This presentation is about contraception and birth control. It contains information about the type of contraceptive methods, how they are used and how effective they are.
National Family Planning methods - different types of methods temporary as well as permanent used to prevent pregnancy #Barrier methods #Oral pills #Mirena #Cu T #Female sterilization methods #Tubal Ligation #NSV
An intensive material on recent advances on contraception including the current contraceptive methods and a brief overview on immunocontraception and contraceptive vaccines
Family planning: is defined as "educational, comprehensive medical or social activities and services which enable individuals, including minors, to determine freely the number and spacing of their children and to select the means by which this may be achieved.
Birth control: Birth control is the use of any practices, methods, or devices to prevent pregnancy from occurring in a sexually active woman. Also referred to as family planning, pregnancy prevention, fertility control, or contraception; birth control methods are designed either to prevent fertilization of an egg or implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus. Birth control methods may be reversible or irreversible.
Contraception: (birth control) prevents pregnancy by interfering with the normal process of ovulation, fertilization, and implantation. There are different kinds of birth control that act at different points in the process.
Benefits of Family planning
Women/family
• Better health
• Less physical/emotional strain
• Improved quality of life
• Increased educational opportunities
• Increased economic opportunities
• More energy for household activities
• More energy for personal development and community activities
For Children:
• Better health
• More food and other resources available
• Greater opportunity for emotional support from parents
• Better opportunity for education
Factors that affect on the decision of using contraception:
• husband involvement
• Effectiveness--statistics show two numbers:
- Failure rate: no. of women per 100 who become pregnant after 1 yr. when using a birth control consistently & correctly
- Typical use failure rate: takes into account improper or inconsistent use
• Cost
• Ease of use
• Side effects
Family planning methods
• Hormone-based contraceptives
6 types
1) Oral contraceptives (pills)
2) Vaginal ring
3) Transdermal patch
4) Injected hormones
5) Hormonal implants
6) Hormonal IUDs
Oral contraceptives pills
Types of Contraceptives Pills
Combined oral contraceptives (COCs)
Most widely used
Contain both estrogen & progestagen
Triphasic pill
Levels of hormones (estrogen & progestin) fluctuate during cycle
Progestin-only pills (POPs)
Contain only a progestagen, mostly Levonorgestrel (no estrogen).
Especially suitable for breastfeeding women.
How hormonal contraceptives work
FSH & LH trigger ovulation
How to use oral contraceptives
Vertical transmission is major contributor- HIV among children
No intervention – as high as 45%
With interventions – as low as less than 5%
Minimal manipulation
NVD vs. C-section
Anti retroviral prophylaxis vs. anti retroviral therapy
Exclusive breastfeeding vs. exclusive replacement feeding
Follow-up and care.
“Clinicians should proactively talk to their patients of reproductive age about ECPs and offer advance prescriptions for ECPs during routine gynecologic office visits….”
National Family Planning methods - different types of methods temporary as well as permanent used to prevent pregnancy #Barrier methods #Oral pills #Mirena #Cu T #Female sterilization methods #Tubal Ligation #NSV
An intensive material on recent advances on contraception including the current contraceptive methods and a brief overview on immunocontraception and contraceptive vaccines
Family planning: is defined as "educational, comprehensive medical or social activities and services which enable individuals, including minors, to determine freely the number and spacing of their children and to select the means by which this may be achieved.
Birth control: Birth control is the use of any practices, methods, or devices to prevent pregnancy from occurring in a sexually active woman. Also referred to as family planning, pregnancy prevention, fertility control, or contraception; birth control methods are designed either to prevent fertilization of an egg or implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus. Birth control methods may be reversible or irreversible.
Contraception: (birth control) prevents pregnancy by interfering with the normal process of ovulation, fertilization, and implantation. There are different kinds of birth control that act at different points in the process.
