Download to read offline
More Related Content
Similar to Concrete structures
Concrete structures
- 1. CONCRETE STRUCTURES PRESESNTED BYGROUP 1 GROUP MEMBERS; • SEERAT AMEEN • ZAINAB HAMID • BAIZA QUYOOM • ABRAR RASHID • MARIYA SHAFI • QAZI MUQUIET
- 2. + https://sc02.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1nQZEJVXXXXb1XFXXq6xXFXX Xd/coarse-Aggregate.jpg + = CONCRETE isa construction material composed of cement, fine aggregates and coarse aggregates mixed with water which hardens with time CONCRETEFINE AGGREGATECEMENT COARSE AGGREGATE
- 3. FRAME WORK 1) TYPESOF CONCRETE a) PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE b) REINFORCED CONCRETE c) PRE STRESSED CONCRETE d) FERRO CONCRETE 2) DIFFERENT GRADES USED FOR DIFFERENT STRUCTURES 3) TYPES OF CONCRETE STRUCTURE a) FRAMED STRUCTURES IN BUILDINGS AND BRIDGES AND ITS CONSTRUCTION PROCESS b) SHELLED STRUCTURE AND ITS TYPES 4) FEW WORKS OF PIER LUIGI NERVI
- 4. TYPES OF CONCRETE BASEDON DESIGN OF CONCRETE PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE- • MAIN CONSTITUENTS ARE CEMENT, SAND , COARSE AGGREGATE AND WATER CEMENT SAND COARSE AGGREGATE PCC
- 5. • IT HASNO REINFORCEMENT • THIS IS MAINLY USED IN CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS , ESPECIALLY IN AREAS WITH LESS DEMAND OF HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH • IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS MASS CEMENT CONCRETE
- 6. https://i.pinimg.com/originals/ce/ff/a0/ceffa0 c285cd1d3278970754b0d5f5f1.jpg DOME OF PARTHENON,ROME WORLDS LARGEST DOME MADE OF UNREINFORCED SOLID CONCRETE
- 7. • THE CEMENTCONCRETE IN WHICH REINFORCEMENT IS EMBEDED FOR TAKING TENSILE STRESS • VIRTUALLY ANY GEOMETRIC SHAPE OR STRUCTURE CAN BE CREATED WITH RCC • CONCRETE IS STRONG IN COMPRESSION BUT WEEK IN TENSION AND STEEL IS STRONG IN TENSION SO THEIR COMBINATION GIVES A STRONG STABLE STRUCTURE REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE http://happho.com/wp- content/uploads/2017/02/Wh at-is-Honeycombing.jpg
- 8.
- 9. PRESTRESSED CONCRETE • Formof concrete used in construction which is pre-stressed by being placed under compression prior to supporting any loads beyond its own dead weight. The compression is produced by the tensioning if high-strength “tendons”. • Classified into two ways: 1 . Pre-tensioning. 2 . Post-tensioning.
