This document discusses information and communication technology (ICT). It defines ICT as the integration of computation, communication technologies, and processes used to generate, store, manipulate, and disseminate information. ICT includes computers, cell phones, televisions, radios, and other devices that facilitate electronic communication and data transmission. The document also discusses the historical evolution of ICT from early forms of human communication to modern digital technologies and networks, and how ICT has transformed information access and society.

1. Dr. Pooja Walia
Assistant Professor
Department of Education
Mizoram University, Aizawl

2. • Meaning of Information and
Communication Technology
• Components of ICT
• Meaning of Information Technology
• Meaning of Communication
Technology
• Concept of ICT
• Features of ICT
• Historical Overview of ICT
• Digital Paradigm

3. “ICT," an abbreviation for
information and communication
technology, refers to all equipment,
applications and services that
involve communication such as
Computers, cellphones, televisions,
radios and satellite systems. ICT
covers any product that will store,
retrieve, manipulate, transmit or
receive information electronically in
a digital form.

4. Information and communication technology is an integration of
computation system, communication technologies and process for
generation of information and dissemination. This synergetic
integration is achieved by the convergence for computer and electronic
communication. Hence information and communication technology is
not only a single technology rather it is a comprehensive approach of
using the computation and communication technologies. Computers
represent the computation technologies and other processing systems
while communication technologies are represented by a combination
of methods and modes for electronic data transmission.

6. Information Technology is a scientific, technological and engineering discipline
and management technique used in handing the information, it‘s application
and association with social, economical and cultural matters.
• Acquisition, Storage, manipulation, management, transmission or reception of
data or information.
• Real time access to information.
• Easy availability of updated data
• Connecting Geographically dispersed regions
• Wider range of communication media

7. • Communication Technology is the electronic systems used to facilitates
communication between individuals or groups. It facilitates
communication between individuals or groups, who are not physically
present at the same location. Systems such as telephone, telex, Fax,
radio, T.V. and Video are included, as well as more recent computer
based technologies, including electronic data interchange and e-mail.
• Communication technology is the activity of designing and constructing
and maintaining communication systems.

8. • Information Technology pertains to the hardware, software and user skills associated
with a stand-alone computer or laptop, while Information Communications Technology
relates to networked equipment (LAN/WAN) that allows for intra- and inter-network
communication via email and the Internet.
• In IT, hardware is the basic computer box and associated peripheral devices: scanners,
printers, CD-ROM, DVD drive and so on. Software consists of the programs a user installs
for personal use, such as the operating system (Windows/Linux/Mac OS), word
processors, spreadsheets, databases, graphic design and photo manipulation. IT skills are
those associated with the proper use of the operating system and other installed
programs.
• In ICT, hardware necessarily includes those devices, such as modems, routers and servers
that makes communication possible within and between networks.

9. • Information and communications technology (ICT) refers to all the technology
used to handle telecommunications, broadcast media, audio visual processing
and transmission systems, and network-based control and monitoring
functions. ICT include the merging of audio visual, telephone and computer
networks
• Information and Communication Technologies are defined as all devices, tools,
content, resources, forums, and services, digital and those that can be
converted into or delivered through digital forms, which can be deployed for
realising the goals of teaching learning, enhancing access to and reach of
resources, building of capacities, as well as management of the educational
system.

10. IT is technology that supports activities involving information. Such activities
include gathering, processing, storing and presenting data. The ever-changing field
of technology has made the world a smaller place, as information is easily and
rapidly exchanged through devices of telecommunication. Increasingly these
activities also involve collaboration and communication. Hence IT has become ICT:
information and communication technology.
The Internet has proved a huge advancement in the ICT community.
Videoconferencing and distance learning allow people thousands of miles apart to
speak together as if they were in the same room. ICT involves more than just
sharing of information, however. It also includes the quest to improve
communication throughout the world, especially to more underserved areas of the
globe.

11. • These will not only include hardware devices connected to
computers, and software applications, but also interactive digital
content, internet and other satellite communication devices, radio
and television services, web based content repositories, interactive
forums, learning management systems, and management information
systems.
• These will also include processes for digitisation, deployment and
management of content, development and deployment of platforms
and processes for capacity development, and creation of forums for
interaction and exchange.

12. • ICT are perhaps nearly as old as humanity itself, as human beings needed to communicate with
one another, beginning with symbolic (non verbal) ways, before language was invented. Language
could be seen as the first 'ICT', it enabled (oral) communication among human beings. Yet oral
communication had the limitation of space and time, meaning that the speaker and the listener
had to be in the same space and time.
• Script was the next ICT, invented around 5,000 years ago, which enabled information to be held
distinct from the communicator and be made available beyond the limitation of space and time
that oral communication imposed. Writing also enabled easier recording of human history and
thus the invention of script was a landmark in the history of ICTs.
• Invention of printing technologies scaled up the 'writing' process and enabled mass production of
books. The invention of radio and television created the 'mass media' in which simultaneously the
same message could be transmitted to thousands of people. Each ICT invention enabled the
processes of information creation, sharing, storing and communicating to be easier, quicker, more
efficient (reaching more people) etc. Each invention was a significant event in the evolution of
human communication processes and in the explosion in the availability of information. Each step
also resulted also in shifts in the way information became accessible to sections of society.

14. • Information and communication have historically been drivers of social processes
and systems. What makes the new framework different is the advancement in
the digital technologies surrounding information and communications. We are
using digital methods of accessing, creating, modifying sharing and storing
information as well as for communication.
• The digital format of resources has caused such an explosion of information since
creation, storage and dissemination of information has become much easier and
cheaper than before. Increasingly, production and consumption of information
becoming increasingly important, not only from economic but even more so from
social and cultural perspectives.
• This digital knowledge society is developing new structures and adjusting existing
structures, along the lines of information flow. These pathways of information
flow can also create more marginalization and exclusion if all the participants in
society are not equipped with the skills to function in this society.