The document summarizes information about COVID-19. It describes COVID-19 as a disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Signs and symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath, with older people and those with preexisting conditions at higher risk. Prevention methods include frequent hand washing, social distancing, and wearing masks. There is currently no vaccine, though treatments are under investigation. The disease has caused a global pandemic and cases are rising in Africa, Asia, Europe and North America.

1. Covid-19

2. Amar Joseph
Msc Zoology

3. OVERVIEW
• (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus.
• RNA virus, with a typical crown-like appearance under an electron microscope due to
the presence of glycoprotein spikes on its envelope
• ‘CO’ stands for corona, ‘VI’ for virus, and ‘D’ for disease. Formerly, this disease was
referred to as ‘2019 novel coronavirus’ or ‘2019-nCoV.’
• Human coronaviruses can cause mild disease similar to a common cold, while others
cause more severe disease (such as MERS - Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and
SARS – Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome).
• So called as SARS CoV-2.
• Signs and symptoms include respiratory symptoms and include fever, cough and
shortness of breath.

4. • Older people, and people with chronic medical
conditions, such as diabetes and heart
disease, appear to be more at risk of developing
severe symptoms
• Standard recommendations to prevent the spread
of COVID-19 include frequent cleaning of
hands using alcohol-based hand rub or soap and
water; covering the nose and mouth with a
flexed elbow or disposable tissue when
coughing and sneezing; and avoiding close
contact with anyone that has a fever and cough.
• There is no currently available vaccine for
COVID-19

5. History
• On 31 December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown cause was
reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
• On 9 January 2020, deep sequencing analysis from lower respiratory tract samples
identified a novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-
CoV-2) as causative agent for that observed pneumonia cluster.
• On February 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) Director-General,
Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, named the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2
as “COVID-19”, and by March 11th, 2020 when the number of countries involved
was 114, with more than 118,000 cases and over 4000 deaths, the WHO declared
the pandemic status.
• As of 25 March 2020, more than 416 916 cases of COVID-19 were reported
worldwide by more than 150 countries. 204 930 cases and 11 810 deaths have been
reported in the EU/EEA and the UK.
• Now corona cases increasing day by day.

7. PANDEMICS OF CORONAVIRUS
• Pandemic is geographically widespread;
occurring throughout a region or even
throughout the world OR- a
widespread outbreak of an infectious disease;
many people are infected at the same time.
• COVID-19 pandemic is global health crisis of
our time and the greatest challenge we have
faced since World War Two. Cases are rising
daily in Africa America, Asia and Europe.
• On March 11th, 2020 when the number of
countries involved was 114, with more than
118,000 cases and over 4000 deaths, the
WHO declared the pandemic status.

8. • Countries are racing to slow the
spread of the disease by testing
and treating patients, carrying out
contact tracing, limiting travel,
quarantining citizens, and
cancelling large gatherings such
as sporting events, concerts, and
schools.
• The pandemic is moving like a
wave , as people stay indoors,
either by choice or by government
order. Across the world, shops,
theatres, restaurants and bars are
closing.

9. • Every day, people are losing jobs and income, with no way of knowing when
normality will return. The International Labour Organization estimates that 25
million jobs could be lost.
• Pakistan has witnessed a massive increase in its confirmed cases from the initial
confirmed case in a student on 26th February 2020 came from Iran.
• As a country whose economy is highly reliant on manufacturing and service
industries, shutdown measures and disruptions in supply chains will negatively
impact on the economy and society, particularly the poor.
• On May 25 2020.
Confirm
ed
19,557
+827
Recover
ed
-
Deaths
-
Confirm
ed
56,349
+2,164
Recover
ed
17,482
Deaths
1,167
+32
Confirm
ed
5.41M
+102K
Recover
ed
2.17M
Deaths
345K
+4,286
Cases overview
Worldwide Pakistan Punjab

10. SYMPTOMS OF COVID-19
• COVID-19 affects different people in different ways. Most
infected people will develop mild to moderate illness and
recover without hospitalization.
 Most common symptoms:
Fever
dry cough
tiredness
 Less common symptoms:
aches and pains
sore throat
Diarrhea
Conjunctivitis
Headache

11. loss of taste or smell (taste Buds), Olfaction
a rash on skin, or discoloration of fingers or toes
 Serious symptoms:
difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
chest pain or pressure
loss of speech or movement
…………………………………………….
 Seek immediate medical attention if you have serious symptoms. Always call before
visiting your doctor or health facility.
 People with mild symptoms who are otherwise healthy should manage their
symptoms at home.
 On average it takes 5–6 days from when someone is infected with the virus for
symptoms to show, however it can take up to 14 days.

