Conditional jump
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Conditional jump instructions allow a processor to branch to a label conditionally based on the state of registers or flags. Examples include jumping if the carry flag is set (JB, JC) or if the zero flag is clear (JNE, JNZ). Early processors limited jumps to within -128 to 127 bytes, but modern x86 processors allow jumps anywhere in a segment using 32-bit offsets. Common conditional jumps include jumping if equal (JE), not equal (JNE), or greater than or equal (JG or JGE).
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Technology
The document discusses various aspects of technology including its definition, evolution over generations of computers, and applications in transportation, circuits, medical devices, security, and industries. It also notes some drawbacks of technology such as weapons development and misuse of leisure time. Key points made include that technology is the evolution of ideas to improve processes and create useful devices, and that while technology has benefits, it also enables harmful consequences if not used responsibly.
Ad and da convertor
An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) converts an analog signal into a digital signal. It allows analog signals from the physical world to be processed digitally. Common types of ADCs include dual slope, successive approximation, flash, and delta-sigma converters. Digital-to-analog converters (DACs) perform the opposite conversion, taking a digital signal and outputting an analog voltage or current. Examples of DAC usage include audio signal generation and electric motor speed control. The document discusses improving the performance of high-speed, high-resolution ADCs and DACs through open-loop circuitry and time-interleaving techniques.
Introducttion to robotics and microcontrollers
This document discusses microcontrollers and robots. It provides examples of microcontrollers like the BASIC Stamp 2 which contains a PIC16C57 microcontroller chip. It also discusses the essential components of microcontrollers like regulators, resonators, EEPROM, and interpreters. The document defines a robot as a machine that senses its environment, thinks to follow instructions, and acts through devices like motors. It provides examples of different types of robots and discusses how robotics involves understanding electricity, sensors, programming, and control systems.
Rs 232
RS-232 is a standard for serial communication introduced in 1962 that defines the electrical characteristics and timing of signals. It supports both synchronous and asynchronous transmissions of user data as a time-series of bits. Devices connected via RS-232 are classified as Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) such as computers that send and receive data or Data Communication Equipment (DCE) such as modems responsible for data transfer. The standard faces limitations including maximum transmission speed and large voltage swing, leading to the development of newer standards like USB. Various pins of the RS-232 connector including DTR, DSR, RTS, and CTS support handshaking signals to coordinate fast and reliable data transmission.
Symbian os
Symbian OS is an operating system designed for mobile devices that requires limited resources. It is based on a modular, layered microkernel approach. The document provides details on the history of Symbian OS, the UI design platforms it supports, its features including multimedia support, layers, Java virtual machine, enhancements in version 9, and use of C++. It also lists many mobile devices that run Symbian OS.
Ct213 memory subsystem
This document discusses memory subsystems and hierarchy. It begins by describing the memory hierarchy which includes registers, main memory (RAM), and external memory. It then discusses different types of memory in terms of read/write capability, volatility, and erasure mechanisms. The document outlines cache organization and mapping techniques including direct mapping, set associative, and fully associative mapping. It provides examples of address mapping for each technique. The document also discusses RAM and ROM types as well as memory subsystem organization.
Microprocessor in washing machine
Microcontrollers are used in washing machines to control operations digitally and precisely. They allow for digital interfaces instead of knobs, and control timing profiles, motor speed, water temperature and more. The microcontroller monitors input states and controls outputs like motor speed and water flow. It uses techniques like vector control to efficiently control multiple motors and torque based on the load. This results in more efficient operation than earlier analog systems.
File hippo
The document describes FileHippo Update Checker, a free software program that scans a computer and reports which programs have outdated versions, providing links to download updates. It runs quickly, in under 2 seconds, and works on various Windows operating systems as long as .NET Framework 2.0 is installed. The requirements, functionality, and basic system and feasibility are outlined for FileHippo Update Checker. Diagrams including a use case diagram and context diagram are also included.
