Comparison on the basis of comprehensive strength tensile strength modules of elasticity density coefficient of thermal expansion stress to strain ratio creep

1. COMPARITIVE
ANALYSIS OF TIMBER
AND CONCRETE
ALINA
VASILA
SHARAN
SHAHID
MUJEEB
ZUBAIR
AUSAF

2. TOPICS
 STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES
 DEFECTS
 SUSTAINIBILITY
 FLOORING
 CASE STUDY
 CLADDING
 FINISHES
 ENVIORNMENTAL IMPACT

3. PROPERTIES

4. Comparision will be on the
basis of:
 Compressive strength
 Tensile strength
 Modulus of elasticity
 Density
 Specific Gravity
 Modulus of rupture
 Coefficient of thermal expansion and contraction
 Stress to strain ratio
 Creep

5.  Yield strength
 Ultimate strength
 Energy required to produce each material
 Energy units
 Strength to weight ratio
 Stiffness
 Durablility
 Cost effeciently

7. Specific Gravity and
Modulus of Rupture
 Modulus of rupture : maximum load carrying capacity
in bending and is proportional to maximum moment
borne by the specimen
 Specific gravity : ratio of the density of a substance to
the density of reference substance.
since specific strength = strength/ density
hence
specific gravity has a relation with strength

10. Coefficient of Thermal
Expansion
 Coeficient of thermal
expansion is defined as the
measure of dimesnional
changes caused by
temperature variance
 Moist wood that is heated
expands due to thermal
expansion and shrinks due to
moiture loss which results in
net shrinkage.
 the cofficient of thermal
expansion of concrete is
dependent on moisture
content. it depends upon the
relative humity which internaly
depends upton the water to
cement ratio.
Substance Coefficient of thermal
expansion
concrete 0.8
wood 0.15
steel 50.2

12. CREEP
When first loaded, timber deforms elastically
but over a period of time, additional deformation
occurs.
The degree of creep deformation will increase with
increasing moisture
content of the timber and with loading applied for
longer durations
In concrte beam creep incre.ases the
deflection.
On account of differential temperature creep
is harmful as it may lead to cracking

13. Yield strength and ultimate
strength
Yield strength : Load at which permanent deformation takes place
ultimate strength : Load at which material breaks
Substance Yield
Strength
(Mpa)
Ultimate
Strength
(Mpa)
Wood N/a 50
Concrete N/a 40
Steel 250 400

14. Energy consumption during
construction and Energy unit
and Strength to weight ratio
Strength to weight ratio: when compared to concrete timber has a low density This means it can
offer lightweight structural solutionsresulting in benefi ts such as reduced foundation loads and ease
of lifting prefabricated elements during transportation and assembly.

15. Strength and Stiffness

17. Defects in timber and
concrete

18. Defects in
timber
 knots
Knots are of two
types: live knots and
dead knots
 shakes
Types of shakes:
star shakes, cup
shakes, ring shakes
and heart shakes
 rind gall
These defects in timber are caused due to
natural forces

19.  Defects caused by the
action of insects
Marine boars, termites, beetles
 STAIN
 DECAY
 These defects in timber are caused due to
fungi.

20.  bow
 cup
 chip
 split
 twist
honeycombin
g
 These defects are caused due to defective
seasoning

22. RIND GALLS SECTION
THROUGH A LOG

23. marine boars
beetles
termites

24. STAIN DECAY

25. BOW CUP CHECK
SPLIT TWIST

26. Defects in concrete
 blisters
Caused due to insufficient
or overuse of vibration,
excess amount of
entrapped air in the mix &
finishing still spongy
surface
 cracking
Caused due to shrinkage ,
settlement & applied loads
Crazing
Caused due to rapid changes in
moisture & temperature

27.  Delamination
Caused due to bleed air & water getting
trapped under an already sealed
surface
 Dusting
Caused due to the excess water on the surface during the
finishing stage
 efflorescence
Caused due to soluble salts in the material which migrate
to the surface
 curling
Caused due to differences in moisture content or
temperature between the top & bottom of the slab.

