The document discusses the history and development of the English language in India. It covers: - The 1960 order designating Hindi as the official language and subsequent anti-Hindi riots in the 1960s. English continued as an official language. - The three language formula was established with mother tongue, Hindi, and English as compulsory subjects in schools. - Institutions were established to teach English such as ELTI in Allahabad and CIEFL in Hyderabad to move away from grammar translation and towards more direct methods. - The national policy on education and curriculum development center was formed in 1989 to address the role and teaching of English in India.

1. ENGLISH IN INDIA
Part II

2. OFFICIAL LANGUAGE COMMISSION
• 1960 order: “Hindi would be the language of Union public service
commission and high court language”
• Non-Hindi Speaker’s Riot (DMK, Kamaraj)
• 1965 anti-Hindi Riots
• Lal Bhagadur sastri said English can be used as long as they want
• English continued to be Official, Associate Language
• National Integration conference:
• English Language may be used in addition to hindi in all official,.....
• Shall

3. • Three Language Formula
• Mother Tongue or regional
• Hindi or any other Indian languages in Hindi speaking areas
• English
• Kothari Comission = 10+2+3
• Dilemma that foreign language can’t be medium of instruction
• At the same time non-hindi people react
• English should be continued to be library language
• Regional language should be official language of region

4. ELT IN INDIA
• Grammar Translation vs Direct Method
• Structural method
• ELTI was established in Allahabad in 1954
• CIEFL in Hydrabad
• Regional Institute of English in Bangalore (south)
• Lang-Lit Controversy
• Departments were divided Cells for language and Prison for
Literature

5. • American Lit
• Common Wealth
• Indian English Literature
• National Policy on Education , Curriculum development
Center (1989)

6. GLOBALIZATION PHASE (ENGLISH TODAY)
• Regional Variety of English
• English is more of a street or office language than home
language
• David Crystal’s English as a Global Language (1957)
• Some people use English as first language (L1)
• Some people use ENGLISH as Second Language (L2)
• Some people trying to learn and use English (China, Japan,
Russia,etc.)

7. VARIETIES OF ENGLISH
• Regional differences and dialects in Indian English
• Maliali English, Tamilian English, Pajabi English, Bengali English,
Hindi English, to “Standard Indian English”
• Sub-standard varieties: Butler English, Bearer English, Baboo English,
Bazaar English, Kitchen English, Cantonment English
• Code-Mixing
• English as State language in Nagaland and Meghalaya.
• English is nor included in 22 recognized Languages of India
• Is there anything called Indian English ???

8. BRAJ B KACHRU
Three Circles of the English
Family

9. • EFL, ESL, and TESOL
• Grateful for British for teaching English
• Abolishment of English Department
• Achebe
• Lordship Register :
• “your most humble servant” “I humbly request your honour” “your
Lordship has written” “your honour will be pleased to know”
• Bureaucratic REGISTER :
• I beg to inform the ladies and Gentleman, Publics are hereby informed ,
honoured and dear sir,

10. • Stabilization of English
• English Officials were addressed:
• “honoured and dear sir” “we humbly desire” “will you kindly send” “you are
requested to appear” “hoping you will live long”
• World Englishes