This document presents a numerical optimization approach for designing robust PI and PID controllers for time-delay systems. The approach models processes using first-order plus dead time and second-order plus dead time transfer functions. It formulates the controller design as an optimization problem that maximizes stability margins while satisfying constraints related to transient response. The approach is demonstrated by deriving the characteristic equations for PI and PID control of a first-order process and setting up the optimization problems to design the controllers.
Robust PID Controller Design for Non-Minimum Phase Systems using Magnitude Op...IRJET Journal
This document discusses two approaches for designing a controller for non-minimum phase systems: 1) the magnitude optimum and multiple integration method, and 2) a numerical optimization approach. The magnitude optimum method uses areas calculated from the process step response to determine the PID controller parameters, eliminating the need to estimate process parameters directly. The numerical optimization approach formulates the controller design as an optimization problem to minimize sensitivity functions in the closed-loop system. Both approaches are presented as ways to design robust controllers for non-minimum phase systems.
An Approach for Engineering Tuning of PID Controller with a Highly Oscillatin...IJSRED
This document proposes an engineering approach to tune a PID controller for a highly oscillating second order process. The approach involves solving the characteristic equation of the closed loop system (process-controller) to determine the PID tuning parameters. The analysis results in expressions to calculate the time constant of integration, time constant of differentiation, and proportional gain of the PID controller. These tuning parameters completely satisfy the quality requirement of 0% overshoot for the high order system.
Design and Implementation of Discrete Augmented Ziegler-Nichols PID ControllerIDES Editor
Although designing and tuning a proportionalintegral-
derivative (PID) controller appears to be conceptually
intuitive, but it can be hard in practice, if multiple (and often
conflicting) objectives such as short transient and high
stability are to be achieved. Traditionally Ziegler Nichols is
widely accepted PID tuning method but it’s performance is
not accepted for systems where precise control is required. To
overcome this problem, the online gain updating method
Augmented Ziegler-Nichols PID (AZNPID) was proposed, with
the amelioration of Ziegler-Nichols PID’s (ZNPID’s) tuning
rule. This study is further extension of [1] for making the
scheme more generalized. With the help of fourth order
Runge-Kutta method, differential equations involved in PID
are solved which significantly improves transient performance
of AZNPID compared to ZNPID. The proposed augmented
ZNPID (AZNPID) is tested on various types of linear processes
and shows improved performance over ZNPID. The results of
the proposed scheme is validated by simulation and also
verified experimentally by implementing on Quanser’s real
time servo-based position control system SRV-02.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
New controllers efficient model based design methodAlexander Decker
This document proposes new methods for designing P, PI, PD, and PID controllers based on selecting the controller gains based on the plant's parameters. The goal is to achieve acceptable stability and medium fast response. Expressions are proposed for calculating the controller gains for first-order, second-order, and time-delay systems based on the plant's time constant, damping ratio, and natural frequency. The proposed controller design methods are tested on first, second, and first-order systems with time delay using MATLAB/Simulink. The results show the methods can achieve acceptable stability and medium fast response with minimum steady state error by selecting a single tuning parameter.
Online Adaptive Control for Non Linear Processes Under Influence of External ...Waqas Tariq
In this paper a novel temperature controller, for non linear processes, under the influence of external disturbance, has been proposed. The control process has been carried out by Neural Network based Proportional, Integral and Derivative (NNPID). In this controller, two experiments have been conducted with respect to the setpoint changes and load disturbance. The first experiment considers the change in setpoint temperature in steps of 10oC from 50oC to 70oC for three different rates of flow of water. In the second experiment the load disturbance in terms of addition of 100ml/min of water at three different time intervals is introduced in the system. It has been shown that, in these situations, the proposed controller adjusts NN weights which are equivalent to PID parameters in both the cases to achieve better control than conventional PID. In the proposed controller, an error less than 0.08oC have been achieved under the effect of the load disturbance. Moreover, it is also seen that the present controller gives error less than 0.11oC, 0.12oC and 0.12oC, without overshoot for 50oC, 60oC and 70oC, respectively, for all three rate of flow of water.
