Drilling fluids are absolutely essential during the drilling process and considered the primary well control.
Know more now about such a very important component of the drilling process.
Drilling fluids are absolutely essential during the drilling process and considered the primary well control.
Know more now about such a very important component of the drilling process.
Drill stem test (DST) is one of the most famous on-site well testing that is used to unveil critical reservoir and fluid properties such as reservoir pressure, average permeability, skin factor and well potential productivity index. It is relatively cheap on-site test that is done prior to well completion. Upon the DST results, usually, the decision of the well completion is taken.
I hope this presentation helps you to understand why sometimes it becomes a necessity that we use secondary cementing . You can also know the equipment used in secondary cementing process .
Any questions contact me at karim.elfarash@std.suezuniv.edu.eg
This is an academic lecture for Diploma in Engineering 7th Semester Mining and Mine Survey Technology. The Course related to this presentation is Basic of well drilling process.
The presentation highlights the root causes of major drilling issues such as formation pressure uncertainty, subsurface feature like mud volcanoes, major fault, poor well planning & etc. Then it elaborates on consequences of all above on examples of wellbore instability, sticking, gumbo & so on.
Well Control is very important in Petroleum Engineering and necessary for being able to avoid hazards and controlling them as much as possible. This presentation provides valuable notes, instructions, and information about Well Control.
Drill stem test (DST) is one of the most famous on-site well testing that is used to unveil critical reservoir and fluid properties such as reservoir pressure, average permeability, skin factor and well potential productivity index. It is relatively cheap on-site test that is done prior to well completion. Upon the DST results, usually, the decision of the well completion is taken.
I hope this presentation helps you to understand why sometimes it becomes a necessity that we use secondary cementing . You can also know the equipment used in secondary cementing process .
Any questions contact me at karim.elfarash@std.suezuniv.edu.eg
This is an academic lecture for Diploma in Engineering 7th Semester Mining and Mine Survey Technology. The Course related to this presentation is Basic of well drilling process.
The presentation highlights the root causes of major drilling issues such as formation pressure uncertainty, subsurface feature like mud volcanoes, major fault, poor well planning & etc. Then it elaborates on consequences of all above on examples of wellbore instability, sticking, gumbo & so on.
Well Control is very important in Petroleum Engineering and necessary for being able to avoid hazards and controlling them as much as possible. This presentation provides valuable notes, instructions, and information about Well Control.
ground water hydrology of Ethiopia.
Hydrology means the science of water. The science deals with occurrence, circulation, and distribution of water of the earth and earth’s atmosphere. Practical applications of hydrology are found in such tasks as the design and operation of hydraulic structures, water supply, wastewater treatment and disposal, irrigation, drainage, hydropower generation, flood control, navigation, erosion and sediment control, salinity control, pollution abatement, recreational use of water, and fish and wildlife protection. Hydrology may be considered to encompass all the hydro-sciences, or defined more strictly as the study of the hydrologic cycle, that is, the endless circulation of water between the earth and its atmosphere. Hydrologic knowledge is applied to the use and control of water resources on the land areas of the earth.
As the branch of science, hydrology is concerned with the water in streams and lakes, rainfall and snowfall, snow and ice on the land and water accruing below the earth’s surface in the pores of the soil & rocks. In general sense, hydrology is very broad subject of on inter-disciplinary nature drawing support from allied sciences, such as meteorology, geology, statistics, chemistry, physics and fluid mechanics hydrology is basically an applied science. It can be used in irrigation, drainage, flood control, water supply, etc. To further emphasize the degree (extent) of applicability, this subject is sometimes classified as: The three important phases of the hydrologic cycle are:
Evaporation and evapotranspiration
Precipitation and
Runoff and
The globe has one-third land and two-thirds Ocean. Evaporation from the surfaces of ponds, lakes, reservoirs, Ocean surfaces, etc. and transpiration from surface vegetation i.e., from plant leaves of cropped land and forests, etc. take place. These vapors rise to the sky, are condensed at higher altitudes by condensation nuclei, and form clouds, resulting in droplet growth. The clouds melt and sometimes burst to result in precipitation of different forms like rain, snow, hail, sleet, mist, dew, and frost. A part of this precipitation flows over the land called runoff and part infilters into the soil, which builds up the groundwater table. The surface runoff joins the streams and the water is stored in reservoirs. A portion of surface runoff and groundwater flow back to the ocean. Again, evaporation starts from the surfaces of lakes, reservoirs, and ocean, and the cycle repeats.
