Downloaded 19 times
Uploaded byravikumarmrk
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
This document provides an overview of computer aided design (CAD) and computer graphics. It discusses the CAD design process, including sequential and concurrent engineering. CAD systems use computer graphics to represent geometric models in 2D and 3D coordinate systems. Transformations like translation, scaling, and rotation can manipulate these models. The document also describes techniques for line drawing, clipping, and viewing transformations in CAD and computer graphics.
More Related Content
Similar to COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
More from ravikumarmrk
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
- 1. COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN UNIT1 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS 07-11-2021 1
- 2. SYALLABUS Product cycle Design process Sequential and concurrent engineering Computer aided design – CAD system architecture Computer graphics – co-ordinate systems- 2D and 3D transformations - homogeneous coordinates Line drawing -Clipping- viewing transformation 07-11-2021 2
- 3. Introduction to CAD/CAM 07-11-2021 3 CAD was introduced by Dr. Ivan Sutherland in 1963-1964 CAD 1. Geometric Modeling 2. Design Engineering 3. Computer Graphics CAM 1. Network 2. Cad 3. Manufacturing
- 4. Product cycle Thecycle through which a product goes from development to retirement is called product life cycle. The product cycle starts with developing the product concept, evolving the design, engineering the product, manufacturing the part, marketing and servicing. The product undergoes the following two main processes Design process Manufacturing process 07-11-2021 4
- 5.
- 6. DESIGN PROCESS Designis an activity that needs to be well organized and should take into account all influences that are likely to be responsible for the success of the product under development. The following models are considered in design purpose Shigley Pahl and Beitz Ohsuga Earle 07-11-2021 6
- 7.
- 8. Pahl and Beitzdesign Process 07-11-2021 8
- 9.
- 10.
- 11. MORPHOLOGY OF DESIGN Morphology design refers to the study of the structure of design projects. It is defined by seven phases and their sub steps. Out of seven phases, the first three phases belong to the design the proposed by Morris Asimow and the remaining four phases belong to production, distribution, consumption and retirement. 07-11-2021 11
- 12.
- 13. SEQUENCIAL ENGINEERING Threemajor phases of conventional manufacturing process are design, process planning and manufacturing. All these phases are sequentially carried out. 07-11-2021 13
- 14. CONCURRENT ENGINEERING Itis the methodology of restructuring the product development activity in a manufacturing organization using cross functional team approach. 07-11-2021 14
- 15. COMPARISION BETWEEN SEQUENTIAL ANDCONCURRENT ENGINEERING 07-11-2021 15
- 16. COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN Groover and Zimmers defined “CAD is the technology concerned with the use of computer systems to assist the creation, modification, analysis and optimization of a design”. Roles of CAD in Design Accurately generated and easily modifiable graphical representation of the product. User can nearly view the actual product on the screen, make any modification to it and present his ideas on screen without any prototype, during the early stages of the design process. Complex design analysis in short time. By implementing Finite Element Analysis (FEA) methods user can perform as follows 07-11-2021 16
- 17. Roles of CADin Design Static, dynamic, natural frequency analysis Heat transfer analysis Fluid flow analysis Plastic analysis It records and recalls information with consistency and speed Use of Product Data Management (PDM) systems can store the whole design and processing history of a certain product for future reuse and upgrade. 07-11-2021 17
- 18.
- 19. APPLICATION OF CAD Mechanical engineering Civil engineering Electrical and electronics engineering Textile industry 07-11-2021 19
- 20. ADVANTAGES OF CAD Easy editing High quality Compact storage 3D Drawing 07-11-2021 20
- 21. CAD SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE It is an early model which was used for the basic geometry construction and modelling purpose. Four major components of CAD System Architecture are 1. Database 2. Operating system 3. Input/output devices 4. User interface 07-11-2021 21
- 22.
- 23.
- 24. COMPUTER GRAPHICS (CG) Computer graphics is a technology which uses the display of the drawing or the geometric model of the component in CAD. It is an extremely effective medium for communication between users and computers. There are two types 1. Passive Computer Graphics 2. Interactive Computer Graphics (IGC) 07-11-2021 24
- 25.
- 26. ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS The object drawings can be denoted by its geometric model in three dimensions. i.e. X, Y, Z coordinates. Accurate drawings can be made. Sectional drawings can be easily created. Modification of geometric model of objects is easy. It is easy storage and retrieval of drawings. 07-11-2021 26
- 27. APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS Paint programs Design programs Presentation graphics software Animation software CAD software Desktop publishing Education and training Image processing 07-11-2021 27
- 28. CO-ORDINATE SYSTEMS Ingeneral, there are two types of co-ordinate system 1. Cartesian – Linear distances X,Y and Z 2. Polar – Angles such as θ, α, φ 07-11-2021 28
- 29. Left and righthanded coordinate system 07-11-2021 29
- 30. 2D & 3D (GEOMETRIC)TRANSFORMATION A geometric transformation is an operation that modifies its shape, size, position, orientation etc. with respect to its current configuration operating on the vertices. Some of the important transformations are Translation Scaling Rotation Reflection Shear 07-11-2021 30
- 31. 2D & 3DTRASLATION , , , x y x y x x t y y t t x x t y y P P T P P T 07-11-2021 31 2D Formula 3D Formula
- 32. 2D & 3DSCALING 07-11-2021 32 2D Formula 3D Formula , 0 0 x y x y x x s y y s s x x s y y P S P
- 33. 2D & 3DROTATION 07-11-2021 33 2D Formula 3D Formula
- 34. HOMOGENEOUS TRANSFORMATION Thethree dimensional representation of two dimensional plane is called as homogeneous representation and the transformation using homogeneous representation is called homogeneous transformation. 07-11-2021 34
- 35.
- 36. LINE DRAWING 07-11-2021 36 Straightline segments are used a great deal in computer generated pictures. The following criteria have been stipulated for line drawing displays: i. Lines should appear straight ii. Lines should terminate accurately iii. Lines should have constant density iv. Line density should be independent of length and angle v. Line should be drawn rapidly
- 37. DDA ALGORITHM 07-11-2021 37 Apopular method uses an algorithm known as “Digital Differential Analyzer” which generates lines from their differential equations. For a line segment joining two points P1 and P2, a parametric representation is given by P(u) =P1+(P2-P1)u In terms of x(u) and y(u) x(u) = x1 + (x2-x1)u y(u) = y1 + (y2-y1)u
- 38. BRESENHAM’S LINE ALGORITHM 07-11-2021 38 The basic principle of Bresenham’s line algorithms is to select the optimum location to represents a straight line. To achieve optimum scan, the algorithm always increments either x or y by one unit depending on the slope line. The increment in the other variable is determined by examining the distance between the actual line location and the nearest pixel. This distance is called decision variable or error.
- 39. CLIPPING 07-11-2021 39 If anypart of the geometry is not inside the window, it is made invisible by the graphic software is called clipping.
- 40.
- 41.
- 42. VIEWING TRANSFORMATIONS 07-11-2021 42 Displayingan image of a picture involves in mapping the co-ordinates of the picture into the appropriate coordinates on the device where the image is to be displayed.
- 43.