The document provides information on COVID-19 and ways to protect against it. It discusses what coronaviruses are, details of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, how the disease spreads via respiratory droplets, those most at risk like the elderly and those with pre-existing conditions, common symptoms like fever and cough, and the importance of practices like hand washing, social distancing, and masks to prevent transmission. It aims to fight misinformation by providing an authentic resource on understanding the pandemic and staying safe.
“You can download this product from SlideTeam.net”
Spread awareness about the pandemic using the impressive visuals of our Corona Virus Disease 19 Powerpoint Presentation Slides. The easy-to-follow content of coronavirus PPT theme assists you to convey information to the audience of all ages, shapes, and sizes. This COVID 19 PowerPoint slideshow will help you explain the age risk factors, symptoms, and prevention methods concisely. Impactful data visualization tools like infographics in this novel coronavirus pneumonia PPT template enables you to effortlessly demonstrate sophisticated data. Compare the spread, incubation rate of coronavirus against other pandemics, and portray mortality rate through this corona PowerPoint presentation. Present crucial information like how long the virus lasts on different surfaces, and risk factors through this COVID PPT slideshow. Our 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease PowerPoint theme helps you to illustrate the outbreak of the pandemic continent-wise. Download severe pneumonia with novel pathogens PPT template to explain crucial information related to the pandemic like effects on the stock market. https://bit.ly/3IN6j4F
COVID-19 I Coronavirus Disease I Harshit JadavHarshit Jadav
This presentation highlights all the basic information regarding the current pandemic COVID-19.
This presentation includes an introduction, recent stats, the structure of coronavirus, pathogenesis of coronavirus, diagnosis, treatment and preventive measures of COVID-19
“You can download this product from SlideTeam.net”
Spread awareness about the pandemic using the impressive visuals of our Corona Virus Disease 19 Powerpoint Presentation Slides. The easy-to-follow content of coronavirus PPT theme assists you to convey information to the audience of all ages, shapes, and sizes. This COVID 19 PowerPoint slideshow will help you explain the age risk factors, symptoms, and prevention methods concisely. Impactful data visualization tools like infographics in this novel coronavirus pneumonia PPT template enables you to effortlessly demonstrate sophisticated data. Compare the spread, incubation rate of coronavirus against other pandemics, and portray mortality rate through this corona PowerPoint presentation. Present crucial information like how long the virus lasts on different surfaces, and risk factors through this COVID PPT slideshow. Our 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease PowerPoint theme helps you to illustrate the outbreak of the pandemic continent-wise. Download severe pneumonia with novel pathogens PPT template to explain crucial information related to the pandemic like effects on the stock market. https://bit.ly/3IN6j4F
COVID-19 I Coronavirus Disease I Harshit JadavHarshit Jadav
This presentation highlights all the basic information regarding the current pandemic COVID-19.
This presentation includes an introduction, recent stats, the structure of coronavirus, pathogenesis of coronavirus, diagnosis, treatment and preventive measures of COVID-19
Rekha Dehariya (M.Sc nursing 1st year) Bhopal Nursing College, Bhopal
Covid -19 has effected broud number of people all over the world. the health education is necessary to aware people about it.
Hello, this presentation is put together to gain general insight about the coronavirus disease (Covid-19) spread across the globe with graphical images, texts and information.
A coronavirus is a kind of common virus that causes an infection in your nose, sinuses, or upper throat. Most coronaviruses aren't dangerous.
In early 2020, after a December 2019 outbreak in China, the World Health Organization identified SARS-CoV-2 as a new type of coronavirus. The outbreak quickly spread around the world.
corona virus , a group of RNA viruses, covid 19 affects people in different ways. most infected people will develop mild to moderate illness and recover without hospitalization.
COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), previously known as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), a strain of coronavirus. The first cases were seen in Wuhan, China in December 2019 before spreading globally. The current outbreak was recognized as a pandemic on 11 March 2020.
The non-specific imaging findings are most commonly of atypical or organizing pneumonia, often with a bilateral, peripheral, and basal predominant distribution. No effective treatment or vaccine exists currently (March 2020).
this presentation is prepared with the intention to create an insight about coronavirus among the undergraduate medical students in their pre and para clinical years
INTRODUCTION OF COVID-19, ORIGIN OF COVID-19, STRUCTURE OF COVID-19, CAUSES OF CORON VIRUS, SYMPTOMS OF COVID-19, TYPICAL SYMPTOMS OF COVID-19, MODE OF TRANSMISSION, PEOPLE WHI ARE AT HIGHER RISK, WHY COVID-19 IS SAID T BE AS THE PANDEMIC BY WHO?, PREVENTION, WHAT TO DO, WHAT NOT TO DO, MYTHS AND FACTS OF COVID-19 SPREADING, SOME OTHER CONSEQUENCES OF COVID-19, MOST IMPORTANT POINTS OF COVID-19, COVID-19 VACCINES INTRODUCTION, TYPES OF VACCINES , COVAXIN, COVISHIELD, COVID VACCINE REGISTERATION, WHO CAN REGISTER, WHO SHOULDNT TAKE VACCINE SHOTS, STEP BY STEP GUIDE FOR REGISTERATION, COMPARISON BETWEEN COVAXIN AND COVISHIELD,
Coronavirus Disease, officially named as COVID-19, started as an epidemic in a live animal market in Wuhan, China, and spread throughout the world at an alarming rate. It was declared a pandemic by WHO on 11th March, 2020. The virus causing the disease was initially named 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), but later officially renamed by WHO as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus is related to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV that caused epidemics in China and Saudi Arabia in 2002 and 2012, respectively. The virus primarily affects the lungs, and causes death in a small proportion of patients due to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). The data on this new disease is very early, and might change as new data emerges.
