This document provides information on various contraception methods including condoms, the pill, contraceptive injections, IUDs, implants, diaphragms, emergency contraception, vasectomy and female sterilization. It describes how each method works, effectiveness rates, potential side effects and other relevant details. The key methods covered are condoms, the pill, contraceptive injections, IUDs (Mirena and copper coil), implants and diaphragms. Emergency contraception and permanent methods of vasectomy and female sterilization are also briefly outlined.

1. Contraception

2. • Condoms
• The Pill
• Contraceptive injection
• Inter uterine device (Mirena / The Coil)
• Hormonal Implants
• Diaphragm with spermicide
• Emergency Contraception
• Vasectomy
• Female Sterilisation
Contraception

3. Condoms
Male Condom
• 1st
equal (with the pill) as the most popular
choice for contraception
• Protect against STD’s and unwanted
pregnancy
• Made of latex (a thin form of rubber)
• 98% effective in preventing pregnancy
• One time use

4. Condoms
Female condom
• 95% effective in preventing pregnancy
• Placed inside the female’s vagina before
intercourse
• One time use

5. The Pill
• 1st
equal (with condoms) as the most
popular choice of contraception
• First used in 1956
• Mostly safe but can have some side
effects – you must see a doctor before
taking the pill
• 99% effective in preventing pregnancy

6. The Pill
How does it work?
• Hormones can prevent an egg from
releasing (preventing ovulation) or…
• Prevent a fertilised egg from embedding in
the uterine wall

8. The Pill
The Good Points
• it usually abolishes period pains
• it makes periods shorter
• it makes them lighter.
• Because of this, you are less likely to become
anaemic.
• If you have acne, the Pill should usually improve
it – but not always.

9. The Pill
The Bad Points
• Headaches
• nausea
• breast tenderness
• slight weight gain
• slight 'spotting' of blood between the
periods.

10. The Pill
The Really Bad Points
• deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or clotting
(this is now thought to be slightly more
common in women who are taking Pills
containing the progestogens desogestrel
and gestodene)
• heart attacks
• strokes

11. Contraceptive Injection

12. Contraceptive Injection
• AKA – the Jab
• Depo-Provera and Noristerat
• Introduced in the early 1970’s
• Prevent ovulation for 8-12 weeks
• Uses the hormone Progesterone
• 99% effective in preventing pregnancy

13. Contraceptive Injection
The Good Points
• Prevents….
• ovarian cysts
• ectopic pregnancy.

14. Contraceptive Injection
The Bad Points
• heavy periods (menorrhagia)
• prolonged periods
• irregular or infrequent periods (oligomenorrhoea)
• absent periods – though many women are grateful for this effect
• headaches
• tummy ache
• weakness
• dizziness
• weight gain
• delayed return of fertility after stopping the jab – however, there’s no
evidence at present of long-term infertility.

15. Inter uterine device (IUD)

16. IUD
Mirena
• Releases progesterone – prevents
pregnancy by thickening the mucus at the
cervix
• Also thins the lining of the womb,
preventing implantation of a fertilised egg
• 99% effective at preventing pregnancy
• Lasts for 5 years

17. IUD
Copper Coil
• Just like the Mirena except it has no
hormone
• Prevents pregnancy by preventing the
fertilised egg implanting itself in the uterine
wall
• 99% effective in preventing pregnancy
• Can leave in for up to 5 years

18. Hormonal Implants
• A small device (rod shaped) is implanted
underneath female’s skin (on the arm)
• 99% effective in preventing pregnancy
• Introduced in the early 90’s
• Last for an average of five years

19. Diaphragm

20. Diaphragm
• A barrier between the sperm and the
cervix
• Must be “in place” before sex and must
remain “in place” for a minimum of six
hours
• 80 – 96% effective
• Better with spermicide
• Must see a nurse to have it fitted.

21. Emergency Contraceptive Pill
• ECP – must be taken
within 72 hours (3 days)
of unprotected sex
• It delays the release of
an egg
• Prevents sperm from fertilising the egg
• Stop a fertilised egg from attaching to the
uterine wall

22. Two Scenarios
• In pairs discuss what advice you would give
• Scenario one: You are a Family Planning nurse.
A 35 year old lady is seeking information on
what her options are for preventing pregnancy.
She is married with three children.
• Scenario two: You are a Family Planning nurse.
A female young adult comes in and would like
some advice on what contraception she should
use. She is not in a relationship but is sexually
active.