Generalized eigenvalue minimization for uncertain first order plus time-delay...ISA Interchange
This paper shows how to apply generalized eigenvalue minimization to processes that can be described by a first-order plus time-delay model with uncertain gain, time constant and delay. An algorithm to transform the uncertain first-order plus time delay model into a state-space model with uncertainty polyhedron is firstly described. The accuracy of the transformation is studied using numerical examples. Then, the uncertainty polyhedron is rewritten as a linear-matrix-inequality constraint and generalized eigenvalue minimization is adopted to calculate a feedback control law. Case studies show that even if uncertainties associated with the first-order plus time delay model are significant, a stable feedback control law can be found. The proposed control is tested by comparing with a robust internal model control. It is also tested by applying it to the temperature control of air-handing units.
In this study the controller for three tank multi loop system is designed using coefficient Diagram
method. Coefficient Diagram Method is one of the polynomial methods in control design. The
controller designed by using CDM technique is based on the coefficients of the characteristics
polynomial of the closed loop system according to the convenient performance such as equivalent
time constant, stability indices and stability limit. Controller is designed for the three tank process
by using CDM Techniques; the simulation results show that the proposed control strategies have
good set point tracking and better response capability.
Robust PID Controller Design for Non-Minimum Phase Systems using Magnitude Op...IRJET Journal
This document discusses two approaches for designing a controller for non-minimum phase systems: 1) the magnitude optimum and multiple integration method, and 2) a numerical optimization approach. The magnitude optimum method uses areas calculated from the process step response to determine the PID controller parameters, eliminating the need to estimate process parameters directly. The numerical optimization approach formulates the controller design as an optimization problem to minimize sensitivity functions in the closed-loop system. Both approaches are presented as ways to design robust controllers for non-minimum phase systems.
An Approach for Engineering Tuning of PID Controller with a Highly Oscillatin...IJSRED
This document proposes an engineering approach to tune a PID controller for a highly oscillating second order process. The approach involves solving the characteristic equation of the closed loop system (process-controller) to determine the PID tuning parameters. The analysis results in expressions to calculate the time constant of integration, time constant of differentiation, and proportional gain of the PID controller. These tuning parameters completely satisfy the quality requirement of 0% overshoot for the high order system.
Design and Implementation of Discrete Augmented Ziegler-Nichols PID ControllerIDES Editor
Although designing and tuning a proportionalintegral-
derivative (PID) controller appears to be conceptually
intuitive, but it can be hard in practice, if multiple (and often
conflicting) objectives such as short transient and high
stability are to be achieved. Traditionally Ziegler Nichols is
widely accepted PID tuning method but it’s performance is
not accepted for systems where precise control is required. To
overcome this problem, the online gain updating method
Augmented Ziegler-Nichols PID (AZNPID) was proposed, with
the amelioration of Ziegler-Nichols PID’s (ZNPID’s) tuning
rule. This study is further extension of [1] for making the
scheme more generalized. With the help of fourth order
Runge-Kutta method, differential equations involved in PID
are solved which significantly improves transient performance
of AZNPID compared to ZNPID. The proposed augmented
ZNPID (AZNPID) is tested on various types of linear processes
and shows improved performance over ZNPID. The results of
the proposed scheme is validated by simulation and also
verified experimentally by implementing on Quanser’s real
time servo-based position control system SRV-02.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
New controllers efficient model based design methodAlexander Decker
This document proposes new methods for designing P, PI, PD, and PID controllers based on selecting the controller gains based on the plant's parameters. The goal is to achieve acceptable stability and medium fast response. Expressions are proposed for calculating the controller gains for first-order, second-order, and time-delay systems based on the plant's time constant, damping ratio, and natural frequency. The proposed controller design methods are tested on first, second, and first-order systems with time delay using MATLAB/Simulink. The results show the methods can achieve acceptable stability and medium fast response with minimum steady state error by selecting a single tuning parameter.
Online Adaptive Control for Non Linear Processes Under Influence of External ...Waqas Tariq
In this paper a novel temperature controller, for non linear processes, under the influence of external disturbance, has been proposed. The control process has been carried out by Neural Network based Proportional, Integral and Derivative (NNPID). In this controller, two experiments have been conducted with respect to the setpoint changes and load disturbance. The first experiment considers the change in setpoint temperature in steps of 10oC from 50oC to 70oC for three different rates of flow of water. In the second experiment the load disturbance in terms of addition of 100ml/min of water at three different time intervals is introduced in the system. It has been shown that, in these situations, the proposed controller adjusts NN weights which are equivalent to PID parameters in both the cases to achieve better control than conventional PID. In the proposed controller, an error less than 0.08oC have been achieved under the effect of the load disturbance. Moreover, it is also seen that the present controller gives error less than 0.11oC, 0.12oC and 0.12oC, without overshoot for 50oC, 60oC and 70oC, respectively, for all three rate of flow of water.