Disclaimer: The images used in this presentation do not belong to me.
Everything we need to know about COVID-19PrincessExtra
These slides is uploaded for information and as a partial requirement of Philippine Women's University in Master of Nursing (MAN); Subject: Nursing Practicum
Rekha Dehariya (M.Sc nursing 1st year) Bhopal Nursing College, Bhopal
Covid -19 has effected broud number of people all over the world. the health education is necessary to aware people about it.
Hello, this presentation is put together to gain general insight about the coronavirus disease (Covid-19) spread across the globe with graphical images, texts and information.
A coronavirus is a kind of common virus that causes an infection in your nose, sinuses, or upper throat. Most coronaviruses aren't dangerous.
In early 2020, after a December 2019 outbreak in China, the World Health Organization identified SARS-CoV-2 as a new type of coronavirus. The outbreak quickly spread around the world.
corona virus , a group of RNA viruses, covid 19 affects people in different ways. most infected people will develop mild to moderate illness and recover without hospitalization.
COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), previously known as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), a strain of coronavirus. The first cases were seen in Wuhan, China in December 2019 before spreading globally. The current outbreak was recognized as a pandemic on 11 March 2020.
The non-specific imaging findings are most commonly of atypical or organizing pneumonia, often with a bilateral, peripheral, and basal predominant distribution. No effective treatment or vaccine exists currently (March 2020).
this presentation is prepared with the intention to create an insight about coronavirus among the undergraduate medical students in their pre and para clinical years
INTRODUCTION OF COVID-19, ORIGIN OF COVID-19, STRUCTURE OF COVID-19, CAUSES OF CORON VIRUS, SYMPTOMS OF COVID-19, TYPICAL SYMPTOMS OF COVID-19, MODE OF TRANSMISSION, PEOPLE WHI ARE AT HIGHER RISK, WHY COVID-19 IS SAID T BE AS THE PANDEMIC BY WHO?, PREVENTION, WHAT TO DO, WHAT NOT TO DO, MYTHS AND FACTS OF COVID-19 SPREADING, SOME OTHER CONSEQUENCES OF COVID-19, MOST IMPORTANT POINTS OF COVID-19, COVID-19 VACCINES INTRODUCTION, TYPES OF VACCINES , COVAXIN, COVISHIELD, COVID VACCINE REGISTERATION, WHO CAN REGISTER, WHO SHOULDNT TAKE VACCINE SHOTS, STEP BY STEP GUIDE FOR REGISTERATION, COMPARISON BETWEEN COVAXIN AND COVISHIELD,
Coronavirus Disease, officially named as COVID-19, started as an epidemic in a live animal market in Wuhan, China, and spread throughout the world at an alarming rate. It was declared a pandemic by WHO on 11th March, 2020. The virus causing the disease was initially named 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), but later officially renamed by WHO as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus is related to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV that caused epidemics in China and Saudi Arabia in 2002 and 2012, respectively. The virus primarily affects the lungs, and causes death in a small proportion of patients due to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). The data on this new disease is very early, and might change as new data emerges.
Disclaimer: The images used in this presentation do not belong to me.
Everything we need to know about COVID-19PrincessExtra
These slides is uploaded for information and as a partial requirement of Philippine Women's University in Master of Nursing (MAN); Subject: Nursing Practicum
The whole world is under the threatens of respiratory disease caused by infections of coronavirus. The latest threat to global health is the ongoing outbreak of the respiratory disease that was recently given the name Coronavirus Disease This article trying to focus on the current outbreak of and explores the epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, and prevention and control of the novel coronavirus. The aim of this article to provide valid and reliable information and increasing awareness about the COVID 19. Sameer Pawar | Sayali Budhwant | Ketan Shinde | Ashwini Sable "COVID-19: A Scoping Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30567.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/30567/covid19-a-scoping-review/sameer-pawar
Complete information about Corona virusjyotsnabiswas
As the coronavirus continues to spread across the world, and as more and more people become infected by the Covid-19 disease, it can be difficult to know what to do. Yet many experts suggest that this could be the opportunity to make a real impression. If you believe in being proactive and tend to have a positive attitude in normal life, what opportunities should you be looking for now, when the pressure is on?