Benefits of Family planning
Women/family
• Better health
• Less physical/emotional strain
• Improved quality of life
• Increased educational opportunities
• Increased economic opportunities
• More energy for household activities
• More energy for personal development and community activities
For Children:
• Better health
• More food and other resources available
• Greater opportunity for emotional support from parents
• Better opportunity for education
Factors that affect on the decision of using contraception:
• husband involvement
• Effectiveness--statistics show two numbers:
- Failure rate: no. of women per 100 who become pregnant after 1 yr. when using a birth control consistently & correctly
- Typical use failure rate: takes into account improper or inconsistent use
• Cost
• Ease of use
• Side effects
Family planning methods
• Hormone-based contraceptives
6 types
1) Oral contraceptives (pills)
2) Vaginal ring
3) Transdermal patch
4) Injected hormones
5) Hormonal implants
6) Hormonal IUDs
Oral contraceptives pills
Types of Contraceptives Pills
Combined oral contraceptives (COCs)
Most widely used
Contain both estrogen & progestagen
Triphasic pill
Levels of hormones (estrogen & progestin) fluctuate during cycle
Progestin-only pills (POPs)
Contain only a progestagen, mostly Levonorgestrel (no estrogen).
Especially suitable for breastfeeding women.
How hormonal contraceptives work
FSH & LH trigger ovulation
How to use oral contraceptives
Vertical transmission is major contributor- HIV among children
No intervention – as high as 45%
With interventions – as low as less than 5%
Minimal manipulation
NVD vs. C-section
Anti retroviral prophylaxis vs. anti retroviral therapy
Exclusive breastfeeding vs. exclusive replacement feeding
Follow-up and care.
“Clinicians should proactively talk to their patients of reproductive age about ECPs and offer advance prescriptions for ECPs during routine gynecologic office visits….”
family planning content with recent advances ..family planning is for everyone ...content can be used for educational purposes ....by sharanjit kaur jhajj
Making Healthy Choices Your Contraceptive OptionsMs.docxsmile790243
Making Healthy Choices:
Your Contraceptive Options
Ms. Jeanette Shanley
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If it’s underlined…..
It could be on the Final !
The average woman is capable of bearing children for 36 years. Yet for 27 of those years, most women are actively trying to prevent pregnancy. Here’s the latest on everything from the Pill to the female condom – and what works best when.
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Points To Remember:
What is it?
How does it work?
How do you use it?
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What Method Do I Choose?How will it work?Will it be convenient for me?Does it offer protection against STDs and pregnancy?Where can I find it?How much will it cost?
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Barrier vs. Hormonal MethodsBarrier methods
Made out of a material such as latex to prevent the sperm from reaching the egg.
May help prevent STDs.Hormonal methods
Used only by a woman.
NO protection against STDs.
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I. Non-Prescription MethodsMethods that can be obtained in drug stores, grocery stores, clinics, and most major retail chains.Can be less expensive or FREE.No hormonal side effects.
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Male CondomMade out of latex or polyurethane.Lubricated or Non-Lubricated.Textures, flavors, and colors.
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Male Condom:Keep in a cool, dry place. DO NOT keep in your wallet or car.Check expiration date!!86-89% effective with typical use.So…How do you put on a condom?
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Advantages/DisadvantagesAdvantages:
Effective, safe, fairly inexpensive.
Helps protect against STDs.
May help intercourse last longer.Disadvantages:
Can be messy. Can break.
Requires a water-based lubricant.
Can be allergic to latex or polyurethane.
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Female CondomA soft polyurethane tube with 2 rings, fits inside the vagina and covers part of the outer lips.85% effective with typical use.How do I use a female condom?
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Advantages/DisadvantagesAdvantages:
Effective and safe.
Can be inserted 8 hrs. before sex.
Helps protect against STDs.
Lubricated.Disadvantages:
Can be messy. Can break.
Can be allergic to material.
CANNOT be used together with a male condom.
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SpermicidesA chemical designed to kill sperm.Cream, jelly, foam, film, or suppository.80% effective on its own, more effective if used with condom or diaphragm.How do I use a spermicide?
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Advantages/DisadvantagesAdvantages:
Somewhat effective, safe, and a good lubricant.
Inexpensive.Disadvantages:
Must be inserted before intercourse.
NO protection against STDs.
Must reapply with each sex act.
