Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause illness in humans and animals. COVID-19 is a new strain caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that was first identified in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and has since spread globally. It causes respiratory symptoms ranging from mild to severe and can lead to pneumonia, multi-organ failure, and death in some cases. Prevention focuses on hand washing, social distancing, and self-isolation for those exhibiting symptoms or testing positive. There is no vaccine and treatment is focused on relief of symptoms.

1. Coronavirus
COVID-19
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2. CORONAVIRUS / COVID-19
Coronavirus (CoV) are a large family
of viruses that cause illness ranging
from the common cold to more
severe diseases such as Middle East
Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV)
and Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome (SARS-CoV).
COVID-19, on the other
hand, is an infectious
disease caused by severe
acute respiratory syndrome
Coronavirus 2.
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3. What is Coronavirus?
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses. They are zoonotic
in nature; hence they can easily transmit between animals
and people. Almost every case of coronavirus infection took
place after a human came in close encounter with a wild
animal. The encounter included living in an enclosed
environment or consuming the meat of the animal
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4. COVID-19
Coronavirus disease 2019 or popularly known as
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2).
“A research team said COVID-19 may originate in
bats. The genome sequencing of the novel
coronavirus is as high as 96 percent identical with a
type of coronavirus from bats, the team said, adding
that the new coronavirus enters the receptor using
the same cells with SARS virus.
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5. SYMPTOMS
• Respiratory symptoms
• Fever and cough
• Shortness of breath and breathing difficulties
IN AN EXTREME CASE
• Pneumonia
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome
• Kidney failure
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6. COVID-19 INFECTION
• The infection is spread from one person to others via
respiratory droplets produced from the airways, often during
coughing or sneezing.
• Time from exposure to onset of symptoms is generally
between 2 and 14 days, with an average of 5 days.
• The standard method of diagnosis is by reverse transcription
polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) from a nasopharyngeal
swab or sputum sample, with results within a few hours to 2
days. Antibody assays can also be used, using a blood serum
sample, with results within a few days.
• The infection can also be diagnosed from a combination of
symptoms, risk factors, and a chest CT scan showing features
of pneumonia.
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7. Difference between COVID-19 and
other Corona Viruses
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
coronavirus causes SARS and the Middle East
Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus
causes MERS.
The novel coronavirus, COVID-19 is one of seven
types of known human coronaviruses. COVID-
19, like the MERS and SARS coronaviruses, likely
evolved from a virus previously found in
animals.
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8. Preventive Measures
• Wash your hands frequently
To keep yourself and others from COVID-19 is by thoroughly cleaning
your hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or wash them with soap
and water. Washing your hand prevents easy transmission of the
infection.
• Maintain social distancing
Maintain at least 1 meter (3 feet) distance between yourself and
anyone who is coughing or sneezing. Sneezing or coughing often
sprays small liquid droplets that may contain the virus. It’s easy to get
someone infected through droplets.
• Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth
Most infections occur when a person incessantly touches their nose,
mouth, and eyes. This is an easy way to pick up virus. Once
contaminated, hands can transfer the virus to your eyes, nose or
mouth.
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9. • Practice respiratory hygiene
Make sure to cover your mouth or nose when sneezing or
coughing. Use disposable tissue whenever you can.
• Seek medical care early
Stay home or indoors if you have a fever, cough and difficulty
breathing, seek medical attention and call in advance. This will
protect you and help prevent spread of viruses and other
infections.
• Stay informed
Stay informed on the latest developments about COVID-19.
Follow advice given by your healthcare provider, your national
and local public health authority or your employer on how to
protect yourself and others from COVID-19.
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10. Infected with COVID-19
• Stay Indoor
You should restrict activities outside your home, except for getting medical
care. Avoid going to public places or any other enclosed areas such as office,
public transport, cinema hall, and schools.
• Isolate Yourself
Avoid any form of contact with another person like touching, staying close, or
using a same bathroom. You should restrict contact with pets and other
animals while you are sick with COVID-19, just like you would around other
people.
• Call ahead before visiting your doctor
If you have a medical appointment, call the healthcare provider and tell them
that you have or may have COVID-19. This will help the healthcare provider’s
office take steps to keep other people from getting infected or exposed.
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11. • Wear a facemask
Always wear a facemask to prevent the virus from reaching to other person or the
surroundings. You should wear a facemask when you are around other people.
• Keep your hands clean
Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds after blowing your
nose, coughing, or sneezing; going to the bathroom; and before eating or preparing
food.
You can use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol if you’re out of
reach of soap and water.
• Avoid sharing personal household items
The virus can stay on the surface of metal for hours. Stop sharing dishes, drinking
glasses, cups, eating utensils, towels, or bedding with other people or pets in your
home.
• Clean all “high-touch” surfaces everyday
High touch surfaces include counters, tabletops, doorknobs, bathroom fixtures, toilets,
phones, keyboards, tablets, and bedside tables should be cleaned from any dirt, soil,
or liquid.
• Monitor your symptoms
To keep yourself and other from any serious infection, seek prompt medical attention.
Persons who are placed under active monitoring or facilitated self-monitoring should
follow instructions provided by their local health department or occupational health
professionals, as appropriate.
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12. Updates on COVID-19 Globally
The cases of COVID-19 infections around the world are as
follows:
Coronavirus Cases
221,568
Deaths
8,999
Recovered
85,785
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14. Updates on COVID-19 in Nepal
Until now, Nepal stands in the list of least
affected countries globally with just one
confirmed case. It was found in in one Nepali
student who landed Nepal on 5th January from
Wuhan and has been already recovered.
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