Conjunctions are words that connect words, phrases, clauses, or sentences. There are two main types: coordinating conjunctions, which connect grammatically equal elements, and subordinating conjunctions, which introduce dependent clauses. Examples of coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, so, yet, for. Examples of subordinating conjunctions include because, as, before, after, while, since, when, where, although. Conjunctions must agree with the parts they are connecting. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, and clauses and indicate manner, place, time, frequency, or degree. Common adverb endings include -ly. Interjections are words or phrases

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2. Conjunction
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3. What is conjunction?
 A conjunction is a part of speech that is used to
connect words, phrases, clauses, or sentences.
Conjunctions are considered to be invariable
grammar particle, and they may or may not
stand between items they conjoin.
Example- He gave them no money, nor did he
help them in any way.
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4. Types of Conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunction:
Coordinating conjunctions coordinate or
join two or more sentences, main clauses,
words, or other parts of speech.
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5. Look at the following sentences.
He tried hard, but he did not succeed.
I shall do it now, or I shall not do it at all.
Maria was thirsty, so she drank some water.
John studied a lot, yet he didn’t pass the test.
Tom swims, and Jerry runs.
He must eat something, or he will die.
I called him, but he didn’t come.
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6. Subordinating Conjunction
 Subordinating conjunctions are parts of speech
that join dependent clauses to independent clauses.
 Example: Give me a call whenever you are free.
 He stops smoking as soon as he sees his father.
 He is late because he missed the bus.
 Though he was very rich, he was still very
unhappy.
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7.  Give me a call whenever you are free.
 He stops smoking as soon as he sees his father.
 He is late because he missed the bus.
 Though he was very rich, he was still very unhappy.
 She returned the computer after she noticed it was
damaged.
 When she was younger, she believed in fairy tales.
 The museum was very interesting as I expected.
 Some people tell me that money can’t buy happiness.
 Wherever you go, you can always find beauty.
Since I have no money, I can't go to the movie.
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9. Conjunction Rules
Conjunctions are for connecting thoughts, actions,
and ideas as well as nouns, clauses, and other parts
of speech. For example: Mary went to the
supermarket and bought oranges.
Conjunctions are useful for making lists. For
example: We made pancakes, eggs, and coffee for
breakfast.
When using conjunctions, make sure that all the
parts of your sentences agree. For example: “I work
busily yet am careful” does not agree. “I work
busily yet carefully” shows agreement.
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10. Examples
I tried to hit the nail but hit my thumb instead.
I have two goldfish and a cat.
I’d like a bike for commuting to work.
You can have peach ice cream or a brownie sundae.
Neither the black dress nor the gray one looks right on
me.
My dad always worked hard so we could afford the
things we wanted.
I try very hard in school yet I am not receiving good
grades.
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11. Conjunction Exercises
1. My brother loves animals. He just
brought a puppy __________ a kitten
home with him.
1. But
2. Or
3. Yet
4. And
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12. I’d like to thank you ______ the lovely
gift.
1. Or
2. For
3. And
4. Yet
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13. I want to go for a hike _____ I have to go
to work today.
1. But
2. Yet
3. Or
4. For
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14. They do not smoke, _____ do they play
cards.
1. And
2. Or
3. Nor
4. Yet
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15. I’m getting good grades _________ I
study every day.
1. Or
2. Yet
3. But
4. Because
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16. Adverb
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17. An adverb is a word that is used to change
or qualify the meaning of an adjective,
a verb, a clause, another adverb, or any
other type of word or phrase with the
exception of determiners and adjectives
that directly modify nouns.
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20. How to use adverb in a sentence?
There are many rules for using adverbs, and
these rules often depend upon which type of
adverb you are using.
Adverbs are often formed by adding the letters
“-ly” to adjectives. This makes it is very easy
to identify the adverbs in sentences.
However, There are many exceptions to this
rule; everywhere, nowhere, and upstairs are a
few examples.
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21. How to use adverb in a sentence?
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An adverb can be used to modify an adjective
and intensify the meaning it conveys.
