This document provides an introduction and syllabus for a CAD/CAM course. It discusses key topics that will be covered including the product design cycle, design processes, sequential and concurrent engineering, computer aided design systems and graphics, coordinate systems, geometric transformations, line drawing algorithms, clipping, and viewing transformations. The goals of the course are to introduce students to CAD and CAM concepts and systems as well as manufacturing planning and control.
The slide presents introduction to computer aided design and drafting, and introduction to AutoCAD software. 2D and 3D modelling using AutoCAD software is presented.
The slide presents introduction to computer aided design and drafting, and introduction to AutoCAD software. 2D and 3D modelling using AutoCAD software is presented.
Towards smart and competitive sustainable machiningLiu PeiLing
Computer Numeric Control (CNC) revolutionized the machining technology and has been the cutting edge of digital manufacturing since 1950s. CNC machining model, simulation,
verification, and optimization have been a vivid research topic of Smart Machining that automated the CNC programming (CAM) and cutting process, hence greatly increased machining productivity since 1990s. This paper traces back the history of CNC simulation, analysis the different CNC machining models, tested with application examples, and listed different CNC verification industry applications for the last 20 years. The new challenge comes from sustainable manufacturing. Towards mart and competitive sustainable machining, CNC model and simulation will be used to optimize the machining process, where the raw material could be saved through First Part correct technology, the energy could be saved through cutting speed optimization, and used parts could be saved by remanufacturing.
Towards smart and sustainable machiningLiu PeiLing
Computer Numeric Control (CNC) revolutionized the machining technology and has been the cutting edge of digital manufacturing since 1950s. CNC machining model, simulation, verification, and optimization have been a vivid research topic of Smart Machining that automated the CNC programming (CAM) and cutting process, hence greatly increased machining productivity since 1990s. This paper traces back the history of CNC simulation, analysis the different CNC machining models, tested with application examples, and listed different CNC verification industry applications for the last 20 years. The new challenge comes from sustainable manufacturing. Towards smart and competitive sustainable machining, CNC model and simulation will be used to optimize the machining process, where the raw material could be saved through First Part Correct technology, the energy could be saved through cutting speed optimization, and used parts could be saved by remanufacturing.
Metrology Measurements and All units PPTdinesh babu
Metrology is the science of measurement, embracing both experimental and theoretical determinations at any level of uncertainty in any field of science and technology
Towards smart and competitive sustainable machiningLiu PeiLing
Computer Numeric Control (CNC) revolutionized the machining technology and has been the cutting edge of digital manufacturing since 1950s. CNC machining model, simulation,
verification, and optimization have been a vivid research topic of Smart Machining that automated the CNC programming (CAM) and cutting process, hence greatly increased machining productivity since 1990s. This paper traces back the history of CNC simulation, analysis the different CNC machining models, tested with application examples, and listed different CNC verification industry applications for the last 20 years. The new challenge comes from sustainable manufacturing. Towards mart and competitive sustainable machining, CNC model and simulation will be used to optimize the machining process, where the raw material could be saved through First Part correct technology, the energy could be saved through cutting speed optimization, and used parts could be saved by remanufacturing.
Towards smart and sustainable machiningLiu PeiLing
Computer Numeric Control (CNC) revolutionized the machining technology and has been the cutting edge of digital manufacturing since 1950s. CNC machining model, simulation, verification, and optimization have been a vivid research topic of Smart Machining that automated the CNC programming (CAM) and cutting process, hence greatly increased machining productivity since 1990s. This paper traces back the history of CNC simulation, analysis the different CNC machining models, tested with application examples, and listed different CNC verification industry applications for the last 20 years. The new challenge comes from sustainable manufacturing. Towards smart and competitive sustainable machining, CNC model and simulation will be used to optimize the machining process, where the raw material could be saved through First Part Correct technology, the energy could be saved through cutting speed optimization, and used parts could be saved by remanufacturing.
Metrology Measurements and All units PPTdinesh babu
Metrology is the science of measurement, embracing both experimental and theoretical determinations at any level of uncertainty in any field of science and technology
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
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Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
3. SYALLABUS
Product cycle, Design process, Sequential and concurrent engineering
Computer aided design – CAD system architecture, Computer graphics
co-ordinate systems- 2D and 3D transformations – homogeneous coordinates
Line drawing -Clipping- viewing transformation
Brief introduction to CAD and CAM – Manufacturing Planning
Manufacturing control- Introduction to CAD/CAM –CAD/CAM concepts
Types of production - Manufacturing models and Metrics
Mathematical models of Production Performance
4. Product cycle
The cycle through which a product goes from development to
retirement is called product life cycle.
The product cycle starts with developing the product concept,
evolving the design, engineering the product, manufacturing the
part, marketing and servicing.
The product undergoes the following two main processes
Design process
Manufacturing process
5.
6. DESIGN PROCESS
Design is an activity that needs to be well organized and should take into
account all influences that are likely to be responsible for the success of the
product under development.
The following models are considered in design purpose
Shigley
Pahl and Beitz
Ohsuga
Earle
11. SEQUENCIAL ENGINEERING
Traditional Engineering Also known as sequential Engineering.
Marketing
Engineering Design
Manufacturing
Testing
Production
Each stages of the developments process is carried out separately.
Three major phases of conventional manufacturing process are design, process
planning and manufacturing.
12.
13. SEQUENCIAL ENGINEERING
ADVANTAGES:
Easy to track progress and understand the requirements of the project and
processes.