- 10. Pre-tensioning • The steelwires or tendon are tensioned first and the concrete is poured later. • Tendons tries to shrink back to the original length but resisted by the bond between the concrete thereby transferring compressive force to concrete. Source :https://bit.ly/2tG5e9G
- 11. • Concrete ispoured first, allowed to harden and then tendons are tensioned later. Tendons are placed in sheathing at suitable places in the member before casting and later after hardening of concrete. • Done after the concrete attains sufficient strength. • Cables are used in place of wires and jacks are used for stretching. Post-tensioning Source :https://bit.ly/2tG5e9G
- 12. CONVENTION CENTRE ,QATAR https://biomimeticdesign.files.wordpr ess.com/2010/11/qnccb.jpg
- 13. FERROCONCRETE • FERROCONCERTE ISA FORM OF REINFORCED CONCRETE USING CLOSELY SPACED MULTIPLE LAYERS OF MESH OR SMALL DIAMETER RODS COMPLETELY INFILTRATED WITH IN MORTAR
- 14. APPLICATIONS • FERROCONCRETE ISRECOMMENDED TO MEET THE FOLLOWING REQUIREMENTS: • TO PRODUCE HIGH EARLY STRENGTH IN A WIDE ARIETY OF CONCRETES, MORTARS AND GROUTS. • TO FACILITATE THE EARLY DEMOULDING. • TO REDUCE FORMWORK AT STRIKING TIMES
- 15. • TO HELPMAINTAIN NORMAL CONCRETE PRODUCTION DURING COLD WEATHER. • TO RESIST FIRE UP TO 750 C FOR A PERIOD OF 48 HOURS OR EVEN MORE • TO RESIST RUST,ROT,OR BLOW DOWN IN STORMS
- 16. CONSTRUCTION METHOD • THEFIRST STEP IS TO PREPARE THE SKELETAL FORMWORK ONTO WHICH THE WIRE MESH IS FIXED WITH A THIN TIE WIRE (IN SOME CASE BY WELDING ) • A MIN OF TWO LAYER MES IS REQUIRED AND DEPENDING ON THE DESIGN UP TO 12 LAYERSHAVE BEEN USED https://i.pinimg.com/736x/2e/52/f1/2e52f12a71b2a880 fa451547f2463f54--reinforced-concrete-construction- materials.jpg
- 17. • THE SANDCEMENT AND ADDITIVES ARE CAREFULLY PROPORTIONED BY WEIGHING ,MIXED DRY AND THEN WATER • HAND MIXING IS USUALLY SATISFACTORY ,BUT MECHANICAL MIXING PRODUCES MORE UNIFORM MIXES,REDUCES MANNUAL EFFORT AND SAVES TIME https://encrypted- tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQBAcr 6S8KSPSa-f47lLUptrPBHi- FC4fC_W4pAMEMySGc1RjEDZw
- 18. • AFTER CHECKINGTHE STABILITY OF THE FORMWORK AND WIRE MESH REINFORMENT,THE MOTAR IS APPLIED EITHER BY HANDOR WITH A TROWEL AND THROUGHLY WORKED INTO THE MESH TO CLOSE ALL VIODS . THIS CAN BE DONE IN A SINGLE APPLICATION THAT IS FINISHING BOTH SIDES BEFORE INITIAL SET TAKES PLACE https://encrypted- tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQBAcr 6S8KSPSa-f47lLUptrPBHi- FC4fC_W4pAMEMySGc1RjEDZw
- 19. PROPERTIES OF FERROCONCRETE •IT IS A VERY DURABLE,CHEAP AND VERSATILE MATERIAL • LOW WATER CEMENT RATIO PRODUCES AN IMPERMEABLE STRUTURES • LESS SHRINKAGE,AND LOW WEIGHT • HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH AND STIFFNESS • BETTER IMPACT AND PUNCHING SHEAR RESISTANCE • UNDERGO LARGE DEFORMATION BEFORE CRACKING OR HIGH DEFLECTIONS
- 20. USES OF FERROCONCRETE 1.WATERPROOFING FERRO CONCRETE MEMBRANE WATER PROOFING IS A STRUCTURAL TREATMENT -IT CAN NOT BE PUNCTURED -RESISTS WEAR AND TEAR IS PERMANENT WITH NEGLIGIBLE MAINTANANCE -SOLUTION TO CHRONIC LEAKAGE https://i.pinimg.com/736x/2e/52/f1/2e52f12a71b2a880fa451547f2463f54--reinforced-concrete- construction-materials.jpg
- 21.
- 22.
- 23.
- 24.
- 25. FERROCEMENT BUILDING • FERROCEMENTIS USED IN FLOORS ROOFS WALLS FOR RESIDENTIAL PLACES AND OFFICE BUILDINGS AND ARE FABRICATED USING FERROCEMENT COLUMNS, BEAMS AND PANEL SYSTEMS THAT HELPS REDUCTION IN CONSUMPTION OF CEMENT AND STEEL • THE WEIGHT OF A FERROCONCRETE BUILDING IS 50% LESS THAN THAT OF RCC BUILDING • https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQBAcr6S8KSPSa-f47lLUptrPBHi- FC4fC_W4pAMEMySGc1RjEDZw
- 26.