Example :
1. He plays tennis well. (He knows how to play
tennis and sometimes he wins.)
2. He plays tennis extremely well. (He knows
how to play tennis so well that he wins often.)

22. Kinds of adverbs
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23. 1. Adverb of time
2. Adverb of place
3. Adverb of number/frequency
4. Adverb of Quantity
5. Adverb of Manner
6. Adverb of Reason
7. Adverb of Affirmation or Negation
8. Interrogative Adverbs
9. Relative Adverbs
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24. Adverb of time
Things happened are modified by words such
as after, always, before, later, now, today,
yesterday, etc.
Examples: I met him yesterday.
Call me later.
He was awake all night.
We read newspaper daily.
They go out to dinner weekly.
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25. Adverb of Place
Adverb of place tells us where something
happens. Everywhere, here, inside, there,
underground, upstairs, etc.
Examples: They built a house nearby.
He took the child outside.
I searched everywhere but I couldn’t find my
keys.
Come in here.
Cats don’t walk backwards.
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26. Adverb of number/frequency
 Adverb of frequency describes how often
something happens
Examples :
 He is often late for work.
 We seldom see John.
 They take a vacation at least once annually.
 I usually get up late on Fridays.
 The incubator turns each egg hourly.
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28. Adverb of quantity
Adverb of quantity indicates the degree to which
something is done. Almost, enough, so, too, quite,
rather, very, absolutely, certain, completely, heartily,
really, etc.
Examples : This drink has too much sugar in it.
My friend is so much generous.
He is not smart enough to do this work.
The exam was pretty difficult.
I am quite sure about this.
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29. Adverb of manner
Adverb of manner is used to tell the way or how
something is done. Well, badly ill, aloud, thus, wisely,
quickly, how, highly, Briskly, Cheerfully, Expectantly,
Randomly, Willingly, etc.
Example : He ran quickly.
I swam well.
She plays the flute beautifully.
They speak softly.
My father shouted angrily.
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30. Adverb of reason
Adverb of reason is used to express the purpose
of action in a sentence.
Examples :He, therefore, does not want to talk to
me.
Kabir was hence neglected by the teachers.
The bell rang so he left the school.
Since it is hot, I am very tired.
On account of rain, the match was postponed.
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31. Adverbs of affirmation or negation
It is an adverb which declares that something is
true.
Examples : He will surely give the money.
He is certainly right.
We are definitely leaving tomorrow.
I do not know him.
He no longer takes interest in his work.
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32. Interrogative Adverbs
Interrogative Adverb is placed at the beginning of a
question. Why, where, how and when are interrogative
pronouns.
Examples : Why are you so late?
How can I get to your house?
Where is my passport?
When does the trainer arrive?
How often do you go to London?
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33. Relative adverb
Relative adverb is a word that joins sentences or
clauses.
Examples : This is the pool where I used to
swim.
Yesterday was the day when I met my friend for
lunch.
I remember the day when we first met.
I don’t know why he got angry.
Tell me why you came home late.
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35. 1.The driver stopped the bus _______________.
1. Financially
2. Exactly
3. Abruptly
4. Now
2.During autumn, colorful leaves can be seen falling
______________ from trees.
1. Everywhere
2. Very
3. Gently
4. Loudly
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36. 3. My grandmother always smiled _______________.
1. Cheerfully
2. Sadly
3. Never
4. Yesterday
4. After the party, confetti was strewn
_________________.
1. Blandly
2. Everywhere
3. Later
4. Carefully
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37. 5.It’s time to go ____________.
1. Before
2. Now
3. Yesterday
4. Lightly
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38. Interjection
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40. An interjection is a part of speech that shows the
emotion or feeling of the author. These words or
phrases can stand alone or be placed before or after a
sentence. Many times an interjection is followed by a
punctuation mark, often an exclamation point.
Interjections can come in the form of a single word, a
phrase, or even a short clause. Aside from that, they
are usually (but not always) placed at the beginning of
a sentence. The importance of interjections lies in the
fact that they can convey feelings that may sometimes
be neglected in the sentence.
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