This document discusses various methods of contraception, including behavioral, hormonal, and barrier methods. Behavioral methods involve predicting fertility through temperature and calendar tracking, as well as withdrawal and abstinence. Hormonal methods such as pills, patches, rings, shots, implants, and IUDs work by using hormones to prevent pregnancy. Barrier methods like male and female condoms and spermicides form a physical barrier to block sperm from entering the uterus. The document provides details on how each method works and its effectiveness.

1. CONTRACEPTION
FRANK SANTOS
HE 230 OL
PROJECT/ PRESENTATION
3/15/16

2. METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION
• Behavioral
• Hormonal
• Barrier
- Spermicides

3. BEHAVIORAL METHODS
• Predicting fertility: Basal Body Temperature
and Calendar Method
• Withdrawal/ Pullout Method
• Abstinence
- The only 100% effective way to prevent
pregnancy, STIs, HIV/ AIDs

4. WITHDRAWAL/ PULLOUT METHOD
• What is it?
• The man takes his penis out of the
vagina before he ejaculates.
• How is works?
• Male needs to ejaculate away from
female; sperm on legs and labia can still
travel into vagina
• Effectiveness: 78-96%

5. HORMONAL METHODS
• The Pill
• The Patch
• Vaginal Ring
• The Shot
• Implant
• IUD
• Emergency Contraception
• These methods add chemicals similar to
hormones to stop the release of an egg and
weaken the sperm.

6. THE PILL
• What is it?
• A pill taken orally every day at about the same time.
• Information about the Pill:
• There are many different brads.
• Side Effects:
• Your period can occur monthly, every 3 months, or not at all.
• Access: Any pharmacy
• Effectiveness: 91- 99.7%

7. THE PATCH
• What is it?
• A bandage – like a patch that sticks to your
skin.
• How to use?
• Change weekly
• No patch on the 4th week
• How it works?
• Hormones are absorbed through the skin.
• Less effective if you weight over 198
pounds.
• Side effects: May cause skin irritation.
• Access: Prescription needed.
• Effectiveness: 91-99.7%

8. VAGINAL RING
• What is it?
• A clear, soft, flexible 2 inch circle worn in the
vagina.
• How it works?
• The body absorbs hormones from the ring
through vaginal wall.
• The ring is inserted and left in the vagina for 3
weeks.
• Access: Prescription needed
• Effectiveness: 91-99.7%

9. THE SHOT
• What is it?
• A long acting hormone injection.
• How it works?
• Female is given a shot one time every 3
months.
• Side effects:
• Not reversible
• It make take a long time to get pregnant after
the shot
• More chance of weight gain.
• Access: Clinic/ doctor visit every 3 months
• Effectiveness: 94-99.8%

10. THE IMPLANT
• What is it?
• A soft road 1 ½ inches long placed under the skin in
your upper arm.
• How it works?
• Slowly releases hormones into your system.
• Can be taken out at any time.
• Access: Clinic/ doctor visit needed every 3 years
• Effectiveness: 99.95%

11. INTRA UTERINE DEVICE (IUD)
• What is it?
• A small plastic “T” with a string inserted into the uterus.
• How it works?
• Release synthetic progestin hormone that changes cervical,
fallopian tubes and the uterine lining. Stops or slows sperm
and egg.
• Last 5 years.
• Access: Clinic/ doctor visit needed for insertion and
removal.
• Effectiveness: 99.8%

12. EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION (MORNING
AFTER PILL)
• What is it?
• A pill or combination of pills you take after sex to
prevent pregnancy.
• How it works?
• Contains a higher dosage of the same hormones found
in regular birth control.
• Access: Available at pharmacy for girls 17+,
prescription is needed if less than 17 years old.
• Effectiveness: Approximately 95% if taken within
24 hours of unprotected sex.

13. BARRIER METHODS
• Male condoms
• Female condoms
• Spermicides

14. MALE CONDOMS
• What is it?
• A thin covering, made of latex, polyurethane, or
animal membrane.
• How to use?
• Put on before any genital contact. At withdrawal,
hold the rim in place at the base of the penis so it
does not slip off.
• Access: Easy to buy in a store, usually free at
a health clinic.
• Effectiveness: 82-98%

15. FEMALE CONDOMS
• What is it?
• A soft, loose pouch that is inserted in the vagina.
• How to use?
• Insert the small ring in vagina, large ring stays
outside partially covering labia.
• Access: Available at many pharmacies, clinics
and online.
• Effectiveness: 79-95%

16. SPERMICIDES
• Cream
• Gel
• Foam
• Film
• Suppositor
y
• Sponge
• What is it?
• Chemicals that go in
the vagina before sex
and kills sperm.
• Access: Easy to buy in a
pharmacy.
• Effectiveness: 72-91%

17. REFERENCES
• What's shiny & new? (n.d.). Retrieved March 15, 2016, from
http://www.scarleteen.com/
• Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS). (2015).
Retrieved March 15, 2016, from
http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/index.htm
• Birth Control Methods - Birth Control Options. (n.d.). Retrieved
March 15, 2016, from
https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control