12. PREVENTIONS
• Protect yourself and others around you by knowing the facts and taking appropriate
precautions. Follow advice provided by your local public health agency.
• To prevent the spread of COVID-19:
• Clean your hands often. Use soap and water, or an alcohol-based hand rub.
• Maintain a safe distance from anyone who is coughing or sneezing.
• Don’t touch your eyes, nose or mouth.
• Cover your nose and mouth with your bent elbow or a tissue when you cough or
sneeze.
• Wear mask while going outdoor home.

13. • Stay home if you feel unwell.
• If you have a fever, cough and
difficulty breathing, seek medical
attention. Call in advance.
• Follow the directions of your
local health authority.
Avoiding unneeded visits to
medical facilities allows healthcare
systems to operate more effectively,
therefore protecting you and others.

15. Treatment
To date, there are no specific vaccines or medicines for COVID-19. Treatments are
under investigation, and will be tested through clinical trials. WHO
Self care
• If you feel sick you should rest, drink plenty of fluid, and eat nutritious food. Stay in
a separate room from other family members, and use a dedicated bathroom if
possible. Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces.
• Everyone should keep a healthy lifestyle at home. Maintain a healthy diet, sleep,
stay active, and make social contact with loved ones through the phone or internet.
Children need extra love and attention from adults during difficult times. Keep to
regular routines and schedules as much as possible.
• It is normal to feel sad, stressed, or confused during a crisis. Talking to people you
trust, such as friends and family, can help. If you feel overwhelmed, talk to a health
worker or counsellor.

16. Medical treatments
• If you have mild symptoms and are otherwise healthy, self-isolate and contact your
medical provider or a COVID-19 information line for advice.
• Seek medical care if you have a fever, a cough, and difficulty breathing. Call in
advance.
• Recently, Remdesivir, the only drug cleared to treat Covid-19, speed the
recovery time of patients with the disease, but its benefit appeared much more
limited in patients who needed mechanical ventilation as part of their
treatment, according to eagerly awaited results of a clinical trial.
• Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine, often in combination with a second-
generation macrolide, are being widely used for treatment of COVID-19,
despite no conclusive evidence of their benefit. Although generally safe when
used for approved indications such as autoimmune disease or malaria, the
safety and benefit of these treatment regimens are poorly evaluated in
COVID-19.

17. • According to Tribune news, A coronavirus vaccine developed by CanSino
Biologics appears to be safe and induced a rapid immune response in its first
human trial, Chinese researchers reported
on Friday in The Lancet medical journal.
• According to Times Of India, Amongst the
leading contenders is US-based drug maker
Pfizer, who has collaborated with a German
company, BNTECH to procure a vaccine to
beat coronavirus, 'BNT162'.

18. News of Coronavirus
• CNN News, More than 6.5 million cases of Covid-19 have been
reported worldwide, including at least 386,000 deaths, according to Johns Hopkins
University
• On June 4 2020.
• USA, Italy, Spain, Germany, China(4th), France, Iran, UK, Switzerland, Turkey.
• In the US: More than 1.8 million coronavirus cases have been reported, including
at least 107,000 deaths.
• One Asian country and seven European countries are among the ten most affected
list of countries with coronavirus, while more European countries are witnessing a
surge in cases.
• The US replaced China as the country with the highest coronavirus cases on 26
March, while more than 92% of the global coronavirus cases are currently outside
China.

19. • Pakistan overtakes China: The South Asian country now has more recorded cases
of Covid-19 than China, where the virus originated.
• Possible vaccine: There are 108 potential Covid-19 vaccines in development
around the world, according to the World Health Organization. Eight of the potential
vaccines are approved for clinical trials.
• Researchers in Britain looked at mutations in the virus and found evidence of quick
spread, but not evidence the virus, “The virus is changing, but this in itself does not
mean it’s getting worse,” genetics researcher Francois Balloux of the University
College London Genetics Institute.
• Recently, Plasma therapy also used in corona virus. A 53 years old patient recovered
from Covid-19 by using this treatment, the head of Pakistan’s National Institute
of Blood Diseases (NIBD).

20. • Pakistan opens Markets and malls across for business.
• Mask wearing in public places in mandatory.
• 1,000 cases every day in May, On 3 June 4100+ cases reported in Pakistan.
• Sindh reports over 1,800 cases in a day to push nationwide tally to 83,292.
• The nationwide tally of Covid-19 patients stands at 83,292 with 29,489 cases in
Punjab, 32,910 in Sindh, 11,373 in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, 4,740 in
Baluchistan, 824 in Gilgit-Baltistan, 3,188 in Islamabad and 284 in Azad
Jammu and Kashmir.
• The virus has claimed at least 1,730 lives while about 28,988 coronavirus patients
have recovered.
Cases overview; Pakistan worldwide
Confirmed
6.66M
+119K
Recovered
-
Deaths
393K
+4,288
Confirmed
98,943
+4,734
Recovered
33,465
Deaths
2,002
+97
On 7 June

22. Statistics of Covid-19 in Pakistan