Before March 2020, many people saw pandemics as a thing of the past. Then came COVID-19. Scientists still do not know exactly where the virus that caused it — SARS-CoV-2 — came from, but it soon reached almost every country worldwide. Over 2 years, the virus has evolved, producing several variants. In this Special Feature, we look at the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and ask what lessons scientists have learned.
PinterestAlthough having two glasses of wine may seem innocuous, experts say some leading brands contain more sugar than recommended. Peter Meade/Getty Images
• Two glasses of some wines contain more than the recommended daily limit of sugar and more calories than a hamburger.
• However, alcohol is exempt from food and drink labeling rules, so consumers are mostly unaware of calorie and sugar loads.
• Health experts are pushing for clear nutritional labeling on alcoholic products to help reduce sugar and alcohol consumption.
The Alcohol Health Alliance UK (AHA), representing over 60 health organizations, recently commissioned an independent laboratory to test 30 bottles of red, rose, white, sparkling, and fruit wines sold in the United Kingdom for sugar content.
The resulting analysis, which appears on the AHA’s website, revealed a “wide variation of sugar and calories between products.”
Before March 2020, many people saw pandemics as a thing of the past. Then came COVID-19. Scientists still do not know exactly where the virus that caused it — SARS-CoV-2 — came from, but it soon reached almost every country worldwide. Over 2 years, the virus has evolved, producing several variants. In this Special Feature, we look at the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and ask what lessons scientists have learned.
Corona viruses are a group of RNA viruses. In late December 2019, Patients with pneumonia with unknown etiology was get admitted in health care facilities in Wuhan, China, and resulted in a pandemic disease which affected more than 200 countries and responsible for 182,989 deaths world wide. The disease is officially named as Coronavirus Disease 2019 COVID 19, by WHO on February 11, 2020 . COVID 19 is a potential zoonotic disease with low to moderate estimated 2 -5 mortality rate. Currently, there is no definite treatment for COVID 19 although some trials are under investigation. Hence, appropriate use of PPE, regular hand hygiene, Respiratory and cough etiquettes, social distancing are some key elements to prevent the spread of disease. Ms. Pabalpreet Kaur | Ms. Eenu | Ms. Pooja Jaswal | Dr. (Mrs.) Jyoti Sarin "The Outbreak of COVID-19: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30859.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/30859/the-outbreak-of-covid19-an-overview/ms-pabalpreet-kaur
Advanced age, having comorbidities, and vitamin D deficiency are three most important reasons for increased vulnerability to COVID-19 and also worsen complications and increase the risk of death. Despite the vast amount of information available and lessons learned, many countries are still not fully utilizing these to manage secondary peaks of COVID-19 infection. Factors associated with worse COVID-19 prognosis include, older age, ethnicity, male sex, having comorbidities, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking; all these are associate with vitamin D deficiency. COVID-19 symptomatology varies from mostly asymptomatic, to, up to 2% fatality.
Advanced age, having comorbidities, and vitamin D deficiency are three most important reasons for increased vulnerability to COVID-19 and also worsen complications and increase the risk of death.
Despite the vast amount of information available and lessons learned, many countries are still not fully utilizing these to manage secondary peaks of COVID-19 infection. Factors associated with worse COVID-19 prognosis include, older age, ethnicity, male sex, having comorbidities, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking; all these are associate with vitamin D deficiency. COVID-19 symptomatology varies from
mostly asymptomatic, to, up to 2% fatality. The latter is characterized by cytokine storm, an immune reaction, diffuse arterial thromboembolism, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary oedema,and death.
Coronaviruses are important human and animal pathogens. At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus was identified as the cause of a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, in the Hubei Province of China. It is rapidly spreading, resulting in an epidemic throughout china, followed by an increasing number of cases in other countries throughout the world. In February 2020, the WHO designated the disease COVID 19, which stands for corona viruses 2019. The virus that causes COVID 19 is designated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS COV 2 previously, it was referred to as 2019 nCoV. Anushka Bharti | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandul "COVID-19" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46439.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/46439/covid19/anushka-bharti
Similarities and Differences between the New Coronavirus Infectious 2019 COVI...ijtsrd
From late fall to winter of 2020, the further challenge of medical care for thetwindemic of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 COVID 19 and seasonal influenza is imminent. The key to that is the ability of family doctors to protect the front lines of community medicine. It is difficult not only for patients but also for doctors to distinguish COVID 19 from seasonal flu only based on initial symptoms such as fever and malaise. Every year, patients with suspected seasonal flu are tested and, if positive, are treated with influenza drugs. However, due to the expansion of COVID 19, tests using a nasopharyngeal swab have a high risk of droplet infection. In this review, we would like to discuss the clinical similarities and differences between COVID 19 and seasonal influenza, including new findings.The coronavirus infectious disease 2019 COVID 19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of COVID 19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS CoV 2 1 .The outbreak was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China 2,3 .The World Health Organization WHO declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30January 2020 and a pandemic on 11March 2020 4,5 .As of 30 August 2020,more than 25million cases of COVID 19 have been reported in more than 188 countries and territories, resulting in more than 843,000 deaths more than 16.4million people have recovered 6 .The WHO has published a report summarizing the differences between the COVID 19 and influenza 7 . Takuma Hayashi | Ikuo Konishi "Similarities and Differences between the New Coronavirus Infectious 2019 (COVID-19) and Seasonal Influenza" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33370.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/33370/similarities-and-differences-between-the-new-coronavirus-infectious-2019-covid19-and-seasonal-influenza/takuma-hayashi
Here you will find: Fundamental information about Coronavirus or Covid-19. Facts and figures. Growth of the virus. Preventation from Corona Virus. Future protection against Covid-19.
