This document discusses computer security and computer crimes. It begins by defining computer security as protecting computer systems and information from harm, theft, and unauthorized use. It then discusses the components of computer systems that need protection, including hardware, software, and firmware. The document outlines the main goals of computer security as confidentiality, integrity, and availability. It also describes common threats like viruses, worms, and rootkits. The document then discusses different types of computer security like information security, network security, and application security. Finally, it classifies different types of computer crimes such as crimes against individuals, property, organizations, and society.

1. Submitted to – Nidhi Hooda mam
Submitted by – Afsana Tabassum
Class - Msc forensic science (previous)
Roll no. – 1317

2. 
The internet has transformed our lives in many good
ways . Computers have created a very effective
information system to help streamline the management of
an organization . Now days it is much needed tool for
every business, banking, government, daily life , industry,
education and administration.
Unfortunately, this vast network and its associated
technologies also have brought in their wake, the
increasing number of security threats.
The most effective way to protect yourself from these
threats and attacks is to be aware of standard computer
security practices.Cybersecurity is also known as
information technology security.
Introduction to computer
security

3. 
 Computer security is defined as the process of
protecting computer systems which communicate
over the computer networks .It is the protection of
computer systems and information from harm, theft ,
unauthorized use . It is the preventing and detecting
unauthorized use of our computer system.
Computer security

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 Computer security is also deals with a control that are put
in place to provide confidentiality , integrity , and
availability for all the components of the computer
systems.
 COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM – These are
those components of computer system that are need to
protected following –
1. Hardware - It is a physical part of computer ,hardware
is a vulnerable component that needs to be protecting
from temporing or theft.
It is rather simple to attack by adding devices,changing
them, removing them , etc. Computer hardware can be
attacked physically by burned,frozen etc.
Cont…

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 2. Sotware - It is the programming that offers services,
like operating system, word processor, internet
browser to the user.It is also protected under computer
security. Software can be replaced , changed , or
destroyed maliciously or it may be modified , deleted
or in some case misplaced accidentally. Whether
intentional or not.
 3. Firmware –It is a permanent software that etched
into a hardware device, it is non volatile memory and
mostly invisible to the user such as ROM. As hardware
and OS security become more rebust, hackers and
reserchers looks for exploit in other areas such as
firmware.
Cont…

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 In the firmware attack malicious or itentionally
vulnerable firmware can be introduced into a
product if a vendor or one of its suppliers is
compromised. This is actually quite large attack
surface given the many components and underlying
supply chain that goes into a modern device.
Cont….

7. 
 Computer security mainly concerned with these
three main goals.
 1. Confidentiality –It is ensuring that the
information is available only to the intended
audience.Confidentiality is some times called secrecy
or privacy.
 2.Integrity – It is protecting information from being
modified by unauthorized parties.
 3. Availability –It means that assets are accessible to
authorized parties at appropriate times.
Three goals of computer
security

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Cont…

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 A threats to a computing system is a set of cicumtance
that has the potential to cause loss or harm.There are
many threats to a computer system,including human
initiated or computer initiated.
 1. Virus – It is a malicious program which raplicates
itself and infects the files and program of PC,make
them non- functional.
 2. Computer worms – Self replicating that spread
malicious code , worm make duplicates itself and
multiply computer to computer ,commonly spread by
e-mail.
 3. Rootkit – It is also considered as extreamly
dangerous as they appear legitimate files and decieve
the computer user
Types of computer threats

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 1. Information security –Information security aims to
private information from unauthorized access , identity
theft.It provide privacy of data and hardware that
handled,stored and transmit that data.
 2. Network security – Network security aims to protect
data usability,integrity and safety of network,associated
components and shared over network.It is also ensure
that the internal network are secure byprotecting the
infrastructure that access to it.example extra logins,new
passwords ,antivirus programs etc.
 3. Application security –Aims to protect software ,
applications from vulnarability that occurs due to flows in
applications design,development,upgrade etc.
Types of computer security

11. 
 Computer forensics is the branch of forensics science
which includes the identification,collection,analysis and
reporting any valuable digital information in the
computer related to computer crimes. In the digital media
or digital device various security feature add to prevent
cybercrime but criminals find other ways for crimes on
digital media or device or internet.
 Hence computer forensics play an important role to find a
criminals.Forensic investigator investigate the cybercrime
with the help of computer forensics, in computer crime
case there is need computer security to catch the criminals
and for identifying which method of crime used.
Its relationship to computer
forensics

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Branches of computer
forensics

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Classification of
computer crimes
Computer crime is defined as an offences that are committed
against individuals or groups of individuals with a criminal
motive to intentionally harm the reputation of the victim or cause
physical or mental harm to victim directly or indirectly.

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Computer crimes can be classified
into….

15. 
Computer crimes

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Crime taken to theft personal information and to harm an
individual by making misuse of that information.These are
following types :
 Cyber stalking – It is the threatening behaviour or repeated
actions of harassment of cyber criminals by using internet
services.
 E-mail spoofing –In this e-mail appears to originate from one
source but actually has been sent from another source and
may cause monetary demage.
 Cyber defamation – This occurs when defamation takes
place with the help of computers or internet.Such as
someone publish defamatory matter about someone on
website or send e-mails containing defamatory information.
Computer crimes against
individual.

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 Credit card fraud – It is fraud committed using a
payment card may be credit card or debit card. In this
the proccess a payment to another account which is
controlled by a criminal or unauthorised where the
account holder does not provide authorisation and the
transection is carried out by a third party.
 Intellectual property theft – These include software
piracy : illegal copying of programs, distribution of
copies of software . Copyright infringement:
Trademark violations : Theft of computer source code.
 Internet time theft – Usage of the internet hours by an
unauthorized person which is actually paid by another
person.
Computer crimes against
property

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 Unauthorized accessing of computer – Accessing the
computer or network without permission from the
owner.It can be of two forms : by changing or deleting
data may be unauthorized changing of data.
 Computer contamination or virus attack – Infect
computer programs by modifying them in such way as
copy of it.
 E-mail bombing – Sending large numbers of mails to the
individual or company or mail servers resulting into
crashing.
 Salami attack – It is done financial crimes like iuf
employee of bank inserts a program to deduct Rs. 4 from
Each account every month but account holder mostly not
notice it and employee makes sizable amount every
month.
Computer crime against
organisation

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 Logic bomb – It is an event dependent programme, as
soon as the designated event occurs, it crashes the
computer by release virus or any other harmful
possibilities.
 Trojan horse – An unauthorized program which
functions from inside what seems to be an authorized
program,thereby concealing what is actually doing.
 Data diddling – This kind of an attack involve altering
raw data just before it is processed by a computer and
then changing it back after the proccessing is
completed.
Cont…

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 Forgery – Currency notes , revenue stamps, mark
sheet etc. can be forged using computers and high
quality scanners and printers.
 Cyber terrorism – attacks on military installations,
power plants,air traffic controls etc .
 Web jacking – Hackers gain access and control over
the website of another even they change the content
of website for fulfilling political objective or for
money.
Crime against society

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