28. Cracking
BLISTERS CRACKING

29. CRAZING DELAMINATION

30. Efflorescense
DUSTING EFFLORESCENCE

33. concrete
timber
Impactrelativetowood
Embodied environmental impact of
timber and concrete

34. Chart Title
CONCRETE
TIMBER

35. energy
consumption
carbon emissions

40. 3D VIEW OF
STRUCTURAL MODEL
OF THE
TREET,NORWAY

41. COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS OF TIMBER AND
CONCRETE FLOORING.

42. (1) INTRO
(2) PLANS
(3) SECTIONS
(4) DETAILS
(5) DESIGN
(6) EXAMPLES

43. (1) SUSPENDED (1)SUSPENDED
TIMBER FLOORING CONCRETE
(2) SOLID TIMBER (2) SOLID
FLOORING . CONCRETE
FLOORING.
CONCRETE
FLOORING

44. SOLID FLOORING

45. 1. SINGLE JOIST
TIMBER BEAM
2. DOUBLE JOIST
TIMBER BEAM
3. FRAME TRIPLE
JOIST TIMBER
BEAM
JOISTS IN
CONCRETE
FLOORING
(1) MADE OUT
OF STEEL OR
R.C.C

46. TIMBER
CONCRETE

47. TIMBER
CONCRETE

49. 1. A SUSPENDED CONCRETE FLOOR
IS A FLOOR SLAB WHERE ITS
PERIMETER IS SUPPORTED ON
SLEEPER WALLS.
2. IT CAN BE USED ON SLOPING
SITES.

50. 1. SINGLE JOIST
TIMBER BEAM
2. DOUBLE JOIST
TIMBER BEAM
3. FRAME TRIPLE
JOIST TIMBER
BEAM
JOISTS IN
CONCRETE
FLOORING
(1) MADE OUT
OF STEEL OR
R.C.C

51. TIMBER JOISTS.
1) Concrete block
2) Outside wall
3) Concrete
block/inner wall
4) Sleeper wall
5) Concrete beam

52. SLEEPER
WALL
G.L
TIMBER
CONCRETE

54. 1) SLIP BLOCK
2) BEAM AND BLOCK FLOOR
3) DPC ON LEVELLING SCREED
4) QF BOARDS
5) SCREED
6) TIMBER FLOORING

56. EXAMPLES (1)
TIMBER
(2) CONCRETE

60.  All main load-bearing structures in “Treet” are wooden.
 Glulam is used for the trusses.
 Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is used for the elevator
shafts, staircases and internal walls.
 Timber framework is used in the building modules.
 The majority of the glulam is made out of untreated
Norway Spruce.
 Glulam that can be exposed to weathering is made of
copper-treated lamellas from Nordic Pine.
 The trusses are modelled with pinned joints between
all members.
The highest compression force in a column is 4287 kN.
The highest tension force in a column is 296 kN.

62.  The fire strategy report for this building states that the
main load bearing system must resist 90 minutes of
fire without collapse.
 Secondary load bearing systems, such as corridors
and balconies, must resist 60 minutes of fire
exposure.
 In addition, several other means of fire protection
measures are incorporated, such as fire painting of
wood in escape routes, sprinkling and elevated
pressure in escape stair shafts.
 The reduced cross-section method has been used,
which determines the effective residual cross-section
after charring.
 All gaps between connected timber members are
blocked with a fireproof joint filler.