- 27. INSITU CONCRETE • THECONCRETE IS POURED INTO THE FORMS AT THE BUILDING SITE https://media3.picsearch.com/is?C4O-Ybm4DtUNNwlcQ_qFPyyEugdGrJI3MX3FeusdLAA&height=154
- 28. ADVANTAGES OF INSITUCONCRETE • ELEMENTS ARE MANUFACTURED IN A CONTROLLED CASTING ENVIRONMENT AND HAVE IT IS EASIER TO CONTROL MIX, PLACEMENT AND CURING. • IT PROVIDES HIGHER DEGREE OF INSULATION. • BETTER WORKING CONDITIONS FOR THE BUILDING OPERATIVES
- 29. DISADVANTAGES OF INSITU CONCRETE •NEEDS HIGH LABOUR NUMBERS • ERACTION OF FORMWORK IS TIME CONSUMING • THE QUALITY CONTROL IS DIFFICULT • ONCE THE CONCRETE IS CAST ITS DIFFICULT TO DO ANY MODIFICATIONS
- 30. PRECAST CONCRETE Precast concrete isa construction product by casting concrete in a reusable mould or form which is then cured in a controlled environment and then transported to the construction site. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prefabricated_house_constr
- 31. PRECAST CONCRETE PROCESS 1.Production of reinforced cages and main connections . 2. Assembly of moulds https://bit.ly/2KhlHvm https://bit.ly/2KhlHvm
- 32. 3. Mix beingpoured. 4. Compaction of concrete using poker vibrator . https://bit.ly/2KhlHvm https://bit.ly/2KhlHvm
- 33. 5. Precast concretebeing moved to storage. https://bit.ly/2KhlHvm
- 34. Precast stairs Precastslabs Souce :https://bit.ly/2IC54EU Source :https://bit.ly/2tG5e9G
- 35. Some precast components Beamsand Columns Wall panels https://bit.ly/2KBnU Source :https://bit.ly/2tG5e9G
- 36. GRADES OF CONCRETEAND THEIR USE DESCRIPTION OF WORK RATIO OF CEMENT , FINE AGGREGRATE AND COURSE AGGREGRATE GRADE OF COMCRETE CONCRETE IN COLIMNS AND BEAMS 1:1:2 M25 PILES, PRECAST WORK OR DENSE CONRETE 1:1.5:3 M20 RCC BEAMS SLABS AND COLIUMNS 1:2:4 M15 FOUNDATIONS FOR BUILDINGS 1:3:6 M10
- 37. TYPES OF CONCRETESTRUCTURE https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSxO3_APoglOHJTzA9g13uj- qiV9rnjaYAHjWM8EzHR1qMChOtGIw FRAMED STRCTURE SHELLED STRCTURE
- 38. FRAMED STRUCTURES THE STRUCTUREFORMED BY NETWORK OF COLUMNS AND CONCRETE BEAMS THAT FORMS THE STUCTURAL SKELTON OF THE BUILDING https://media2.picsearch.com/is?HABVqg5n
- 39. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS OFFRAMED STRUCTURES • EXCAVATION: ITS THE PROCESS OF REMOVING EARTH TO FORM CAVITY IN THE GROUND • https://media2.picsearch.com/is?HABVqg5n
- 40. FOUNDATIONS FOUNDATIONS ARE DESIGNEDSO THAT LOADS OF STRUCTURE ARE TRANSFERED TO THE SOIL IN SUCH A WAY THAT SOIL IS ABLE TO WITHSTAND THE LOADS http://civilblog.org
- 41. FORMWORK • PROCESS OFCREATING A TEMPORARY MOULD INTO WHICH CONCRETE IS POURED AND FORMED https://media1.picsearch.com