COVID-19 is a virus caused by acute respiratory syndrome and also known as novel coronavirus or SARS, which was first discovered in late December 2019. It is an RNA virus that is related to influenza (H1N1) and can cause major respiratory issues in affected people. Diagnoses can vary depending on the type of infection and the severity of symptoms may be similar to other viral and bacterial infections.
The Corona virus pandemic has costed a lot of lives through out the world.
Here are some in formations about what is known so far.
It includes cause, Spread, Signs and Symptoms.
it also has the ongoing myths about corona virus.
This presentation showed the impact and the challenges of facing COVID-19 Pandemic and how the world becomes morbid, while the healthcare workforce tries to flatten the "curve".
STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE OF GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS REGARDING...Kailash Nagar
STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE OF GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS REGARDING ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPER ACTIVITY DISORDER IN SELECTED GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL OF NADIAD CITY”
Comparative Study of Teaching Approach Nursing Simulation Vs Group Discussion...Kailash Nagar
Comparative Study of Teaching Approach Nursing Simulation Vs Group Discussion on Respiratory Assessment in Terms of Knowledge and Critical Thinking Abilities Among Nursing Students
Perception and Behavioural Outcome towards COVID-19 Vaccine among Students an...Kailash Nagar
ntroduction: Perception and behaviour towards corona vaccine among peoples in India was poor due to some side effects and negative media publicity in primary phases of vaccination. India has developed two types of vaccine (Covaxin and Covishield). During primary phase of corona vaccine we don’t have appropriate research and literature, about side effects and how far vaccine is reliable that why due so some minor side effect and negative media publicity peoples are very scared to take vaccine. So few peoples were started denial get vaccinated. The researcher wan to explore the positivity through the research result to reduce the negative mindset of the peoples toward corona vaccine, Because in India few peoples has fear to take vaccine against corona due to negative media publicity and scared of side effect.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
1. The Pandemic Notebook
A handy guide from The Hindu on understanding the coronavirus
pandemic and staying protected against COVID-19
WRITERS EDITED BY
R. Prasad
Bindu Shajan Perappadan
Jyoti Shelar
Jacob Koshy
P.J. George
2. Introduction 1
What are coronaviruses? 2
A closer look at SARS-CoV-2 3
High transmissibility 5
Spike structure 5
Genome sequencing 5
Understanding the disease 7
How does the disease spread? 7
Who is affected? 7
What are the symptoms? 9
How can it be detected? 9
What is the treatment? 9
Can a vaccine be developed for COVID-19? 10
Protecting yourself against COVID-19 11
Washing with soap 11
Alcohol-based hand sanitisers 12
Using a mask 12
Social distancing 13
Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth 13
Practise respiratory hygiene 13
Some common queries answered 14
Are there differences between symptoms caused by the flu and COVID-19? 14
How effective are thermal scanners in detecting people infected with the
new coronavirus? 14
Can a person exposed to Coronavirus transmit it to others if he/she uses a
swimming pool? 14
Should people avoid eating meat-based food to prevent transmission? 15
Is there a link between a person’s immunity and COVID-19 transmission? 15
Are there any home remedies to treat COVID-19? 15
Are antibiotics effective in preventing and treating the new coronavirus? 15
Do vaccines against pneumonia protect you against the new coronavirus? 16
Myths around COVID-19 16
Myth: “COVID-19 virus cannot be transmitted in areas with hot and humid climates” 17
Myth: The new coronavirus can be transmitted through mosquito bites. 17
National and State helplines 18
3. 1
Introduction
On December 31, 2019, China informed the World Health Organization of a
cluster of cases of pneumonia of an unknown cause in Wuhan City in Hubei
province. On January 9, 2020, the WHO issued a statement saying Chinese
researchers have made “preliminary determination” of the virus as a novel
coronavirus.
Since then, more than 6,000 deaths have been reported due to COVID-19 across
the world till March 20, 2020. Cases have been reported from more than 180
countries, including India. Lockdowns, curfews, massive airport screenings,
quarantines, and social distancing have become the norm across the globe.