• Of these three phases of the hydrologic cycle, namely, evaporation, precipitation, and runoff, it is the ‘runoff phase’, which is important to a civil engineer since he is concerned with the storage of surface runoff in tanks and reservoirs for the purposes of irrigation, municipal water supply hydroelectric power, etc.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
2. CORING
A drill that removes a cylindrical core from the drill hole.
Coring is taking a cylindrical sample of a reservoir using a
special drill bit and barrel.
The material left inside the drill bit is referred to as the core.
5. The core samples are recovered and examined
by geologists for mineral percentages and
stratigraphic contact points.
APPLICATION
6.
7. CASING
Casing is a large diameter pipe that is assembled and inserted
into a recently drilled section of a borehole and typically held
in place with cement.
Casing is set inside the drilled well to protect and support the
well stream.
8. Prevent contamination of fresh water well zones.
Provides a strong upper foundation to use high-density drilling fluid to
continue drilling deeper.
Isolates different zones, that may have different pressures or fluids - known
as zonal isolation, in the drilled formations from one another.
Prevents fluid loss into or contamination of production zones.
Provides a smooth internal bore for installing production equipment.
Decreases the well construction costs, enhance the efficiency of operation
and also diminish the environmental impacts.
9. Typically, a well contains multiple intervals of casing successively placed within
the previous casing run. The following casing intervals are typically used in an
oil or gas well:
Conductor casing
Surface casing
Production casing
Production liner
10.
11.
12. CEMENTATION
Oil Well cementing is the process of mixing a slurry of cement and water and
displacing it down the casing, tubing or drill pipe to a pre specified point in
the well.
Two types of cementing process
Primary cementation
Secondary cementation
13. PRIMARY CEMENTATION
The cementing takes place soon after the lowering of casing is
called primary cementation.
It is the process of mixing a slurry of cement and water and
pumping it down through steel casing of the critical points in
the annulus between casing and open hole.
14. SECONDARY CEMENTATION
ANY CEMENTING OPERATION THAT OCCUR AFTER THE PRIMARY
CEMENTING OPERATION.
TYPES OF SECONDARY CEMENTATION
PLUG CEMENTING
SQUEEZE CEMENTING
15. In plug cementation, a cement plug of a specified
length is placed across a selected interval. The
cement is normally pumped through open-ended drill
pipe or tubing.
In squeeze cementation the slurry is forced by
pressure to a specified point in the annulus to cause a
seal at the point of squeeze.
16. FUNCTIONS
To bond and support the casing.
Protect the casing from corrosion.
To restrict fluid movement between formations.
Protecting the casing from shock loads.
Sealing-off problematic zones.
18. DRILLING FLUIDS
Any of a number of liquid and gaseous fluids and mixtures of
fluids used in operations to drill boreholes into the earth.
The active drilling-fluid system comprises a volume of fluid
that is pumped with specially designed mud pumps from the
surface pits, through the drill string exiting at the bit, up the
annular space in the wellbore, and back to the surface for
solids removal and maintenance treatments as needed.
19. FUNCTIONS OF DRILLING FLUID
Balances or overcomes formation pressures in the wellbore to minimize
the risk of well-control issues.
Supports and stabilizes the walls of the wellbore until casing can be set
and cemented or openhole-completion equipment can be installed.
Prevents or minimizes damage to the producing formation.
Cools and lubricates the drillstring and bit.
Transmits hydraulic horsepower to the bit.
Cleans the bit
20. TYPES OF DRILLING FLUIDS
• Freshwater systems
• Saltwater systems
• Oil- or synthetic-based systems
• Pneumatic (air, mist, foam, gas) “fluid” systems
21. WATER BASED MUD
Commonly consist of Bentonite Clay (gel) with additives such
as Barium sulphate (Barite), Calcium Carbonate (Chalk) or
Hematite.
23. FACTORS INFLUENCING DRILLING FLUID
PERFORMANCE
• The change of drilling fluid viscosity.
• The change of drilling fluid density.
• The change of mud pH.
• Thermal stability of the drilling fluid.
• Differential sticking.
