The document provides details from a site visit report for a construction technology course. It includes 10 photos documenting various stages of construction of semi-detached houses. Key aspects summarized include: - The site visit location and purpose which was to observe construction practices for a 2-story semi-detached housing project. - Photos showed formwork, scaffolding, machinery used and arrangements of materials on site. - Descriptions of constructing pad footings including excavation, formwork, reinforcement and concrete pouring. - The primary construction materials observed were concrete, timber, bricks and reinforcement bars.

1. 1
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN
Bachelor of Quantity Surveying (Honours)
INTEGRATED ASSIGNMENT:
MEASUREMENT I (QSB60104)
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY I (BLD 60104)
BUILDING MATERIALS (BLD 62003)
SITE VISIT REPORT
STUDENT NAME : KHAIRUL JEFRI BIN KHAIRUL AZHAR NEO
STUDENT ID NO : 0318237
DATE OF SUBMISSION : 27TH NOVEMBER 2015

2. 2
TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………..3
CONTENT (PHOTO AND DESCRIPTIONS)………………………………4-10
PAD FOOTING CONSTRUCTION………………………………………….11-12
CONCRETE……………………………………………………………………13
TIMBER…………………………………………………………………………14
CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………….15

3. 3
INTRODUCTION
As a quantity surveyor, we are required to estimate the price and the
quantity of material that are needed for a building construction. We are also
need to discoverthe attempts of changes of sites in daily routine. Hence,
we were given an assignmentthat involves 3 modules,which are
Measurement I (QSB60104),Construction TechnologyI (BLD60104)&
Building Materials (BLD62003)that are compactible to each other. Our
lecturers had planned to bring us to a site visit and we need to produce a
site visit report.
The construction site visit was held on 19th
November2015 (Thursday).
The construction site was located at Seksyen 2A, Antara Gapi, Hulu
Selangor, Selangor. The construction site is around 60km far from our
departure destination. It takes us a hour journey to reach that construction
site. The purpose of the site visit is to let us obtain construction knowledge
practically and visualize what we have learnt in class. This site visit would
allow us to have a hand on review and a clear understanding on
construction project.
We were required to wear a safety helmet and propershoes (compulsory)
to prevent any serious injuries if any incident happens. The weather of that
day is hot and humid day and yet we need to adapt to that situation on site.

4. 4
CONTENT / TECHNICAL OBSERVATION
After the short brief, they have to ensure that we were all properly attired
with safety helmet and propershoes before they guide us around. It was a
standard protocolat all construction sites that a safety helmet and proper
shoes are required where there is a possibilityof being injured by dropping
object,collapsing structure or stepping on rusty nails. After all safety is the
most important aspectin a construction site.
The developmentis about 96 unit 2 storey semi-detached house which its
size is 40’ x 80’. Currently, the construction is still ongoing. We can see the
progressionof the construction of the 2 storey semi-detached houses as
we were walking around. Due to the issue of satey reason, we as a lawful
vistor can only be limited to few areas.
Figure 2, 3, 4: The progressionof a 2 storey semi-detachedhouse
As we arrive the construction site, the
contractors and other who were in
charge greeted us and give a short
brief about the projectand safety
precaution.
Figure 1 : Short Briefing

5. 5
In the picture above, we can clearly see there are timber framing which are
used to support to sides of formwork for ground beam by pouring concrete.
On the main entrance of site, we
observed what was around the site.
We saw the whole construction area
is fenced by vertical hoarding. The
close-boarded fenceis used to
prevent any unauthorized person
access to site.
Figure 5 : timber framing & vertical
hoarding
As we were walking around, we saw a
few temporary works installed at the
site which one of it is independent
scaffolding.It is a temporary structure
used to support people and material.
Figure 6: independentscaffolding on
site
Figure 7 : pile
This are piles that is uneven. It is near
of our assemblyarea. These piles will
cut off later to the same level and put
pile cap on the piles. It is for pile
foundation.