In these critical times, access to authentic information is of paramount
importance. The Hindu has been covering the pandemic since the early days with
the highest journalistic standards, ensuring that science and safety are the primary
focus. For the benefit of our readers, we are now compiling the most relevant
parts of our coverage in the form of an eBook, that we hope will be a handy guide
to good health practices as well as in fighting misinformation.
4. 2
What are coronaviruses?
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses with some causing less
severe common cold to more severe diseases such as severe acute
respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome
(MERS). The SARS-CoV-21
is a coronavirus very similar to the one
that caused SARS.
Many coronaviruses are zoonotic, meaning they are transmitted from
animals to humans.
While the SARS coronavirus is thought to be an animal virus from an
as-yet-uncertain animal reservoir, perhaps bats, that spread to other
animals (civet cats) and first infected humans in the Guangdong
province of southern China in 2002, the MERS coronavirus was passed
on from dromedary camels to humans in Saudi Arabia in 2012.
There is evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 has also been transmitted from
bats
1 The Coronavirus Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, which had assessed the
novelty of the human pathogen, has named the virus as “Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2”, or
“SARS-CoV-2”. The Coronavirus Study Group is responsible for developing the official classification of viruses
and taxa naming of the Coronaviridae family.
5. 3
A closer look at SARS-CoV-2
The ultrastructural morphology exhibited by the SARS-CoV-2 seen in an illustration released by the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on January 29, 2020. Image Credit: Reuters
Like other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 virus particles are spherical
and have mushroom-shaped proteins called spikes protruding from
their surface, giving the particles a crown-like appearance. The spike
binds and fuses to human cells, allowing the virus to gain entry.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin and the National
Institutes of Health, U.S., have produced a 3D atomic scale map of the
protein of the SARS-CoV-2 that binds to and infects human cells.
Mapping the 3D structure of the protein — spike (S) glycoprotein —
will allow better understanding of how the virus binds to the human
cells. Knowing the structure of the spike protein will, in turn, allow
scientists to develop vaccines and antivirals against the virus and even
better diagnostics.
6. 4
The spike protein of the novel
coronovirus shares 98%
sequence identity with the
spike protein of the bat
coronavirus, the researchers
say. The results were published
in the journal Science.
Similar yet different
The researchers also found that
like in the case of the SARS
coronavirus, the spike protein
of the SARS-CoV-2 that causes
Coronavirus Disease 19
(COVID-19)2
binds to the
cellular receptor called
angiotensin-converting enzyme
2 (ACE2), which serves as the
entry point into human cells.
But unlike in the case of SARS,
the spike protein of the novel
coronavirus binds to the cell
receptor with much higher
affinity — 10- to 20-fold
higher.
2 Concerned about the stigma that names of new diseases can cause to certain people and religion, the WHO came
up with the new guidelines in May 2015. According to the guidelines, name of a new disease should consist of a
combination of terms. These terms consist of a generic descriptive term based on clinical symptoms (respiratory),
physiological processes (diarrhoea), and anatomical or pathological references (cardic). It can refer to specific
descriptive terms such as those who are afflicted (infant, juvenile, and maternal), seasonality (summer, winter)
and severity (mild, severe). The name can also include other factual elements such as the environment (ocean,
river), causal pathogen (coronavirus) and the year the new disease is first detected with or without mentioning
the month.
7. 5
High transmissibility
The much greater binding affinity to the cell receptor explains the
apparent high human-to-human transmissibility of the virus compared
with the SARS coronavirus.
“The high affinity of the 2019-nCoV S for human ACE2 may
contribute to the apparent ease with which the 2019-nCoV can spread
from human-to-human,” the researchers write. “Additional studies are
needed to investigate this possibility.”
Since both the SARS coronavirus and the 2019 novel coronavirus share
structural similarity and bind to the same receptor, the researchers
tested three monoclonal antibodies specific to SARS virus for their
ability to bind to the novel coronavirus. But none of the three antibodies
tested were found to be effective in inhibiting the novel coronavirus
from binding to the human receptor ACE2 and prevent or treat the
disease.
Spike structure
However, the 3D map of the S protein will help researchers design new
antivirals to stop the virus from binding and infecting human cells.
“Knowing the atomic-level structure of the 2019-nCoV spike will
allow for additional protein engineering efforts that could improve
antigenicity and protein expression for vaccine development,” the
researchers write.
The researchers were able to determine the structure of the spike
protein as the Chinese researchers shared the whole genome sequence
data in the global database.
Genome sequencing
When the entire genome is sequenced it helps researchers understand
the arrangement of the four chemical entities or bases that make up the
DNA or RNA. The differences in the arrangement of the bases make
8. 6
organisms different from one another. Sequencing the genome of
SARS-CoV-2 will help us understand where the virus came from and
how it spread. For instance, by sequencing the genome of the virus
isolated from an Indian patient, it will become possible to know if the
virus had come from China or any other country
In India, the Pune-based National Institute of Virology (NIV)3
has
sequenced the SARS-CoV-2 genome collected from two patients in
Kerala.