May require a waiting period (10 minutes).
May cause vaginal irritation.
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( Dental) DamA thin latex or polyurethane sheet used for oral sex.Can help reduce the risk of contracting an STD.How is a dam used?
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Advantages/DisadvantagesAdvantages:
Helps protect against STDs.
Inexpensive.
M ...
Birth control methods.ppsm WITH POWERPLUGS effects download to see effects V7_JED
Review, update and validate content before using, CREDITS TO THE OWNERS OF THE INFOS, animations AND GRAPHICS USED "I DON'T OWN THEM". I accidentally deleted the slides that contains the references - but these are reliable. I uploaded this as a secondary material for MAPEH teachers its the responsibility of the user to update and check content for errors. TY
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
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This visual guide breaks down important metrics across four categories: Patient-Centered Metrics, Care Efficiency Metrics, Quality of Life Metrics, and Staff Metrics. Each section is designed to help healthcare professionals monitor and improve care delivery for patients facing serious illnesses. Understand how to implement these metrics in your palliative care practices for better outcomes and higher satisfaction levels.
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Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
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Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
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In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
2. WHAT IS CONTRACEPTION
Contraception is the use of various devices, drugs, agents, sexual
practices, or surgical procedures to prevent conception or impregnation
(pregnancy). Contraception help women plan if and when they want a
baby. The condom is currently the only contraceptive device that help
protect sexual partners from sexual transmitted diseases.
3. BIRTH CONTROL
Birth control involves one or more actions, devices, sexual practices or
medications followed to intentionally prevent or reduce the likelihood of
pregnancy or child birth.
4. PERFECT VS TYPICAL
Perfect User: A person who uses the method perfectly and consistently.
Typical User: A person who uses the method incorrectly or not every time.
5. TYPES OF BIRTH CONTROL
Natural
Barrier
Hormonal
Long-Term
7. ABSTINENCE
Sexual Abstinence can mean choosing to abstain from different levels of
sexual activity. Here are a couple of possible definitions of sexual abstinence
between two consenting people:
avoiding vaginal intercourse (penis to vagina sex)
avoiding vaginal, oral (mouth to penis or vagina sex) and anal intercourse
(penis to anus sex)
avoiding genital contact (any type of direct touching of the partner’s
penis or vagina).
8. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages
Minimal risk of misuse
Freedom from the threat of STI and HIV infection, if no exchange of body fluids
occurs
No physical side effects
No need to visit a health care provider
No cost, unless condoms and dams are used for oral-genital sex
Disadvantages:
There are no disadvantages of abstinence if a couple is able to maintain a fulfilling
relationship without the need for penetrative sex. When couples choose this
approach they are wise to become knowledgeable about contraceptive
alternatives and to have barrier methods available in the event that they decide
to have penetrative sexual intercourse at some later date.
9. WITHDRAWAL METHOD
In this contraceptive method, the man withdraws his penis from a
woman’s vagina before ejaculation. Both partners must be in agreement
on this method, and must be prepared to deal with an unplanned
pregnancy, which can occur in 1 out of 5 users.
10. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages:
Put simply, withdrawal is better than nothing. If you rely on withdrawal as
your primary method of birth control, there is a good chance of having an
unplanned pregnancy. Unless you are prepared to deal with that
possibility, it is highly recommended that you put off intercourse until some
other form of contraception can be obtained.
Disadvantages:
This method isn’t very effective because there may be sperm in the pre-
ejaculate, which can lead to pregnancy. It also requires a lot of self-
control and practice. Studies show a failure rate of 19% in typical users.
Withdrawal also offers no protection from STIs.
11. RHYTHM METHOD
A woman practices the rhythm method of birth control by learning to
recognize the days she is fertile and not having sex before and during
those days. The rhythm method does not work for all couples. Women who
have regular menstrual cycles and who are very careful about when they
have sex usually find it to be effective. Women who have irregular cycles
and who are not so careful often end up becoming pregnant.
The rhythm method is typically 75% to 87% effective.
12. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages:
low cost
safety
no need for medical devices or medications
lack of side effects
Disadvantages:
the fact that both members of the couple must be involved in the process
the need to abstain from sex during your fertile days, or to use backup
contraception
the need to consistently track your cycles for at least six months before the
method can be considered reliable
a high failure rate compared with almost all other non-abstinence-based birth
control methods (i.e. condoms, the pill, diaphragms, etc.)
13. BARRIER METHODS
A barrier method is used during intercourse to keep sperm away from
traveling through the cervix and into the uterus.
Male Condom
Female Condom
Spermicide
Diaphragm
14. MALE CONDOM
Made of latex, plastic and sheep skin. Sheep skin condom do not provide STI
protection.
How to use:
Store at room temperature
No exposure to heat or direct sunlight
Only use water based lubricants
Allergy tests can be done
Alternative to latex condom is polyurethane
15. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages:
Protects against both pregnancy and STI’s
Is accessible and affordable
98% effective
Disadvantages:
May reduce sensitivity and spontaneity during intercourse
May cause skin irritation
16. FEMALE CONDOM
Advantages:
Offer extra STI protection
Can be inserted up to 8 hours before intercourse
Disadvantages:
Some women do not feel comfortable with this method
It can be expensive
17. SPERMICIDE
Spermicides are available in foam, jelly, suppositories and vaginal films.
Spermicide works by creating a chemical and physical barrier inside the
vagina by doing 2 things:
• Contains nonoxyl-9 which kills sperm or make them immobile
• Forming a temporary plug around the cervix
Foams and gels can be used immediately. Vaginal films and suppositories
require a 15 minute wait.
85% effective
Each application is effective up to 1 hour and needs to be reapplied for
each act of sex
Needs to remain in the cervix for the next 6 hours
18. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages:
They are affordable and available at most drug stores
They provide lubrication during sex
Disadvantages:
They can be messy
May cause skin irritation which can increase the risk of STI’s
19. DIAPHRAGM
A diaphragm is a flexible, latex, dome-shaped cup with a bendable rim. It is
designed to fit securely in the vagina to cover the cervix.
Use: A diaphragm acts as a physical barrier, so it's considered to be a
barrier method. By blocking the opening of uterus, sperm are prevented
from joining an egg. The diaphragm is held in place over the cervix by the
vaginal muscles. Before being inserted, a diaphragm is coated with
spermicidal cream, jelly, or foam; if any sperm manage to get over the rim
of the diaphragm, they will be immobilized by the spermicide.
20. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages:
It can be put in up to 6 hours before sex so it does not affect spontaneity
When taken care of, they can last for a long time
Disadvantages:
It is difficult for women to insert and remove
Some couples are allergic to the contraceptive cream
21. HORMONAL METHODS
Only for women
Some methods require a Doctor’s prescription
Contains hormones similar to progesterone and estrogen and works in the
combination to do the following:
• Prevents ovulation
• Thickens cervical mucus
• Thins uterine lining to prevent ovulation
22. POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS
Side effects vary from woman to woman. Most side effects disappear within 3
months.
Possible side effects include:
Changes in the menstrual cycle
Nausea
Breast tenderness
Mood changes
Drug interaction with certain medication
23. BIRTH CONTROL PILL
Contains estrogen and progestin.
How to use:
Start as directed by your physician
Use back-up method when starting
Pills must be taken orally everyday, at the same time
If missed taking one pill, follow instructions on the package
99.7% effective
24. Advantages:
The pill regulates a woman’s period
Periods are lighter with less cramps
Does not interrupt sex
Disadvantages:
Some women have a hard time remembering to take the pills
Some women experience side effects
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVATAGES
25. BIRTH CONTROL PATCH
Also called ortho-patch.
Contains estrogen and progestin
How to use:
Wear on body
Use backup method when starting
Change patch each week for three weeks. No patch for the fourth week and
woman gets her period.
Do not wear in same spot twice
Only wear the patch on the following areas of the body
Abdomen
Buttocks
Upper-outer arm
Upper-torso (front and back except breast)
26. ADVANTAGES ADND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages:
Only have to remember birth control once per week
Periods are lighter with less cramps
99.7% effective
Disadvantages:
Can be noticed on the body
Some women experience side effects including skin irritation
27. BIRTH CONTROL RINGS
Also called Nuva-Ring.