64.  THE STRUCTURE IS MADE MOSTLY
OF CONCRETE AND IS
COMPARATIVELY SMALL,
ENCLOSED BY THICK WALLS, WITH
THE UPTURNED ROOF SUPPORTED
ON COLUMNS EMBEDDED WITHIN
THE WALLS, LIKE A SAIL
BILLOWING IN THE WINDY
CURRENTS ON THE HILL TOP.
 THE MAIN PART OF THE
STRUCTURE CONSISTS OF TWO
CONCRETE MEMBRANES
SEPARATED BY A SPACE OF 6'11",
FORMING A SHELL WHICH
CONSTITUTES THE ROOF OF THE
BUILDING

65.  The towers are
constructed of stone
masonry and are
capped by cement
domes.
 The vertical elements
of the chapel are
surfaced with mortar
sprayed on with a
cement gun and then
white-washed — both
on the interior and
exterior.
 The concrete shell of
the roof is left rough.

71. CLADDING

73. TYPES OF BOARD LAYOUTS
USED :
 Horizontal Boards.
 Vertical Boards.
 Diagonal Boards.

74.  TIMBER CLADDING
 Many reconstituted timber products are made from forestry waste with minimal
energy or chemical input, high manufacturing waste recovery and water recycling.
These products are among the most sustainable of all cladding options. Check
variations between brands on Eco specifier. Try to ensure that forestry waste rather
than saw log grade timbers are used and that the product contains no old growth
forest products.
 Availability: Available in most locations. Transport considerations should address
the high mass, low volume of these products when transported long distances (e.g.
composite loads with low mass, high volume materials).
 Embodied energy: Among the lowest embodied energy cladding materials currently
available in Australia. Also sequesters carbon.
 Maintenance: Moderate. Requires painting. Surface and dimensional stability
reduce frequency of maintenance. Usually pre-primed.
 Durability: Highly durable. Suitable for sites subject to seismic or geotechnical
movement.
 Breathability: Good (depending on finish) with low condensation risk. Can
encourage mould growth (by providing nutrients) if exposed to regular
condensation. Breathable sarking with a condensation cavity is strongly
recommended in condensation prone climates.
 Waterproofness: High.
 Insulation: Negligible.
 Fire resistance: Good.
 Toxicity: Non-toxic. Natural timber resins are used to bond particles under high
temperature and pressure. Paints and sealants can have toxicity issues.
 Finishes: Must be painted. Available in a diverse range of patterns, shapes and
finishes.
 Resource depletion: Virtually nil when product is made from forest waste.
 Recycling/reuse: Generally not recycled due to finishes. Limited reuse is possible
but often not implemented due to low cost of new materials

76.  CONCRETE CLADDING
 Manufactured in a strict factory controlled environment, most fibre cement products have high
sustainability credentials. However, considerable variations can occur between brands and
manufacturing plants depending on waste recovery rates, water sourcing and recycling, and
energy efficiency (particularly the recovery of autoclave energy). These can be checked on
Ecospecifier.
 Typically produced as planks, weatherboards or sheets. Sheet products are generally thinner
and therefore less material intensive but often have higher site waste rates — particularly on
complex designs and shapes.
 Availability: Commonly available due to high level transportability.
 Embodied energy: Generally low. Varies with volume, cement content and manufacturing
efficiency.
 Maintenance: Low maintenance due to stability but requires painting to maintain
waterproofness. Some applications in sheltered locations require one-off staining. Stamped or
sawn patterns applied during manufacture can add aesthetic variation.
 Durability: Highly durable and dimensionally stable. Suitable for sites subject to seismic or
geotechnical movement.
 Breathability: Good (depending on finish) with very low condensation risk. Can be subject to
surface mould growth if exposed to regular condensation. Breathable sarking with a
condensation cavity is strongly recommended in high risk climates.
 Waterproofness: High. Varies according to thickness and finish.
 Insulation: Poor insulator.
 Fire resistance: High.
 Toxicity: Non-toxic. Paints and sealants can have toxicity issues.
 Finishes: Available in a diverse range of patterns, shapes and finishes.
 Resource depletion: Plantation-grown cellulose reinforcing fibre is renewable. Cement is non-
renewable, and a finite resource with high embodied energy. Sand and fines are abundant but
non-renewable.
 Recycling/reuse: Generally not recycled due to finishes. Limited reuse is possible but often not
implemented due to low cost of new materials and deconstruction damage.