6. 6
Compactorused to compactsemi-cohesive and granular materials in the
soil. Backhoe is a piece of excavating equipmentor diggerconsisting of a
digging bucket on the end of a two-part articulated arm. They are typically
mounted on the back of a tractor or front loader. Mobile crane are designed
to easily transport to a site and used to lifting heavy things and transporting
them. Dump truck used for transporting loose material such as sand,
gravel or dirt for construction.
Figure 8, 9, 10, 11, 12:
As the picture shown, these are the
machineries used on the site which
is mobile crane, dump truck,
compactorand backhoe loader.
There are other machinery used at
the site.

7. 7
All the materials that are needed forconstructing 2 storey semi-detached
house are well arranged at the site.
Figure 16:
Roof tiles are stacked well , stacked in
pairs, head to tail, to give protectionto the
nibs
Figure 15:
Materials scattering around the floorarea
without properly stacking in good manner.
Figure 14:
Bricks and steel bars arrange well together
with the big stones nearby.
Figure 13:
The piles for pile foundation are arranged
well and stacked together.

8. 8
Figure 17:
Concrete quarter turn stairs or L
shaped stairs that make a right angled
turn in the path of travel. The two flights
connected by an intervening landing is
unequal.
Figure20:
An empty spacefor casementwindow
which is out-swinging that requires the
window screen to be located on the inside
with a device cut into its frame to operate
the casement.
Figure19:
Cement rendering after arranged the brick
wall using English Bond arrangement.
Figure18:
PVCpipe on the ceiling for water supply
lines. It’s easy to cut and assemble, using
compression of cemented fittings. It’s
durable too.

9. 9
Figure 21,22: The bricks are arranged well on first floor level. The almost
finished 2 stories semi-detached house that used English bond
arrangement for brick wall.
Figure 23, 24: All the timber are arranged well on the first floor level. All the
timber were used to create a pitch roof.
There are two basic methods of pitched roof constructionwhich is cut roof
and truss roof. Cut roof is the traditional method of cutting the timber on site
and building up the roof using rafters, ridge boards, joists and purlin. Truss
roof is using factory made truss which are delivered to site complete and
just erected.
In this site visit, cut roof is used. Cut roof consists of rafters and joists. The
joists prevent the outward spread the rafters and conveniently give support
for the ceiling below. The size of rafter timber will depend upon their length
from the wall plate to the ridge. Each rafter has a small triangular section
which referred as birdsmouth joint allow them to fit neatly over the wall
plate.

10. 10
After a while, we arrive to a spot that have clearer view of pad footing
foundation. We were all busy taking photo of pad footing for our site visit
report. Hence, the personwho is in charge let us take photo and those who
want to ask questionabout construction of pad footing can ask him. Aftera
while, he talk briefly about the construction of pad footing and show us all
the plan such as pad footing plan, section, all the measurementand so on.
While listening to his briefing, we also observing what are the workers
doing in able to have a clearer picture.
Figure25,26,27,28:
Allthepictureisaboutpadfoundation.Topcornerphotoisanoverallphotoofpad
foundation.Lowerleftphotoisaboutbuildingcolumnformworkandremoving
traditionaltimberformworkforthefooting.Rightbottomphotoisaboutaworker
removingcolumnformworkaftertheconcretehavebeenharden.
Figure29,30:
Worker is putting the stirrups
as the link in the fabric
reinforcement bar.

11. 11
Method of constructing Pad foundation
It all starts with pegging the site that needed to construct pad foundation
with correct position.Then, excavation commences,down to the desired
level. Furthermore, a layer of lean concrete is lay to prepare a clean and
firm base for the footing. Afterthat, traditional timber formwork is built.
Spacerblocks are placed before reinforcements beenlaid. This is meant to
provide sufficientconcrete cover for the rebars. Rebars were bent and tied
to form a ‘basket’ in advanced before the whole thing been lowered and
placed inside the formwork. The steel ’basket’ had to make sure that it is sit
properly on spacerblocks to avoid touching the lean concrete below.
Stump reinforcementare then erected.The length of the rebars should be
extended beyond slump level and act as starter bars for column above.
Grade 40 Concrete casting commencesafter that. The concrete were
compacted during the process.The concrete will set and curing shall be
performedto avoid excessive lostof water during hardening. Whenthe
concrete has gained sufficientstrength, the traditional timber formworkcan
be dismantled.
Figure 31:
The person who in charge to guide us
around are explaining about the
reinforced concrete pad foundation.
A worker is removing the traditional
timber formwork.

