This document discusses congestion issues and management in power systems. It defines congestion as overloading of transmission lines which can be caused by outages, load increases, or equipment failures. Congestion management aims to minimize market interference, secure operations, and improve efficiency. Facts devices can help relieve congestion by controlling power flows. The document presents a case study on congestion management methodology used in Thailand and provides results showing a congested transmission line exceeding its limit in a IEEE 30-bus system model. It concludes that congestion can be managed through methods like transmission line loading relief which identifies overloaded lines and curtails transactions impacting those lines.

1. CONGESTION ISSUES AND
ITS RELATED
MANAGEMENT
PRESENTED BY-
ALPNA SRIVASTAVA
M.TECH(POWER SYSTEM)
ENROLL.NO.-A2327212008

2. CONTENTS:
 INTRODUCTION
 NETWORK CONGESTION
 OBJECTIVE OF CONGESTION
MANAGEMENT
 ISSUES WITH CONGESTION
 CASE STUDY
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

3. Introduction
 Congestion is the overloading in transmission lines. It could
be caused by
 unexpected outages of generation
 sudden increase of load
 tripping of transmission lines
 failure of other equipment
• Conversion of Vertically integrated utilities to Open Access
market system [ May 2003,Indian Electricity Act]
• Because of Open Access, Congestion is prime problem for
power system.
• Congestion can be managed by Facts devices.
• So we develop a set of congestion distribution factors in
terms of real as well as reactive power.
• Transmission congestion can cause additional outages,
increase the electricity prices in some regions and can
threaten system security and reliability.

4. Network Congestion:
• When the producers and consumers of the electric
energy desire to produce and consume in total that
would cause the transmission system to operate at or
beyond one or more transfer limit, the system is said to
be congested.
OR
• Congestion is a consequence of network constraints
characterizing a finite network capacity that prevent the
simultaneous delivery of power from an associated set
of power transactions.

5. Graph Showing Congestion:

6. Objective of Congestion
Management
• Minimized interference of the transmission network in the
market for electric energy
• Secure operation of the power system
• Improvement of market efficiency
• Manage power flow with existing Transmission line
• Last but not the least, congestion can be managed by using
FACTS Devices in the system.
• Since, effective FACTS based power flow control can be
applied to relieve transmission congestion & Improve the
transfer capability of the network with high penetration of
power. While voltage security & voltage stability constraint
are satisfied & transmission net work can be effectively
utilized.

7. Issues With Congestion
 Thermal limit :- The maximum amount of electrical energy
that transmit on transmission line without overheating.
 Voltage limit :- System voltage and change in voltage must
be maintained with the range of acceptable deviation.
 Stability limit :- Transmission system capable of surviving
disturbances through the transient and dynamic period .

8. Case Study:
 Methodology Conducted in Thailand

9. Numerical Results:
Figure : IEEE 30-bus system.

10. Contd..
 Congested line in IEEE 30-bus system:
Congested Line 1 to 2
Real Power Flow (MW) 170
Line Limit (MVA) 130
Over the Limit (MW) 40

11. Conclusion
 In the end by the help of following methods which can be
followed in India congestion problem can be managed:
 Transmission Line Loading Relief (TLR)
◦ Identify flow gates (frequently constrained segments of
the transmission system)
◦ Determine generation impact on flow gates
◦ Monitor flow gates and generate alarms for overload
conditions (manually)priority of transmission service.
• Curtail regional transactions impacting loading on
flow gates based upon priority of transmission
service.

12. YOU
THANK