- 42. TYING OF STEEL •TYING IS CARRIED OUT BY USING STIRRUPS,DOWELS .THEY HOLD THE REINFORCEMENT INTO CERTAIN CONFIGURATION theconstructor.org
- 44. MIXING AND POURINGOF CONCRETE • THE CONCRETE IS PREPARED BY MIXING CEMENT,SAND,STONE CHIPS , WATER INTO A MIXER AND THEN POURED INTO THE FORMWORK UNTILL RIGHT LEVEL IS REACHED https://media5.picsearch.com/is?TIrKjAfTc7c4itT-PLARI8tAj1RTXem
- 45. CURING OF CONCRETE ITIS THE PROCESS IN WHICH THE CONCRETE IS PROTECTED FROM LOSS OF MOISTURE AND KEPT WITHIN A REASONABLE TEMPERATURE
- 46. • CONCRETE GAINITS STRENGTH ALONG WITH THE PASSING OF TIME DUE TO HYDRATION REACTIONS INORDER TO COMPLETE THE HYDRATION PROCESS OF CEMENT WE HAVE TO KEEP THE CONCRETE STRUCTURE WET AND MOIST TO ENSURE THAT THERE IS NO LARGE SCALE ESCAPE OF WATER FROM THE MIX DUE TO EVAPORATION WHICH MAY DETERIORATE THE QUALITY OF CONSTRUCTION.EEN CEMENT COMPONENTS AND WATER
- 47. C0NCRETE BRIDGES 1) BEAMAND SLAB BRIDGE • IT IS THE MOST SIMPLEST STRUCTURAL FORMS FOR BRIDGES • IT IS SUPPORTED BY AN ABUTMENT OR PEIR AT THR EACH END • SOMETIMES MORE THEN TWO PIER SUPPORT THE BRIDGE DEPENDING UPON THE USE, SPAN AND FUNCTION OF THE BRIDGE
- 48. https://cdn.thinglink.me/api/image/GTCx6Wb8cEhQAek3 E6xjYRYoyKV37NKfSjUE1adm8znSafd4sgwo/10/10/none USE OF CONCRETEAS TRUSS IN ROAD BRIDGE Kilburn Road Bridge TRUSS BRIDGES
- 49. CABLE STAYED BRIDGE •A CABLE STAYED BRIDGE HAS ONE OR MORE TOWERS , FROM WHICH THE CABLES SUPPORT THE DECK BRIDGE • MATERIAL: 1)STEEL ROPE 2)POST TENSIONED CONCRETE 3)CONCRETE POST GIRDER 4)STEEL OR CONCRETE PYLON https://cdn.britannica.com/78/22078-004-A5CAA0CE.gif
- 50. • FOOT BRIDGESRINAGAR • https://upload.wikimedia.org/ wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/ 85/View_of_Footbridge.JPG/22 0px-View_of_Footbridge.JPG
- 51. http://ttnotes.com/images/seri-wawasan- bridge-putrajaya-1.jpg USE OF BOTHTRUSS AND CABLES SPAN 240m WIDTH 32m NO OF PIERS =2 SERI BRIDGE PUTRAJAYA MALAYSIA
- 52. BOX GRIDER BRIDGE •MAIN BEAM COMPRISES OF GIRDERS IN THE SHAPE OF HOLLOW BOXES. • THE BOX GRIDER NORMALLY COMPRISES OF EITHER PRESTRESSED CONCRETE OR A COMPOSITE OF STEEL AND REINFORCED CONCRETE. • THE BOX IS TYPICALLY RECTANGULAR OR TRAPEZIODAL IN SHAPE. https://image.slidesharecdn.com/- 160311180805/95/application-of- plate-girders-in-steel-construction
- 53.
- 54. ARCH BRIDGE • ARCHBRIDGES ARE SUPPORTED BY ABUTMENTS AT EACH END OF AN ARCH • ARCH BRIDGES WORK BE TRANSFERRING THE WEIGHT OF THE BRIDGE AND ITS LOADS PARTIALLY INTO HORIZONTAL THRUST RETAINED BY THE ABUTMENTS AT THE EITHER SIDE. http://www.dynamicscie nce.com.au/tester/soluti ons991/flight/strucuture sandforces/arch.gif
- 55.