Generalized eigenvalue minimization for uncertain first order plus time-delay...ISA Interchange
This paper shows how to apply generalized eigenvalue minimization to processes that can be described by a first-order plus time-delay model with uncertain gain, time constant and delay. An algorithm to transform the uncertain first-order plus time delay model into a state-space model with uncertainty polyhedron is firstly described. The accuracy of the transformation is studied using numerical examples. Then, the uncertainty polyhedron is rewritten as a linear-matrix-inequality constraint and generalized eigenvalue minimization is adopted to calculate a feedback control law. Case studies show that even if uncertainties associated with the first-order plus time delay model are significant, a stable feedback control law can be found. The proposed control is tested by comparing with a robust internal model control. It is also tested by applying it to the temperature control of air-handing units.
In this study the controller for three tank multi loop system is designed using coefficient Diagram
method. Coefficient Diagram Method is one of the polynomial methods in control design. The
controller designed by using CDM technique is based on the coefficients of the characteristics
polynomial of the closed loop system according to the convenient performance such as equivalent
time constant, stability indices and stability limit. Controller is designed for the three tank process
by using CDM Techniques; the simulation results show that the proposed control strategies have
good set point tracking and better response capability.
This document presents a chain sampling plan for truncated life tests when product lifetime follows a log-logistic distribution. It provides the minimum sample size needed to ensure a specified acceptance probability while satisfying producer and consumer risks, for various quality levels. Tables 1 and 2 show the minimum sample sizes and operating characteristic functions for the proposed sampling plan for different confidence levels, acceptance numbers, and ratios of test time to scale parameter. For example, a sample size of 10 is required for a confidence level of 0.99, acceptance number of 2, and time-to-scale ratio of 0.942.
Coalfired power plant boiler unit decision support systemAlexander Decker
This document discusses a decision support system developed for the boiler unit of a coal-fired thermal power plant. The boiler unit consists of five subsystems arranged in series and parallel configurations. A mathematical model was developed using a Markov birth-death process and probabilistic approach to analyze the system. Differential equations were generated and solved to determine the steady state availability. Decision matrices were developed showing the availability levels for different failure and repair rate combinations of the subsystems. The results indicate the re-heater subsystem has the greatest impact on availability and should be the highest repair priority. The model helps quantitatively manage maintenance decisions.
11.coalfired power plant boiler unit decision support systemAlexander Decker
This document discusses a decision support system developed for the boiler unit of a coal-fired thermal power plant. The boiler unit consists of five subsystems arranged in series and parallel configurations. A mathematical model was developed using a Markov birth-death process and probabilistic approach to analyze the system. Differential equations were generated and solved to determine the steady state availability. Decision matrices were developed showing the availability levels for different failure and repair rate combinations of the subsystems. The results indicate the re-heater subsystem has the greatest impact on availability and should be the highest repair priority. The model helps quantitatively manage maintenance decisions.
This document presents a comparative study of monotonic and non-monotonic phase linear time-invariant (LTI) systems using an improved analytical PID controller design. It discusses using gain crossover frequency and phase margin specifications to design controllers that ensure minimum phase margin inside the desired bandwidth. For the comparative study, it uses bode stability criterion, Nyquist stability criterion, and unit step response. It presents a case study comparing the design of controllers for a buck converter system, which exhibits a non-monotonic phase response, using both monotonic and non-monotonic design techniques. The results show that treating the non-monotonic system as monotonic leads to an overvalued proportional gain and undervalued derivative gain in the PID controller.
