2. Partner Communication
It takes two to have sex, and two to
decide and talk about:
•Whether or not to have sex
And if YES then,
•Birth Control
•Getting Tested for STIs
•Sexual History
3. Perfect vs. Typical
Perfect User: A person who uses the
method correctly and
consistently
Typical User: A person who uses the
method incorrectly or does
not use it every time
4. Benefits of Playing it Safe…
The only 100% method for
preventing pregnancy and
STIs is abstinence
6. Abstinence
What does abstinence mean?
Everyone has a different definition on abstinence
People can choose to be abstinent at different times in
their lives
I define abstinence as no:
- oral sex,
- vaginal sex,
- anal sex, or
- genital-to-genital rubbing with another person
Effectiveness:
100%
7. Abstinence
Pros:
No risk or worry about STI or pregnancy
Allows relationship to develop without the pressure of sex
No side effects or health risks
Cons:
Can be hard to follow
Many people fail to use protection when abstinence ends
8. Four Types of BC
Information-based
Barrier
Hormonal
Long-term
9. Withdrawal
How To Use:
The man pulls out of his partner before he ejaculates
He needs to ejaculate outside of his partner
The man needs to know his body well in order to use
this method
Effectiveness:
Perfect User: 96%
Typical User: 73%
10. Withdrawal
Advantages:
No health problems or side effects
No supplies needed No STI
Protection
Disadvantages:
Couple may feel it interrupts sex, the reason for its Latin name
coitus interruptus
The man must take responsibility for this method
11. Barrier Methods
A barrier method is used during intercourse to
keep sperm from traveling through the cervix
and into the uterus
13. Male Condom
Made of latex, plastic, and sheepskin.
Sheepskin condoms do not provide STI protection
How To Use:
Store at room temperature
No exposure to heat or direct sunlight
Only use water-based lubricants
Allergy test can be done Effectiveness:
Alternative to latex condom is polyurethane Perfect User: 98%
Typical User: 85%
14. Male Condom
Pros:
It protects against both pregnancy and STIs
Available in most drug stores and is affordable
Cons:
May reduce sensitivity and spontaneity during intercourse
May cause skin irritation
15. Female Condom
Advantages:
Offers extra STI protection
Can be inserted up to 8 hours before intercourse
Disadvantages:
Some women do not feel comfortable with this method
They can be expensive
16. Diaphragm
Advantages:
It can be put in up to 6 hours before sex, so it doesn’t affect
spontaneity
When taken care of, diaphragms last for a long time
Disadvantages:
No STI
Protection
It is difficult for women to insert and remove
Some couples are allergic to the contraceptive cream
17. Spermicides
Available in foams, jellies, vaginal films,
and suppositories
How To Use:
Spermicides work by creating a chemical and physical
barrier inside the vagina by doing two things:
- contains Nonoxyl-9 which kills sperm or makes them immobile
- forming a temporary plug around the cervix
Foams and gels can be used immediately.Vaginal films and
suppositories requires a 15 minute wait
Effectiveness:
Perfect User: 85%*
Typical User: 71%*
* Effectiveness rate increases when combined with a barrier method
18. Spermicides
Each application is effective up to 1 hour, and
needs to be reapplied for each act of sex
Need to remain in cervix for the next 6 hours
19. Spermicides
Advantages:
They are affordable and available at most drug stores
They provide lubrication during sex
No STI
Protection
Disadvantages:
May cause skin irritation which can increase risk of STIs
They can be messy
21. Hormonal Methods
Contains hormones similar to estrogen and progesterone
and work in combination to do the following:
1 Prevents ovulation
2 Thins uterine lining to prevent implantation
3 Thickens cervical mucus
22. Possible Side Effects
Side effects vary from woman to woman.
Most side effects disappear after 3
months.
Possible side effects include:
Changes in menstrual cycle
Nausea
Breast tenderness
Mood Changes
Drug interaction with certain medications
If any of these bother you, talk to your clinician.