- 56. WANXIAN BRIDGE ,AREINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGE OVER THE YANGTZE RIVER WITH A CONCRETE SPAN OF 420m. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikip edia/commons/thumb/4/48/Witanx ian_Yangtze_River_Bridge.JPG/1200 px- Wanxian_Yangtze_River_Bridge.JPG
- 57. SUSPENSION BRIDGE • CONSISTSOF FOUR ESSENTIAL PARTS: TOWER, ANCHORAGE, CABLE AND DECK. • CABLES ARE CURVED AND CONTINUOUS BETWEEN TOWERS • THE DECK USUALLY SUPPORTED ON STIFFENING TRUSSES IS HUNG FROM SUSPENSION CABLES. https://i2.wp.com/69.89.31.155/~ ginahagl/wp- content/uploads/2013/11/suspens ionbridge-pbs.gif
- 58.
- 59.
- 60. SHELLED SRUCTURES • SHELLEDSTRUCTURE – A THIN , PLATE STRUCTURE SHAPED TO TRANSMIT APPLIED FORCES BY COMPRESSIVE, TENSILE , AND SHEAR STRESSES THAT ACT IN THE PLANE OF THE STRUCTURE. • USUALLY CONSTRUCTED OF CONCRETE REINFORCED WITH STEEL MESH. • SHELL CONSTRUCTION BEGAN IN 1920S. SHELL EMERGED AS A MAJOR LONG-SPAN CONCRETE STRUCTURE AFTER WORLD WAR II (1939-1945)
- 61. FRAME WORK OFKRESGE AUDITORIUM (1954-1955) ON MIT CAMPUS, CAMBRIDGE Source: https://images.adsttc.com/media/i mages/5326/8301/c07a/805c/d80 0/0268/large_jpg/MIT4_kresge-in- process-med.jpg?1395032823
- 62. SHELL STRUCTURES ARESOMETIMES DESCRIBED AS : SINGLE CURVATURE - A SHELL WITH ONE CURVED SURFACE. - EG. VAULTS DOUBLE CURVATURE- A SHELL WITH DOUBLY CURVED SURFACE. - EG. DOMES
- 63. THIN CONCRETE SHELLS •LIGHTWEIGHT CONSTRUCTION COMPOSED OF RELATIVELY THIN SHELL MADE OF RCC, WITHOUT THE USE OF INTERNAL SUPPORT. • TYPES – BARREL SHELLS AND VAULTS FOLDED PLATE HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID ( HYPAR) DOME
- 64. BARRELS SHELL ANDVAULTS STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR- VAULTS: IT IS SAME AS CONNECTED PARALLEL ARCHES WHICH TRANSMIT THE LOADS TO ITS SUPPORTS. • MATERIAL USED SHOULD BE ABLE TO RESIST COMPRESSION AND THE THICKNESS IS USUALLY HIGHER. • SHAPE SHOULD BE AS SIMILAR TO THE ARCH AS POSSIBLE TO ACHIEVE OPTIMUM STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR.
- 65. BARREL SHELL: ITCARRIES LOADS LONGITUDINALLY AS A BEAM AND TRANSVERSALLY AS AN ARCH. • MATERIAL USED SHOULD HAVE THE TENDENCY TO RESIST BOTH COMPRESSION AND TENSION STRESSES. • FOR RCC THE SPAN TO THICKNESS RATIO CAN BE INCREASED BY PLACING THE BARS WHERE THE TENSION FORCES ARE NEEDED. Source http://www.arch.ttu.edu/courses/20 08/fall/3501perl/montfort/Hyper%2 0Parabolic%20Paraboloid%20Segme nted%20Line%20forces%20layout.jp g
- 66. HERSHEY SPORTS ARENAIN PENNSYLVANIA SHORT BARREL SHELL Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/thin- shell-concrete-structures- construction.html
- 67. FOLDED PLATE • ASSEMBLIESOF FLAT PLATES RIGIDLY CONNECTED TOGETHER ALONG THEIR EDGES. • STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR – THE EXTERNAL FORCES ARE TRANSFERRED TO THE SHORTED EDGE OF ONE FOLDING ELEMENT, THEN THE REACTION AS AN AXIAL FORCE IS DIVIDED BETWEEN THE ADJACENT ELEMENTS AND THEN TRANSFERRED TO THE BEARINGS.
