This document summarizes coronary circulation and coronary angioplasty. It discusses the anatomy of the coronary arteries and their distribution. It then covers common cardiac conditions like angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. It explains percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) as a nonsurgical procedure to open blocked arteries using a balloon catheter. Finally, it provides tips for heart health, including doing cardiovascular exercise, managing stress, stopping smoking, having a balanced diet, and incorporating exercises like walking, running, and yoga.

1. Coronary Circulation and
Coronary Angioplasty
PRESENTED BY:-
AAYUSH PANSURIA
KHYATI SHUKLA
PURVA PANARA
JANVI PADSUMBIYA
AVNEESH RAJ
NMCRC Visnagar
MBBS Batch of 2021

2. Contents
Coronary Arteries and Cardiac Dominance
Area of Distribution of Coronary Arteries
Applied Aspects- Angina Pectoris and Myocardial Infarction
PTCA and Cath Lab
How to take care of your heart

3. Coronary
Arteries
The cardiac muscle is supplied by two coronary
arteries- the right and the left coronary arteries
Both arteries arise from the sinuses behind the cusps of
the aortic valves at the root of the aorta
The blood flows through these arteries during the
diastole of heart
Diameter of the coronary arteries are around 1.5 to 5.3
mm
These arteries are “functional end arteries”. Though
their branches anastomose with each other, but one
cannot compensate for the other artery in case of
thrombosis.

7. (a) Right-Dominant Heart (b) Left-Dominant Heart (c) Co-Dominant Heart
Cardiac Dominance

10. Angina Pectoris
•Sudden, severe, pressing chest pain
starting substernal and radiating to
left arm and neck
•It is caused due to imbalance
between the oxygen requirement and
oxygen supply
•Risk factors include age, sex, obesity
and diabetes

12. Myocardial Infarction
•Myocardial Infarction is defined as a diseased condition which is caused
by reduced blood flow in coronary artery due to atherosclerosis and
occlusion of an artery by a thrombus.
•MI or heart attack is the irreversible damage of myocardial tissue caused
by prolonged ischaemia and hypoxia
•Causes include Tobacco smoking, hypertension, drug abuse, obesity,
stress, alcohol
•Clinical manifestations include chest pain, dyspnoea, fatigue, nausea,
vomiting, palpitations, arrhythmia
•Serum Cardiac Markers are:
Creatinine phosphokinase (CK)
Lactic Dehydrogenase (LDH)
Cardiac specific troponins (cTn)

13. ECG Changes
•ST segment elevation
•T wave inversion
•Appearance of wide deep Q waves

14. Plaque
Formation

15. Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary
Angioplasty (PTCA)
•Angioplasty with or without stenting is a nonsurgical
procedure used to open clogged or narrow coronary arteries
due to underlying atherosclerosis.
•The procedure involves introducing an inflatable balloon-
tipped catheter through the skin in extremities and inflating
the balloon once it traverses the stenosed arterial site.
•It pushes the atherosclerotic intraluminal plaque against the
arterial wall and restores the luminal diameter.
•Thereby it normalises the blood flow to the myocardium.
•It is a treatment of choice for unstable angina, myocardial
infarction and spontaneous coronary artery perforation.

23. The Cardiac Catheterization lab
or The Cath lab

26. An angioplasty is not a cure for heart
disease. It may help control your
symptoms, but it does not fix the
underlying heart disease that caused
the symptoms in the first place.
To lower your chance of further
heart problems, you will need to
make and maintain changes to your
lifestyle.
Note:

27. How to take care of your heart

28. Do more Cardio
Cardio stands for
Cardiovascular exercise
which works to strengthen
your heart muscles
Walking, jogging and running
all help build cardiovascular
health
Interval training at infrequent
times works your heart more
than a steady pace
Just 30 minutes a day of
cardiovascular exercise is a
great start to improving your
health

29. Manage your stress
• Don’t just cope with your stress- positive
thinking and light exercise are 2 ways to help
deal with and manage your stress.
• When stressed, your body releases adrenaline, a
hormone that temporarily causes your breathing
and heart rate to speed up and your blood
pressure to rise
• Some people with high levels of stress may have
higher blood pressure, cholesterol or are more
prone to developing atherosclerosis

30. Stop smoking
•20 minutes after your last
cigarette your blood pressure
and pulse return to normal
•18% of annual deaths in
America are smoking related
according to a 2014 study by
The American Heart
Association
•The risk of strokes is higher in
smokers as their blood pressure
and cholesterol temporarily
increase with each cigarette

31. Have a balanced diet
•A diet high in saturated and trans-fats lead to high cholesterol
levels
•Unsaturated fats and Polyunsaturated fats are beneficial for
your heart health and can be found in fish, nuts, seeds and
vegetables
•Omega-3 Fatty acids can decrease the risk of arrhythmias
(abnormal heartbeats) which can lead to sudden death

32. Eating for a Healthy Heart

33. Exercises for a healthy heart
WALKING RUNNING YOGA CYCLING WEIGHT
TRAINING
SWIMMING

34. Thank you