Information technology involves the acquisition, processing, storage, and dissemination of information using computers and communication technology. It has three main components: 1. Computer technology, which includes computers capable of processing and storing vast amounts of information at high speeds. 2. Communication technology, including wired technologies like Ethernet and fiber optics, and wireless technologies like radio waves and satellites, which allow transmission of information over long distances. 3. Information itself, also called data, which can be encoded and transmitted in various forms via storage and communication technologies to resolve uncertainty.

1. Information Technology
Foundation
&
Components

2. Information Technology
• Information Technology (IT) is a generic term that covers the acquisition,
processing, storage and dissemination of information by using computers and
communication technology from its generation to its ultimate utilization.

3. • The British Department of Industry defines IT as, ‘The acquisition, processing, storage and
dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical information by microelectronics based
combination of computing and telecommunication’.
• Other Definitions by Information Technology Association of America (ITAA) and UNESCO etc.
Definitions of I.T

4. • IT is the boon for mankind, its diversified possibilities have reduced the space
and time between the people, continents and ultimately led the emerging
concepts ‘Global Society’ and ‘Global Village’.
Information Technology

5. Development of I.T.
• IT as a technical support for human thinking and communication has been evolving over years.
• It is only recently that the term has been used as a collection term for the whole spectrum of
technologies providing the means to acquire, store, transmit, retrieve and process information.
• Development in computer and communication technology has laid the foundation of
Development of Information Technology

6. Component of Information Technology
• Computer Technology
• Communication Technology
– Telecommunication Technology
• Wired Communication Technology
• Wireless Communication Technology
• Information (Data)

7. Computer Technology
• Computer is an Automatic I S & R System, electronic machine and a landmark in
IT history, capable of performing a series of operations according to a set of
logical instructions with utmost speed.
• The wide spread use of computer technology has made magical development in
the information transmission processes, in every field during the past few years.
• it gives accessibility to information at fingertips.

8. • Computer was something that was within the reach of only a privileged few
technologists and scientists but today computer is becoming a hand handled
device even for a newly born babies.
• Its storage capacity facilitates access to billions of characters of data and
retrieval of vast and ever increasing information had captured every field of
human intervention.
Computer Technology

9. Computer Technology
• The impact of CT in LIS has been increasing in importance, as interactive IRS
have been developed, that allow users dispersed over wide region to obtain
access to these systems on a real time basis.
– Saving Time, Labour Cost
– Speed
– Reduce Monotony
– Equality, Standardization
– Accuracy and Efficiency

10. Communication
• According to Newman and Summer, ‘communication is an exchange of
facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more persons’.
• George Lundberg considers communication as, ‘a sub category of
interaction, namely the form of interaction using symbols, gesture, picture,
verbal or any other which would serve as stimuli to behavior’.

11. • Charles Cooley defines communication technology as ‘the
mechanism through which all human relations exists and
developed-all the symbols of the mind together with the means of
conveying through space and preserving them in time’.
Communication Technology

12. Telecommunication Technology
• Telecommunication is an area of Information Technology, The word
‘Tele’ means at a ‘distance’ and the word ‘communication’ means
‘exchange of ideas’.
• Consequently, Telecommunication may be defined as the
transmission of representations of information between remote
locations by electronic means.

13. • A wide variety of information is transformed by such systems including
sound, visual images, computer processed data, telegraph and
teletypewriter signals etc.
• Telecommunication technology are of two types
– Wired Technology
– Wireless Technology
Telecommunication Technology

14. • Refer to the use of physical cables or wires to transmit data and
information between devices or networks.
• Types of Wired Technologies include : Ethernet, Fiber Optics, Coaxial
cables, and Powerline Communication (PLC). Each technology has its
own advantages and is used in different scenarios
Wired technology

15. Wired technology
• Optical communications are a recent addition in the field of wired
telecommunication systems.
• Here light is the carrier of information and optical fibers are the
medium of transmitting the light signals.

16. • Such systems offer extremely high bandwidth, freedom from external
interference, immunity from interception by external means, and
cheap raw materials like silicon.
• Optical fibers are made of glass, which in turn, is made from sand, an
inexpensive raw material available in unlimited amount.
Wired technology

17. • The transfer of information (telecommunication) between two or more points
without the use of an electrical conductor, optical fiber or other continuous guided
medium for the transfer.
• The systems used to transmit information over a wireless medium, such as radio
waves or infrared signals, without the need for physical cables or wires.
• These technologies have revolutionized the way we communicate and have become
an integral part of our daily lives.
Wireless Technology

18. Wireless Technology
• Satellite communication is one of most popularly extensively used wireless
communication technology now a days
• Communication Satellites have some interesting properties that make them
attractive for many applications.
• A communication satellite can be thought of as a big microwave repeater in
the sky.

19. • It contains several transponders, each of which listens to some
portion of the spectrum, amplifies the incoming signal and then
rebroadcasts it at another frequency, to avoid interference with the
incoming signals.
• A typical satellite has 12-20 transponders, each with a 36-50 MHz
bandwidth.
Wireless Technology

20. Information (Data)
• The concept of information has different meanings in different
contexts.
• Information is sometimes called as processed data. Thus it is associated
with data. The difference between the two is information resolves
uncertainty and data can represent redundant symbols.
• Information can be transmitted in time, i.e. storage, and space,
i.e. communication and telecommunication.

21. • Information can be encoded into various forms
for transmission and interpretation (for example, information may be
encoded into a sequence of signs, or transmitted via a signal).
• It can also be encrypted for safe storage and communication.
Information (Data)