3 NIV is the only lab in India which has a bio-safety level-4 (BSL-4) facility to culture pathogenic, novel viruses,
study the origin of such viruses and provide a comprehensive characterisation of them by sequencing the entire
viral genome.
9. 7
Understanding the disease
The World Health Organisation has declared COVID-19 to be a
pandemic4
. The symptoms of COVID-19 appear within two to 14 days
after exposure and include fever, cough, a runny nose and difficulty in
breathing.
How does the disease spread?
It primarily spreads through the respiratory droplets of infected people.
If a person touches a surface or object that has been infected by the
virus and then touches his own mouth, nose, or eyes, he may get
infected.
Who is affected?
While people of all ages can be affected by the disease, people aged 80
and above are at the highest risk of dying due to COVID-19, according
to case records analysed by the Disease Control and Prevention Centers
in China and South Korea. Victims of the virus with pre-existing
medical conditions such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes have a
higher fatality rate than others. Also the rate of fatalities was relatively
higher for retirees.
4 A ‘Pandemic’ generally refers to an epidemic that has spread on a more global scale, affecting large numbers of
people. Exactly when enough places have enough infections to declare one isn’t a black-and-white decision. But
generally, the WHO is looking for sustained outbreaks on different continents. An ‘Epidemic’ is a large outbreak,
one that spreads among a population or region. An ‘Outbreak’ is a sudden rise in cases of a disease in a particular
place.
11. 9
What are the symptoms?
The guidelines5
from the Union Health Ministry for early recognition
of COVID-19 patients are those who come in with Severe Acute
Respiratory Infection (SARI) who also have a history of foreign travel
or close contact with another COVID-19 patient.
As per the guidelines, “COVID–19 may present with mild, moderate,
or severe illness; the latter includes severe pneumonia, ARDS [Acute
Respiratory Distress Syndrome], sepsis and septic shock.”
How can it be detected?
The virus can be detected using a RT-PCR test6
. An RT-PCR or reverse
transcription polymerase chain reaction test is DNA-based and can
quickly tell if someone harbours the virus. In India, the government
facilities to test for the virus include 52 labs belonging to the Viral
Research and Diagnostic Laboratories network of the Indian Council
of Medical Research (ICMR), 10 labs under the National Centre for
Disease Control (NCDC), and the NIV.
What is the treatment?
There is no current evidence from randomised controlled trial to
recommend any specific treatment for suspected or confirmed COVID-
19 patients. No specific anti-virals are recommended for treatment of
those suffering from respiratory ailment due to lack of adequate
evidence from medical literature.
5 Guidelines on Clinical Management of COVID – 19
6 The National Human Genome Research Institute on PCR:
“Sometimes called "molecular photocopying," the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a fast and inexpensive
technique used to "amplify" - copy - small segments of DNA. Because significant amounts of a sample of DNA
are necessary for molecular and genetic analyses, studies of isolated pieces of DNA are nearly impossible
without PCR amplification.
Often heralded as one of the most important scientific advances in molecular biology, PCR revolutionized the
study of DNA to such an extent that its creator, Kary B. Mullis, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in
1993.”
12. 10
In India, the Union Health Ministry guidelines has recommended use
of anti-HIV drug combinations Lopinavir and Ritonavir on a case-to-
case basis depending upon the severity of the condition of a person
having coronavirus infection.
The Ministry recommended Lopinavir-Ritonavir for high-risk groups:
patients aged above 60, suffering from diabetes mellitus, renal failure,
chronic lung disease and are immuno-compromised.
However, the use of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in PEP regimens for HIV is
also associated with significant adverse events which many times leads
to discontinuation of therapy.
The guidelines advise the treating doctors to closely monitor patients
with severe acute respiratory infection for signs of clinical
deterioration, such as rapidly progressive respiratory failure and sepsis,
and apply supportive care interventions immediately.
“Application of timely, effective, and safe supportive therapies is the
cornerstone of therapy for patients that develop severe manifestations
of COVID-19,” it said.
Can a vaccine be developed for COVID-19?
According to Raman. R. Gangakhedkar, head of the Epidemiology and
Communicable Diseases-I (ECD-I), Division of ICMR, there are two
ways of going for vaccine preparation — either you look at the
sequences of the gene which then may lead to development of
antibodies, or you actually have the strain and then you try to develop
a vaccine which is always an easier option. He said Indian scientists
have managed to successfully isolate the COVID-19 virus and about 11
isolates are available which is a prime requisite for doing any kind of
research related to viruses and developing the vaccine.
Internationally, several institutes and pharmaceutical companies are in
various stages of developing the vaccine with some set to go on clinical
trials soon7
.
7 From a report in The Guardian dated March 19, 2020: “The Oxford [University] vaccine, known as ChAdOx1, is
one of five frontrunner vaccines in development around the world. The US biotech Moderna gave its first
vaccine shot to a person in Seattle earlier this week. Another US firm, Inovio, will soon start trials on its own
13. 11
Protecting yourself against COVID-19
Guidelines by the World Health Organization specify that one of the
ways to reduce the risk of infection is by regularly and thoroughly
cleaning one’s hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or washing them
with soap and water. Regular washing becomes important as the virus
tends to be viable from hours to more than a day on different surfaces
that are regularly touched with hands.