- 68.
- 69. HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID (HYPAR) • ASURFACE WHICH IS CURVED IN TWO DIRECTIONS I-E IT HAS A CONVEX FORM ALONG ONE AXIS AND CONCAVE FORM ALONG THE OTHER AXIS. • THE CURVATURE OF THE SHAPE REDUCES ITS TENDENCY TO BUCKLE IN COMPRESSION WHICH MEANS THAT THEY CAN ACHIEVE EXCEPTIONAL STIFFNESS. • BY BEING BRACED IN 2 DIRECTIONS THEY EXPERIENCE NO BENDING AND ARE ABLE TO WITHSTAND UNEQUAL LOADING (DEAD OR LIVE).
- 70. MEISO- NO- MORIMUNCIPAL FUNERAL HALL, JAPAN Source- https://i.pinimg.com/736x/d1 /2a/bf/d12abf51e31194fa3e9 4f9dca34f3e6c--toyo-ito- sanaa.jpg
- 71. DOME • A ROUNDEDROOF WITH A CIRCULAR BASE WHICH HAS DOUBLE CURVATURE AND THE RESULTING STRUCTURE IS MUCH STIFFER AND STRONGER THAN A SINGLE CURVED SURFACE (BARREL SHELL). • EXPERIENCES COMPRESSIVE FORCES FROM TOP TO ITS MID-HEIGHT. Source http://kaoaz.co/wp- content/uploads/bfigure8e- concrete-dome-construction- techniques-home-design-7-hoop- and-meridional-forces-stresses- in-a-spherical-6i.png
- 72. EYE OF THESTORM , SULLIVANS ISLAND, SOUTH CAROLINA Source: https://1.bp.blogspot.com/- 2Vfm4I3W8q0/VypWTileUpI/AAAA AAAAh_k/9cvSc17jEdYU4MkDUulY jJdxGzwCi2P0QCLcB/s1600/Charle ston%2BDay4%2BEye%2Bof%2Bth e%2BStorm%2BHouse%2B%2528 Medium%2529.jpg • BEYOND MID-HEIGHT A TRANSITION WITH TENSION FORCES OCCUR GRADUALLY UNTIL THE BASE WHERE LARGE TENSILE FORCES PREDOMINATE WHICH ARE RESISTED BY REINFORCED CONCRETE IN THE FORM OF TENSION RINGS OR TENSION BELTS.
- 73. Pier Luigi Nervi (21June 1891 – 9 January 1979) • HE WAS AN ITALIAN ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT • HE STUDIED CIVIL ENGINEERING AND PRACTISED AS A BUILDING ENGINEER • HIS AESTHETICALLY PLEASING DESIGNS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE WERE USED FOR MAJOR PROJECTS AND ALSO GAINED HIM NAME IN THE ARCHITECTURAL FIELD.
- 74. Source https://i.pinimg.com/origina ls/4d/88/00/4d8800cd76168 c3a6e287a31f2ba21e0.jpg MUNICIPAL STADIUM ,FLORENCE ITALY THE CANTILEVER ROOF OF THE GRAND STAND CONSISTS OF A THIN REINFORCED CONCRETE SHELL
- 75. Source https://images.adsttc.com/media /images/557f/bd87/e58e/ce56/d 800/00b4/slideshow/Unesco_He adquarters__Paris.jpg?14344349 40 THE HEADQUARTER OFUNESCO, PARIS HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID FORM
- 76.