Contains estrogen and progestin
How to use:
Worn inside the vagina for 2 weeks
Fourth week the ring is removed and the woman gets her period
Use backup method when starting
Ring stays in vagina even during sex
28. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages:
Only have to remember birth control once per month
Periods are lighter with less cramps
Private
99.7% effective
Disadvantages:
Some women do not feel comfortable inserting this method
Some women experience side effects
29. BIRTH CONTROL SHOTS
Also called Depo-Provera.
Contains progestin only.
How to use:
The injection is given on the arm or buttocks by a physician
Use backup method when starting
Each injection lasts for three months (11-13 weeks). Must return to the medical
centre for the next injection.
Important guidelines:
Fertility may be delayed for up to 18months
Users may experience irregular bleeding and spotting
After one year, 50% of users stop menstrual bleeding
It is not recommended for more than 2 continuous years
30. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages:
Only have to remember birth control 4 times per year
Good method for smokers and women over 35
Very private
99.7% effective
Disadvantages:
Some women don’t like changes in their menstrual cycle
Some women experience side effects, including increase in appetite
31. LONG-TERM METHODS
There are three types:
Implanon (for women only)
IUD (for women only)
Sterilization ( for both male and female)
Long term methods are for women and men who want to wait 3 years before
having children or do not want any children in the future.
32. IMPLANON
A thin match-stick size rod made of plastic. It is inserted beneath the skin of
the arm, and a very small amount of the hormone progestin goes into the
blood stream all the time.
How to use:
Consult with a physician and have inserted at a medical centre.
last up to 3 years, must be removed by a clinician
33. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages:
Good long-term method
Very private
99.2% effective
Disadvantages:
May cause pain and or scar at the area of insertion
It may cause irregular vaginal bleeding
34. IUD (COPPER-T)
Intra-uterine device (IUD): Small flexible device that is covered with copper.
The IUD is inserted in the uterus with strings outside the cervix.
How to use:
Consult with a physician and have inserted at a medical centre by a
physician
Must check strings regularly to ensure strings are in place
Last up to one year, must be removed by a clinician
35. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages:
Good long-term method
Very private
99.2% effective
Disadvantages:
Can increase a woman’s risk of StI’s
Some women experience side effects including vaginal bleeding
36. TUBAL LIGATION
Procedure:
Out-patient surgery performed by a medical centre
Requires general anesthesia
Fallopian tubes are blocked preventing eggs from entering the uterus
Recovery time ranges from 2 days to a week
Effective immediately
Type of procedures:
There are many type of procedures and each type carry their own
benefits and risks. Fallopian tubes are either cut, burned, or blocked with
rings bands or clips.
37. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages:
Permanent method of birth control
Cost effective in the long run
99.5% effective
Disadvantages:
May not be reversible
Some health risks including, abnormal bleeding and ectopic pregnancy
38. VASECTOMY
Procedure:
Out patient surgery performed at a medical centre
Local anesthesia used to numb area
Vas deferens tubes are blocked, to prevent sperm from
traveling out of the body
Recovery time ranges from 1 day to less than a week
Effective after 10-20 post-vasectomy ejaculations and semen
analysis
Types of procedure:
In most procedures the surgeon will make small incisions in the skin
of the scrotum, cut the vas deferens and a small part may be
removed. They are either sealed or left open-ended.
39. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages:
Permanent method of birth control
Simpler and less expensive than woman sterilization
Fast recovery
99.9% recovery
Disadvantages:
May not be reversible
Some health risks including swelling and early failure
40. EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVE
Not a form of everyday contraception
Taken only in the case of birth control failure, rape or incest
Take up to five days after sexual contact
High dose of hormones
41. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages:
Avoid abortion or pregnancy
Can be purchased ahead of time
Available at most pharmacies and health centres
Disadvantages:
Can be expensive
Some side effects including nausea and cramps