Countries of the middle east
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The document summarizes key countries in the Middle East region. It describes Afghanistan as a landlocked country located in the far east with mountainous terrain and diverse ethnic groups. Iran is also described as mountainous with coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea, allowing it to export goods via shipping routes. Iraq is located west of Iran and has the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers flowing through it. Saudi Arabia is the largest country on the Arabian Peninsula with coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea. Turkey borders Iraq, Syria and Iran to the north and west, and is where the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers originate. Israel was created in 1948 by the UN as a homeland for Jewish people
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2) All relevant existing information is assembled, such as previous studies, geological and hydrological data, population and demand forecasts.
3) Potential dam and reservoir sites are identified and evaluated based on topographical suitability, available storage, and other factors. Environmental and social impacts are also assessed.
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The document provides information about several countries in the Middle East region, including Jordan, Iran, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Lebanon, Cyprus, Israel, Bahrain, and their capital cities. It discusses the geography, history, government, and economy of each country. Key details include Jordan's location and importance in the region's history, Iran's diverse population and status as an Islamic republic, Saudi Arabia's vast oil wealth, the UAE being a federation of seven emirates with Abu Dhabi as the capital and Dubai as the largest city, and Bahrain being an island country in the Persian Gulf ruled by the al-Khalifa family.
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Morocco is a country located in North Africa with a population of over 35 million. It has a constitutional monarchy government with an elected parliament, though the King holds vast executive powers. Legislative power is shared between the government and parliament. The political capital is Rabat and largest city is Casablanca.
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Deep underground, rocks are under constant pressure until the strain becomes too great and the rocks suddenly break, releasing seismic waves. These waves travel outward from the hypocenter in three types - P waves which push and pull, S waves which move sides to side, and L waves which cause surfaces to bob up and down. When recorded by a seismograph, the first indication of an earthquake is typically the P waves, followed by larger S waves, with surface L waves arriving last.
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An earthquake is caused by the sudden movement of parts of the Earth's crust and results in shaking and trembling of the ground. There are over one million earthquakes each year, with around twenty having the potential to cause severe damage. Earthquakes are caused by faults in the Earth's crust, such as the San Andreas Fault in California where the land west of the fault moves north and the land east moves south. Underwater earthquakes can generate destructive tsunamis. The focus is the depth below the surface where the earthquake occurs, and the epicenter is directly above on the surface. Seismographs detect seismic waves that travel out from the epicenter, including fast P waves and slower S waves.
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The video discusses the different forces that act on the earth's crust and how they cause deformation through various mechanisms. Compression causes squeezing and increases density, tension causes pulling and decreases density, and shearing causes twisting. These forces result in fracturing, faulting, and folding of rocks in the crust. Fractures are cracks, faults are cracks with lateral movement, and folds are bends in rock layers. Anticlines are upward folds and synclines are downward folds. Various factors like temperature, pressure, rock type, and rate of force application determine whether rocks fault or fold when subjected to deformation.
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The plates are moving at a very slow rate of between one to ten centimeters per year. In some areas plates are moving together through a process called convergence, while in other areas they are moving apart. There are three main types of convergent boundaries: continental-continental, continental-oceanic, and oceanic-oceanic. At convergent boundaries, one plate dives beneath the other through subduction, which can cause volcanic activity at the surface.
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This document outlines the requirements for a group project where students work with a partner to create a magazine. Each person must complete two 20 point activities and one 10 point activity by certain checkpoint dates. They must also turn in their completed magazine by October 15th, which can include different formats like articles, interviews, or political cartoons, but each format can only be used once and one activity must use a longer writing format.
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Fossils are the remains or traces of prehistoric life found in sedimentary rocks. The type of fossil formed depends on how and where the organism died and was buried. Fossils can be unaltered remains like teeth and shells, or altered remains that have changed over time through processes like petrification or carbonization. Trace fossils provide indirect evidence of prehistoric life through things like tracks, burrows, and coprolites. Fossils are important for interpreting ancient environments and changes over time.
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The document discusses methods for dating geological materials and events. Relative dating methods, like the law of superposition and index fossils, are used to determine the sequence of events but not calculate specific ages. Absolute dating methods, such as radiocarbon dating, are used to determine specific numerical ages by measuring radioactive decay. Radiocarbon dating works by comparing the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in once-living materials, as carbon-14 decays at a known rate. Together, relative and absolute dating methods provide information about the timing of geological events and processes.
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Paleontology is the study of past life through the examination of plant and animal fossils. Paleontologists study fossils and the environments they formed in to piece together details about past ecosystems. The principle of uniformitarianism, first developed by James Hutton in 1788, holds that the same geological processes shaping Earth today have operated throughout its history. This theory helped establish that Earth is much older than previously believed. Relative dating methods like the law of superposition and use of index fossils allow paleontologists to determine the sequential order of geological events and changing life forms without knowing exact time periods.
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