You can switch to another brand with a lower dosage of
hormones, or try a different type of birth control
23. Birth Control Pill
Contains estrogen and progesterone
How To Use:
Start as directed by your clinician
Use back-up method when starting
Pill must be taken orally, every day, at the same time
If miss taking 1 pill, follow instructions on package
Missed pills may not only increase the risk of pregnancy Effectiveness:
but may also increase your chance of experiencing some Perfect User: 99.7%
side effects, such as bleeding between periods
Typical User: 92%
24. Birth Control Pill
Advantages:
The pill regulates a woman’s period
Periods are lighter with less cramps
It does not interrupt sex
No STI
Protection
Disadvantages:
Some women have a hard time remembering to take the pill
Some women experience side effects
25. Birth Control Patch
Also called Ortho-Patch
Contains estrogen and progestin
How To Use:
Wear on body (see next slide)
Use back-up method when starting
Change patch each week for 3 weeks
No patch the fourth week and woman gets period
Do not wear in same spot twice Effectiveness:
Perfect User: 99.7%
Typical User: 92%
27. Birth Control Patch
Advantages:
Only have to remember birth control once a week
Periods are lighter with less cramps
No STI
Disadvantages:
Protection
Can be noticed on body
Some women experience side effects, including skin irritation
28. Birth Control Ring
Also called Nuva-Ring
Contains estrogen and progestin
How To Use:
Worn inside the vagina for 3 weeks
Fourth week the ring is removed and woman gets her period
Use back-up method when starting
Stays inside vagina, even during sex
Effectiveness:
Perfect User: 99.7%
Typical User: 92%
29. Birth Control Ring
Advantages:
Only have to remember birth control once a month
Periods are lighter with less cramps
Private No STI
Protection
Disadvantages:
Some women do not feel comfortable inserting this method
Some women experience side effects
30. Birth Control Shot
Also called Depo-Provera
Contains progestin only
How To Use:
The injection is given in the arm or buttocks by a clinician
Use back-up method when starting
Each injection lasts 3 months (11-13 weeks). Must return
to medical center for next injection
Effectiveness:
Perfect: 99.7%
Typical: 97%
31. Birth Control Shot
Important Guidelines:
Fertility may be delayed for up to 18 months
Users may experience irregular bleeding and spotting
After one year, 50% of users stop menstrual bleeding
This method is not recommended for more than
2 continuous years
32. Birth Control Shot
Advantages:
Only have to remember birth control 4 times a year
Good method for smokers and women over 35
Very Private
No STI
Protection
Disadvantages:
Some women do not like change in menstrual cycle
Some women experience side effects, including increased appetite
33. Progestin-Only Methods
Contains the hormone progestin and are safe for
women who have an increased risk for blood clots
and heart problems
For women who:
- Smoke
- Over the age of 35 years old
- Breastfeeding women
Progesterone only methods include:
- Mini-Pill/ progesterone-only pills (POPs)
- Depo-Provera
- Mirena IUD
34. LONG – TERM METHODS
There are three types:
1.) Implanon for women only
2.) IUD for women only
3.) Sterilization for men and women
Long-term methods are recommended for men
and women who want to wait at least 3 years
before having children or do not want any
children in the future
35. Implanon
A thin match-stick size rod made of soft plastic.
It is inserted beneath the skin of the arm, and a
very small amount of the hormone progestin
goes
into the bloodstream all the time.
How To Use:
Consult with a clinician and have inserted at the medical
center
Lasts up to 3 years. Must be removed by a clinician
Effectiveness:
99.2%
36. Implanon
Advantages:
Good long term method
Very Private
No STI
Disadvantages: Protection
May cause pain and/or a scar in the area of insertion
It may cause irregular vaginal bleeding
37. IUD: Copper-T
Small, flexible device that is covered with
copper. The IUD is inserted into the uterus
with the strings outside the cervix
How To Use:
Consult with a clinician and have inserted at the medical center
Must check strings regularly to make sure the IUD is in place
Lasts up to 12 years. Must be removed by a clinician
Effectiveness:
99.2%
38. Hormonal IUD
Also called Mirena IUD. Similar to Copper-T, but
is coated with the hormone, progestin
Mirena releases progesterone and lasts up to 5 years
Effectiveness:
99.9%
39. The IUD
Advantages:
Good long term method
Very Private
No STI
Disadvantages: Protection
Can increase a woman’s risk of STIs
Some women experience side effects, including vaginal bleeding
40. Tubal Ligation
Procedure:
Out-patient surgery performed in a medical center
Requires general anesthesia
Fallopian tubes are blocked, preventing the egg
from entering the uterus
Recovery time ranges from 2 days to a week
Effective immediately Effectiveness:
99.5%
41. Tubal Ligation – Types of Procedures
There are many types of
procedures and each type
carries different risks and
benefits. Fallopian tubes
are either cut, burned, or
blocked with rings, bands,
or clips
42. Tubal Ligation
Pros:
Permanent method of birth control
Cost effective in the long-run
Cons:
No STI
May not be reversible Protection
Some health risks, including abnormal bleeding and
ectopic pregnancy
43. Vasectomy
Available at Planned Parenthood
Procedure:
Out-patient surgery performed in a medical center
Local anesthesia is used to numb the area
Vas deferens tubes are blocked, preventing the sperm
from traveling out of the body
Recovery time ranges from 1 day to less than a week
Effective after 10-20 post-vasectomy ejaculations Effectiveness:
and semen analysis 99.9%
44. Vasectomy – Types of Procedure
In most procedures,
the surgeon will make small
incisions in the skin of the
scrotum,
cut the vas deferens and a small
part may
be removed. They are either
sealed or left open-ended.
No-scalpel vasectomy is also
available, with little bleeding
and no stitches needed.
45. Vasectomy
Pros:
Permanent method of birth control
Simpler and less expensive than woman sterilization
Fast recovery
Cons: No STI
May not be reversible
Protection
Some health risks, including swelling and early
failure
46. Emergency Contraception
Not a form of everyday contraception
Taken only in cases of birth control failure, rape,
incest
Take up to five days after sexual contact
High dose of hormones
Ella, Next Choice or Plan B
For more information go to ec.princeton.edu
1-888-NOT-2-LATE
47. Emergency Contraception
Pros:
Can be purchased ahead of time
Avoid abortion or pregnancy
Available at pharmacies and health clinics to 17 and older
Under 17 need a prescription , no parental notification required
Cons:
$40
Some side effects – nausea and cramping
48. local health clinics
• Valley Community Clinic
888-763-4070 or 818-763-4070
www.teen411.com or www.jovenes411.com
• Planned Parenthood Los Angeles
Canoga Park and Van Nuys
www.pplosangeles.org 1-800-576-5544
• Los Angeles Department of Health Services
www.ladhs.org