Washing with soap
The grime on our hands contains innumerable viruses and bacteria.
Washing with water without using soap helps reduce the amount of
microbes but does not remove most of the virus and bacteria
completely. Using soap, therefore, becomes far more effective in
removing microbes.
Viruses such as coronavirus, influenza-causing viruses, Ebola, Zika
have their genetic material encased in a layer of fat called the lipid
envelope8
. Soap molecules are pin-shaped with a head that is water-
loving (hydrophilic) and a tail that is oil-loving (oleophilic). Being
oleophilic, the tail portion of the molecule tends to have an affinity for
and ‘competes’ with the lipids in the virus envelope. Since the chemical
bonds holding the virus together are not very strong, the long oleophilic
tail gets inserted into the envelope and tends to have a ‘crowbar’ effect
that breaks the lipid envelope of the virus. The tail also competes with
the bond that binds the RNA and the lipid envelop thus dissolving the
virus into its components which are then removed by water.
coronavirus vaccine, which requires a special device to administer through the skin. In Germany, CureVac is
working on a vaccine, while others are in development in China.”
8 Do all viruses have the lipid layer? No, certain viruses do not have the lipid envelope and are called the non-
enveloped viruses. Rotavirus which causes severe diarrhoea, poliovirus, adenovirus that cause pneumonia and
even human papillomavirus (HPV) do not contain the lipid envelope.
14. 12
Alcohol-based hand sanitisers
Like soap, the alcohol present in hand sanitisers dissolve the lipid
envelope, thus inactivating the virus. In addition, the alcohol also tends
to change the shape or denature the mushroom-shaped protein
structures that stick out of the lipid envelope. The mushroom-shaped
protein structures help the virus to bind to special structures found on
human cells and enter the cells. To be effective, the sanitisers should
contain at least 60% alcohol.
Unlike soap lather, the alcohol does not come in contact with all parts
of the hand. So care needs to be taken to use sufficient sanitiser to
increase the coverage. Unlike water, alcohol run does not remove the
dead viruses from the hand. While a sanitiser can quickly reduce the
number of microbes, it does not get rid of all types of germs, and is “not
as effective when hands are visibly dirty or greasy”.
Using a mask
Medical masks help prevent the spread of coronavirus infection. If
worn properly, masks may be effective in preventing transmission of
coronavirus. An article published in the Journal of the American
Medical Association (JAMA) says there is no evidence to suggest that
masks worn by healthy individuals can help prevent infection.
But a 2010 study says: “Mask wearing was associated with reduced
secondary transmission and should be encouraged during outbreak
situations.”
Even the World Health Organization says wearing a medical mask is
“one of the prevention measures to limit spread of certain respiratory
diseases, including novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), in affected
areas”.
Transmission through droplets from coughing and sneezing is one of
the major routes of virus spread. When worn correctly, a mask can
reduce the risk of inhaling droplets containing the virus.
With many studies showing that people infected with novel coronavirus
transmit the virus even before symptoms show up, it may be prudent to
wear a mask especially when the virus is spreading in the community.
15. 13
In a country like India, maintaining at least one metre distance can be
a challenge, especially when there is no way of knowing who is infected
till such time the person starts showing visible symptoms.
Social distancing
The WHO says that you should maintain at least 1 metre (3 feet)
distance between yourself and anyone who is coughing or sneezing.
This is because when someone coughs or sneezes they spray small
liquid droplets from their nose or mouth which may contain virus. “If
you are too close, you can breathe in the droplets, including the
COVID-19 virus if the person coughing has the disease,” says the
WHO.
Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth
Hands can pick up viruses as they come in contact with many surfaces.
It can then transfer the virus to your eyes, nose or mouth. From there,
the virus can enter your body and can make you sick.
Practise respiratory hygiene
Cover your mouth and nose with your bent elbow or tissue when you
cough or sneeze. Then dispose of the used tissue immediately.
16. 14
Some common queries answered9
Are there differences between symptoms caused by the
flu and COVID-19?
Cough and cold could mean an allergy. A fever with cough and cold is
a symptom of the flu. When you have fever with a cough which is
complicated by breathlessness, it is a symptom of Coronavirus
infection and you must call your doctor to rule it out.
How effective are thermal scanners in detecting
people infected with the new coronavirus?
Thermal scanners are effective in detecting people who have developed
a fever (i.e. have a higher than normal body temperature) because of
infection with the new coronavirus. However, they cannot detect
people who are infected but are not yet sick with fever. This is because
it takes between 2 and 10 days before people who are infected become
sick and develop a fever.
Can a person exposed to Coronavirus transmit it to
others if he/she uses a swimming pool?