It is well defined for each team member or department.
Simple to understand and avoids misinterpretation.
It is an imposed discipline approach which takes away any misunderstanding.
LIMITATIONS:
Increased product cycle time
Change requests from others in the latter stages are often very expensive and
difficult to manage
Without staged feedback
Final unit cost not economically viable
14. CONCURRENT ENGINEERING
Concurrent engineering, also known as simultaneous engineering, is a
method designing and developing products, in which the different stages
run simultaneously rather than consecutively.
It decreases,
Product Development Time
Time to market
Improved productivity
Reduced costs
15. Elimination of waste
Improvement of quality
Reduction of cost
Continuous Improvement
Faster decisions.
Objectives of Concurrent Engineering
17. COMPARISION BETWEEN SEQUENTIAL
AND CONCURRENT ENGINEERING
Product development cost
Number of design changes
Lead time for product development
Customer satisfaction
Coordination between departments
20. COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
Groover and Zimmers defined “CAD is the technology concerned with the use
of computer systems to assist the creation, modification, analysis and
optimization of a design”.
21. Roles of CAD in Design
Accurately generated and easily modifiable graphical representation of
the product.
User can nearly view the actual product on the screen, make any
modification to it and present his ideas on screen without any prototype,
especially during the early stages of the design process.
Complex design analysis in short time. By implementing Finite Element
Analysis (FEA) methods user can perform as follows
Static, dynamic & natural frequency analysis
Heat transfer analysis
Fluid flow analysis
Plastic analysis
22. Roles of CAD in Design
It records and recalls information with consistency and speed
Use of Product Data Management (PDM) systems can store the whole
design and processing history of a certain product for future reuse and
upgrade.
26. CAD SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
It is an early model which was used for the basic geometry construction
and modelling purpose.
Four major components of CAD System Architecture are
1. Database
2. Operating system
3. Input/output devices
4. User interface
27.
28.
29. COMPUTER GRAPHICS (CG)
Computer graphics is a technology which uses the display of the drawing or
the geometric model of the component in CAD.
CG may be defined as the process of creation, storage and manipulation
of drawings and pictures with aid of a computer.
It is an extremely effective medium for communication between users and
computers.
There are two types
1. Passive CG
2. Interactive CG
32. ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER
GRAPHICS
The object drawings can be denoted by its geometric model in three
dimensions. i.e. X, Y, Z coordinates.
Accurate drawings can be made.
Sectional drawings can be easily created.
Modification of geometric model of objects is easy.
It is easy storage and retrieval of drawings.
33. APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER
GRAPHICS
Paint programs
Design programs
Presentation graphics software
Animation software
CAD software
Desktop publishing
Education and training
Image processing
34. CO-ORDINATE SYSTEMS
In general, there are two types of co-ordinate system
1. Cartesian – Linear distances X,Y and Z
2. Polar – Angles such as θ, α, φ
35. Left hand and right hand co-ordinate systems
Multiple co-ordinate systems
World co-ordinate system
Object co-ordinate system
Hierarchical co-ordinate system
View point co-ordinate system
Model view co-ordinate system
Screen co-ordinate system
View port co-ordinate system
37. 2D & 3D
(GEOMETRIC)TRANSFORMATION
A geometric transformation is an operation that modifies
its shape, size, position, orientation etc. with respect to its
current configuration operating on the vertices.
Some of the important transformations are
Translation
Scaling
Rotation
Reflection
Shear
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38. 2D & 3D TRASLATION
,
, ,
.
x y
x
y
x x t y y t
t
x x
t
y y
P P T
P P T
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38
2D FORMULA 3D FORMULA
39.
40. 2D & 3D SCALING
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40
2D FORMULA 3D FORMULA
,
0
0
x y
x
y
x x s y y s
s
x x
s
y y
P S P
41.
42. 2D & 3D ROTATION
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42
2D FORMULA 3D FORMULA
45. HOMOGENEOUS TRANSFORMATION
The three dimensional representation of two
dimensional plane is called as homogeneous
representation and the transformation using
homogeneous representation is called
homogeneous transformation.
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48. LINE DRAWING
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Straight line segments are used a great deal in computer generated
pictures. The following criteria have been stipulated for line drawing
displays:
i. Lines should appear straight
ii.Lines should terminate accurately
iii.Lines should have constant density
iv.Line density should be independent of length and angle
v.Line should be drawn rapidly
49. DDA ALGORITHM
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A popular method uses an algorithm known as “Digital Differential
Analyzer” which generates lines from their differential equations.
For a line segment joining two points P1 and P2, a parametric
representation is given by
P(u) =P1+(P2-P1)u
In terms of x(u) and y(u)
x(u) = x1 + (x2-x1)u
y(u) = y1 + (y2-y1)u
50. BRESENHAM’S LINE ALGORITHM
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The basic principle of Bresenham’s line algorithms is to select the
optimum raster location to represents a straight line.
To achieve optimum raster scan, the algorithm always increments either
x or y by one unit depending on the slope line.
The increment in the other variable is determined by examining the
distance between the actual line location and the nearest pixel.
This distance is called decision variable or error.
51. CLIPPING
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If any part of the geometry is not inside the window, it is made invisible
by the graphic software is called clipping.
54. VIEWING TRANSFORMATIONS
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Displaying an image of a picture involves in mapping the co-ordinates of
the picture into the appropriate coordinates on the device where the
image is to be displayed.