Processor
The document discusses different microprocessors including the 8086, Pentium, Intel Core i7, i5, i3, Core 2 Solo, Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Quad, and Core 2 Extreme. It provides details on each processor such as the 8086 being Intel's first 16-bit microprocessor from 1976, the Pentium being introduced in 1993, and the Intel Core family being the current mid-range to high-end processors including the i7, i5, and i3.
Microprocessor in washing machine
Microcontrollers are used in washing machines to digitally control operations like timing profiles, motor speed, water temperature and flow rate. They allow for easier control of the machine compared to analog knobs. The microcontroller monitors input states selected by the user and uses analog inputs to compare temperature and output signals to vary motors and water flow accordingly. It efficiently controls torque and water levels for different load sizes.
Microcessor aplication
Microprocessors are used in a wide variety of applications due to their low cost, low power consumption, and small size. They are used for control and automation in various fields like instrumentation, communication, consumer devices, traffic light control, and industrial applications. Specifically, microprocessors are used to control functions in devices like washing machines, microwave ovens, cell phones and traffic light intersections. They allow for flexible, software-based control of various functions and parameters.
Magnetic tape
The document discusses the benefits of meditation for reducing stress and anxiety. Regular meditation practice can help calm the mind and body by lowering heart rate and blood pressure. Studies have shown that meditating for just 10-20 minutes per day can have significant positive impacts on both mental and physical health over time.
Introducttion to robotics and microcontrollers
This document provides an overview of microcontrollers and robots. It defines a microcontroller as a miniature computer found in devices with buttons and displays. Microcontrollers are designed to read input, process data, and control output devices like motors and displays. The document uses the BASIC Stamp microcontroller as an example and explains its components. It defines a robot as a machine that senses its environment, thinks to follow instructions, and acts to do work. It provides examples of robots and discusses programming robots and sensors for tasks like distance measurement.
Interfacing address
Interfacing involves connecting devices or programs to allow communication between a user and computer or between hardware and software. Memory interfacing specifically designs circuits that match a microprocessor's memory requirements by enabling it to read from and write to memory registers by generating appropriate signals. Address decoding is used to identify a specific memory register for a given address by decoding the microprocessor's address lines and generating a unique pulse for each possible address. This allows the microprocessor to select the appropriate memory chip, identify the register, and enable the correct buffer for reading or writing.
Embedded systems
An embedded system is a computer designed to perform specific control functions within a larger system or product. It contains a processor, either a microcontroller or digital signal processor, and is embedded as part of a complete device including both hardware and mechanical parts. The embedded systems model indicates that all embedded systems share the similarity of having layers of hardware, system software, and application software. When designing embedded systems, different models can be applied including the big-bang, code-and-fix, waterfall, and spiral models. Embedded systems must be dependable, efficient, dedicated to a certain application, have a dedicated user interface, and can be hybrid systems containing both analog and digital parts.
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Conditional jump
- 1. CONDITIONAL JUMP ROHAN CHAVAN FY BSC IT 64
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Processors have conditional jump instructions only for conditional jumps with a limited range. • The jump instructions allow the programmer to (indirectly) set the value of the EIP register.
- 3. Conditional Jump Instruction • A conditional jump instruction branches to a label when specific register or flag conditions are met • Examples: JB, JC jump to a label if the Carry flag is set JE, JZ jump to a label if the Zero flag is set JS jumps to a label if the Sign flag is set JNE, JNZ jump to a label if the Zero flag is clear JECXZ jumps to a label if ECX equals 0
- 4. CONDITIONAL JUMP RANGES • Jump destinations usually confined within same procedure • Prior to the 386: • Jump must be within –128 to +127 bytes from current location counter. • IA-32 processors: – 32-bit offset permits jump anywhere in segment
- 5. Jumps Based on Specific Flags
- 6. Jumps Based on Equality
- 7. Jumps Using Unsigned Comparison
- 8. Jumps Using Signed Comparisons
- 9. More Frequently Used Conditional Jump • JE (Equal) • JNE (Not Equal) • JG or JGE (Greater Than or Equal) • Where JG=JNLE and JGE=JNL
- 10. THANK YOU