77.  Concrete cladding panels are made from
robust and durable concrete and are applied to
the inside or outside of a building to either
improve the aesthetic value or to improve the
building's durability

78. The most common type of
board cladding, where the
boards are laid
horizontally.
• In this format they can
be nailed to vertical
battens on either timber
frame wall or masonry
wall.

79. • Batten size should
be at least 2.0 times
the thickness of the
board.
• A cavity of at least
21mm shall be
incorporated into
design to permit air
circulation and
unrestricted
drainage of
rainwater that
penetrates the
cladding.

80. • The boards could be
used in a simple
overlap, feather
edge or square
edged or as rebated
feather edge or
shiplap.
• Generally battens to
which the boards
are fixed should be
not less than
38mm×38mm.

81. • Counter battens muat
he at least 16mm
thick.
• Cladding support
battens should be at
least twice the
thickness of an
individual board.
• A cavity of at least
21mm is required to
permit air circulation
and unrestricted
drainage.

82. • CLADDING BATTENS AND
COUNTER BATTENS OVER
SECONDARY BATTENS.
• TO CLADDING BATTENS
FASTENED DIRECTLY TO THE
OUTER WALL THROUGH THE
VAPOUR BARRIER USING
SPECIAL FIXINGS.
• TO BATTENS ATTACHED TO A
SELF SUPPORTING TREATED
TIMBER FRAME.
• BATTENS SHOULD BE AT
600MM CENTRES MAX.
• 400MM SHOULD BE USED FOR
DIAGONAL CLADDING.

83. • TIMBER
SELECTION.
• TIMBER
PROFILES.
• BOARD
LAYOUT
• REPARING
THE
SURFACE.
• FIXING
PANELLING.

84. FLOOR FINISHES

85. CONCRETE FINISHES
MOST POPULAR FLOOR FINISHES ARE
1) STAINED FINISHING
2) POLISHED FINISHING
3) EPOXY FINISHING

86. STAINED CONCRETE
EPOXY CONCRETE

87. POLISHED CONCRETE FLOOR

89. 1. CARBON FOOTPRINTING
2. GREENHOUSE EMISSIONS
3. GREEN RATING
4. ZERO ENERGY

90.  CARBON FOOTPRINTING IS SIMPLY THE
AMOUNT OF CARBON DIOXIDE
RELEASED INTO THE ATMOSPHERE
FROM THE ACTIVITIES OF AN
INDIVIDUAL,ORGANIZATION OR
COMPANY

91.  TIMBER  CONCRETE

92.  A GRADUAL INCREASE IN THE
OVERALL TEMPERATURE OF THE
EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE GENERALLY
ATTRIBUTED TO THE GREENHOUSE
EFFECT CAUSED BY INCREASED
LEVELS OF CARBON DIOXIDE, CFCS,
AND OTHER POLLUTANTS.

93. CONCRETE TIMBER
TONNES CO2

95.  A ZERO-ENERGY BUILDING, ALSO KNOWN AS A ZERO NET
ENERGY (ZNE) BUILDING, NET-ZERO ENERGY BUILDING(NZEB),
OR NET ZERO BUILDING, IS A BUILDING WITH ZERO
NET ENERGY CONSUMPTION, MEANING THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF
ENERGY USED BY THE BUILDING ON AN ANNUAL BASIS IS
ROUGHLY EQUAL TO THE AMOUNT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
CREATED ON THE SITE.
 TIMBER
 ZERO ENERGY HOUSE USES TIMBER (WHICH HAS LOW CARBON
FOOTPRINT) AS THE MAIN STRUCTURAL ELEMENT IN PLACE OF
CONCRETE AND STEEL, SO REDUCES THE OVERALL WEIGHT OF
THE STRUCTURE AND ALSO LESS DAMAGE IN CASE OF ANY
NATURAL DISASTERS.
 CONCRETE

98. THANK YOU