12. 12
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PAD
FOOTING
ADVANTAGES OF PAD FOOTING DISADVANTAGES OF PAD
FOOTING
 Shallow foundation, therefore
little excavation required
 Foundation size can be a very
large cope with high points
load
 Can be designed to
accommodate tight sites
 Limited foundation suitability to
point loads of framed buildings
 Economic due to control of
foundation size
 Weak against different
settlementthat may affectthe
building
 Reinforcementfor tension and
shear can be added
 Deep excavations for
foundations would require
supportto prevent caving in
 Easy to construct  Weak against uplift forces,
wind forces & earthquakes
forces

13. 13
CONCRETE
Most of the beam, column, slab and even foundation are casted with
concrete.In the market, there are a lot of types of concrete grades where
each grade bring differenteffectswhether is good or bad and it also affects
the suitability of the grade of concrete to the beam, column, slab and
foundation itself.
The grade of the concrete identifies the content of the concrete and there
are mainly two types of grade of concrete which is lightweight grade
concrete and heavy weight grade concrete.The concrete grade which is
used in the site is Grade 40. Grade 40 is considered as high-strength
structural lightweight grade of concrete.
The advantage and disadvantaged of lightweight concrete is shown in the
table:
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
 It helps to reduce the dead
load, increase the progressof
building and lowers the hauling
and handling cost.
 Very sensitive with water
content in the mixtures.
 Low thermal conductivity  Poor resistance to heavy
abrasion.
 Structural lightweight
aggregate’s cellular structure
provides internal curling
through water entrainment
which is especially beneficial
for high-performance concrete
 Difficultto place and finish
because the porosity and
angularity of the aggregate. In
some mixes the cementmortar
may separate the aggregate
and float towards the surface.
 Structural lightweight concrete
offers designflexibility and
substantial cost saving by
providing less dead load,
improved seismic structural
response,longerspans, better
fire ratings and lower
foundation cost.
 Mixing time is longer than
conventional concrete to
assure propermixing

14. 14
TIMBER FORMWORK
Most of the beam, column, slab and even foundation are casted with
concrete.Before casting the concrete,formwork must be built. Traditional
timber formwork and timber column formwork are used for beam, column,
slab and even foundation itself.
The advantage and disadvantages of timber formwork is shown in the
table:
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
 Good thermal insulation  Cant be used for long
 Easily be made into any shape
or size
 Have limited re-use
 Easy to find  Can only be reuse 3 or 4 times
 Lightweight  If the timber is dry, it will
absorb moisture from wet
concrete which could weaken
the resultant concrete member
 Easy to dissemble  Timberwith high moisture
content will affectwet concrete
shrink & cup leading to pen
joints & leakage of grout
 Easy to cut to shape  High amount of waste
 durable  Require high quality labor force
and adequate supervision
 Does not need any
specialization
 Low resistant towards fire

15. 15
CONCLUSION
Throughout the site visit, I was able to understand and visualize what I
have learnt during the lecture. I also leant the real feeling of being a
quantity surveyor visiting the site and it was tougher than I thought
compared with study in university life. It is a really fresh experience forme
that I ever had. Teamwork is crucial in constructing a building. Without
teamwork play, the construction projectnever ever will be successful.
As conclusion, I had gained a lots of knowledge about the basic of the
construction process,experience of actual working space, the usage of the
machinery, the usage of differenttype of materials.
The site visit was a valuable experience forme because I get to learn all of
these in practical than studying. I get to discoverthe plants and different
building materials obtained on site. Yet it is crucial part for my life by
gaining experience of how a building is constructed.
This site visit tells me that how important it is for the 3 subject we learn in
our first semesterand this report brings to the end of the overall modules
that we learnt in classes.
Thank you.