The video discusses the different forces that act on the earth's crust and how they cause deformation through various mechanisms. Compression causes squeezing and increases density, tension causes pulling and decreases density, and shearing causes twisting. These forces result in fracturing, faulting, and folding of rocks in the crust. Fractures are cracks, faults are cracks with lateral movement, and folds are bends in rock layers. Anticlines are upward folds and synclines are downward folds. Various factors like temperature, pressure, rock type, and rate of force application determine whether rocks fault or fold when subjected to deformation.

1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DppbibMhAXU

2. I. Crust – the surface layer of the earth
A. Continental: land not under the oceans
B. Average of 32km, but can be as thick as
70km
II. Oceanic
A. Ocean floor
B. Average of 8km thick
Review: Which one is denser?

4. a. The forces that
pull and push on
the earth’s crust
b. Causes
deformation – the
tilting, breaking or
folding of rock

5. Compression –
squeezes the
rocks of the
crust,
decreasing
volume,
increasing
density
Think: Covergent

6. Tension – pull
the rocks of
the crust,
increasing
volume,
decreasing
density
Think: Divergent

7. Shearing – the
crust being
pushed in
opposite
directions
causing the
rocks to tear
and twist
Think: transform

8. a.
Shearing
b.
Tension
c.
Compression

9. c. Fracture – cracks in rocks
d. Fault – crack along which rocks move
sideways, up, or down.
i. Fault block mountains form from the
normal faults pushing up rock
ii. Rift valleys form when land between
normal faults slide down

11. e. Folding – a bend in the rock
i. Anticline – an upward fold
ii. Syncline – a downward fold
iii. Appalachian mountains are made from
folds

13. i. Higher temperatures will cause folding/lower
temps. cause faulting
ii. Greater pressure causes folding/lower
pressure causes faulting
Rock type
iii. Brittle rock will more likely fault
iv. Ductile (bendable) rock will more likely fold
v. Pressure applied gradually will cause
folding/fast will cause faulting

14. What’s the difference
between anticline and
syncline folding?!