Highly unlikely. The Coronavirus is a droplet infection. It has to be
inhaled to cause the disease. Chlorination of swimming pools to
recommended levels can certainly inactivate any virus, including
COVID-19.
9 These answers were compiled from responses by eminent doctors as well as from material provided by the
World Health Organisation. The doctors who provided the answers are Dr KK Aggarwal, president,
Confederation of Medical Associations of Asia and Oceania and former president of Indian Medical
Association; Dr Ravi Santosham, Pulmonologist; Dr V Ramasubramanian, Consultant, Infectious
Diseases, Apollo Hospitals; Dr J Euphrasia Latha, Head, Institute of Microbiology, Madras Medical College;
Dr P Kuganantham, Founder-chairman, Indian Public Health Foundation and former Chennai City Health
Officer.
17. 15
Should people avoid eating meat-based food to
prevent transmission?
It is a respiratory virus and not a food-borne one. Coronavirus has
nothing to do with food or pet animals or eating chicken and mutton.
People can eat whatever they want and how much ever they want.
Is there a link between a person’s immunity and
COVID-19 transmission?
Coronovirus is one of the weakest family of viruses. The deaths caused
so far or people affected could have been ones with less immunity like
children or the elderly. Sometimes, the virus enters a person’s lungs
and causes pneumonia. People with vulnerable immunity like the
elderly succumb to this. For young people with good immunity, the
effects of the virus may not be too strong but if you are someone with
comorbid conditions like diabetes or cardiac disease, or if you are on
immunosuppresive drugs, then the risk of infection is severe.
Are there any home remedies to treat COVID-19?
Home remedies and treatment other than allopathy is not proven
science. The best thing is precaution only. You must keep away from a
patient who coughs and sneezes. If you are coughing, you need to cover
your face with a mask and not spread the droplets around. COVID-19
spreads through droplets.
Are antibiotics effective in preventing and treating the
new coronavirus?
No, antibiotics do not work against viruses, only bacteria. The new
coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is a virus and, therefore, antibiotics should
not be used as a means of prevention or treatment.
However, if you are hospitalized for the 2019-nCoV, you may receive
antibiotics because bacterial co-infection is possible.
18. 16
Do vaccines against pneumonia protect you against the
new coronavirus?
No. Vaccines against pneumonia, such as pneumococcal vaccine and
Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib) vaccine, do not provide protection
against the new coronavirus. The virus is so new and different that it
needs its own vaccine.
Although these vaccines are not effective against 2019-nCoV,
vaccination against respiratory illnesses is highly recommended to
protect your health.
Myths around COVID-19
There have been several myths around the disease, like consuming
more garlic, curry leaves or cow’s urine would treat or protect one from
the disease.
The World Health Organisation has busted such misleading claims. On
garlic, WHO said it is a healthy food that may have some antimicrobial
properties but there is no evidence that it has prevented people from
contracting the 2019 nCoV.
19. 17
Here are some other myths and the WHO’s response to
them:
Myth: “COVID-19 virus cannot be transmitted in areas with hot and humid
climates”
From the evidence so far, the COVID-19 virus can be transmitted in
ALL AREAS, including areas with hot and humid weather. Regardless
of climate, adopt protective measures if you live in, or travel to an area
reporting COVID-19. The best way to protect yourself against COVID-
19 is by frequently cleaning your hands. By doing this you eliminate
viruses that may be on your hands and avoid infection that could occur
by then touching your eyes, mouth, and nose.
Myth: The new coronavirus can be transmitted through mosquito bites.
To date there has been no information nor evidence to suggest that the
new coronavirus could be transmitted by mosquitoes. The new
coronavirus is a respiratory virus which spreads primarily through
droplets generated when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or
through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose. To protect
yourself, clean your hands frequently with an alcohol-based hand rub
or wash them with soap and water. Also, avoid close contact with
anyone who is coughing and sneezing.
20. 18
National and State helplines
(Please note that these numbers are subject to change.)
The new national helpline numbers are
1075 / 1800-112-545 /011-23978046
State / UT State Helpline No.
Andhra Pradesh 0866-2410978
Arunachal Pradesh 9436055743
Assam 6913347770
Bihar 104
Chhattisgarh 077122-35091
Goa 104
Gujarat 104
Haryana 8558893911
Himachal Pradesh 104
Jharkhand 104
Karnataka 104
Kerala 0471-2552056
Madhya Pradesh 0755-2527177
Maharashtra 020-26127394
Manipur 3852411668
Meghalaya 108
Mizoram 102
Nagaland 7005539653
Odisha 9439994859
Punjab 104
Rajasthan 0141-2225624
Sikkim 104
Tamil Nadu 044-29510500
Telangana 104
21. 19
Tripura 0381-2315879
Uttarakhand 104
Uttar Pradesh 18001805145
West Bengal 3323412600
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 03192-232102
Chandigarh 9779558282
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman &
Diu
104
Delhi 011-22307145
Jammu 01912520982
Kashmir 01942440283
Ladakh 01982256462
Lakshadweep 104
Puducherry 104