, make room for an epic
the modern age is an age of artistic freedom. Modern writers have never been pinned by conventions.
Modern literature is endlessly involved in innovations in form and technique.
But to be an epic poet one has to be tied down to conventions.
For an epic poet would have to consciously conform to those forms and conventions which are age old.
For instance, in order to write an epic poem,
one must begin with an ‘Invocation’ to either a God or a Muse.
The epic poet must also use the epic or Homeric simile.
There must also be a description of some kind of athletic contest or games, either in commemoration of a dead hero or in celebration of a great victory. Mention must also be made of a long and dangerous journey undertaken by the hero while the poem must begin in medias yes, in the middle of the action.
For a modern poet, to be clamped down to these essentials and stylistic conventions is to lose his artistic freedom and hence the interest in an epic poem is no longer generates in the 20th century literature.
It should be mentioned that with the tremendous pressure of speed, materialism, and also because the mass escalation of electronic media, modern life is much more demanding upon the time at the disposed of modern men.