Modified sub-gradient based combined objective technique and evolutionary pro...IJECEIAES
This document presents a modified sub-gradient based combined objective technique and evolutionary programming approach (MSGBCAEP) to solve an economic dispatch problem involving valve-point loading, prohibited zones, and ramp rate constraints. The problem is formulated as a non-convex optimization model that minimizes total fuel cost and emission levels, subject to constraints. Inequality constraints are converted to equality constraints for use in the feasible modified sub-gradient algorithm. The MSGBCAEP approach uses λ as the decision variable and cost function as the fitness function, and is tested on the IEEE 30-bus 6 generator system. Results show the proposed approach can find global optimal solutions by judiciously modifying population initialization, offspring generation, and selection compared to other algorithms
Design of predictive controller for smooth set point tracking for fast dynami...eSAT Journals
Abstract Model Predictive Control is generally used for slow dynamic system. Here efforts are made to implement MPC controller for Fast dynamic System. Speed control of DC motor is taken as fast dynamic system for which the MPC controller would be implemented. To control the speed of the DC motor Generalized Predictive Control (GPC) algorithm is used. In this paper, ARIX model based GPC control is implemented in 2-DOF structure. Transfer function of the DC motor is derived using LABVIEW and system identification tool of MATLAB. From the response of the system, it can be seen that the GPC has improved the performance of the system rather than PID control algorithm from disturbance rejection point of view. Keywords: MPC (Model Predictive Controller), GPC (Generalized Predictive Controller), ARIX Model (Auto Regressive Integrated Exogenous Model).
This document summarizes a proposed assembly-free simulation method for additive manufacturing processes.
Current additive manufacturing simulation methods either use a "quiet" approach where all elements are assembled into a global stiffness matrix from the start, or an "inactive" approach where only deposited elements are assembled. Both have disadvantages like ill-conditioning or remeshing requirements.
The proposed method uses a voxel-based discretization where the workspace is meshed once into identical hexahedral elements. Material deposition is modeled by modifying element properties without reassembling matrices. This avoids remeshing and assembly, reducing memory needs. The method was demonstrated by simulating transient non-linear thermal behavior during laser deposition.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Behavioural analysis of a complex manufacturing system having queue in the ma...Alexander Decker
1. The document analyzes the reliability characteristics of a complex manufacturing system with three subsystems (A, B, C) connected in series and incorporating a queue in the maintenance section.
2. Subsystems A and B each contain a main and redundant unit, while subsystem C contains two parallel units. All units can fail and queue for repair at the maintenance section.
3. Using supplementary variable technique and Gumble-Hougaard copula methodology, the paper obtains reliability characteristics like steady state behavior, availability, reliability and mean time to failure while accounting for the repair queue.
An intelligent hybrid control for paper machine systemeSAT Journals
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present an intelligent hybrid controller for a paper machine system with ash content and dry weight as
outputs and filler valve and thick stock valve as inputs. Simulation studies have been carried out to check the robust performance
(10% increase in each process gain, 10% increase in each time delay, and 10% decrease in each time constant) of the system. The
improvement in the performance of proposed hybrid controller is compared with the Adaptive-neuro- fuzzy controller and Dahlin
controller and evaluated in terms of ISE.
Index Terms: Dahlin, Neuro-fuzzy, Hybrid and Robust
Design of a new PID controller using predictive functional control optimizati...ISA Interchange
An improved proportional integral derivative (PID) controller based on predictive functional control (PFC) is proposed and tested on the chamber pressure in an industrial coke furnace. The proposed design is motivated by the fact that PID controllers for industrial processes with time delay may not achieve the desired control performance because of the unavoidable model/plant mismatches, while model predictive control (MPC) is suitable for such situations. In this paper, PID control and PFC algorithm are combined to form a new PID controller that has the basic characteristic of PFC algorithm and at the same time, the simple structure of traditional PID controller. The proposed controller was tested in terms of set-point tracking and disturbance rejection, where the obtained results showed that the proposed controller had the better ensemble performance compared with traditional PID controllers.
The document discusses PID tuning methods, including Ziegler-Nichols tuning rules. It provides two Ziegler-Nichols methods for determining PID parameters based on experimental step response data or critical gain/period. The first method uses delay time and time constant from a step response. The second method varies proportional gain until sustained oscillations occur, then uses critical gain and period. An example applies the second method to tune a PID controller for a plant, showing it results in excessive overshoot requiring fine tuning to reduce overshoot to 25% or less.
Second Genetic algorithm and Job-shop scheduling presentationAccenture
This document describes a genetic algorithm approach for solving job shop scheduling problems. It proposes new crossover and mutation operators designed based on the characteristics of job shop problems. The crossover operator combines operation orders from different machines in the parents. The mutation operator permutes successive operations on the same machine if they are on the critical path, to potentially reduce makespan. Experimental results using the new operators show improved convergence speed over a simple genetic algorithm.
Robust and efficient nonlinear structural analysis using the central differen...openseesdays
This document compares the central difference time integration scheme to the traditional Newmark average acceleration scheme for nonlinear structural analysis. The central difference scheme is explicit, does not require iteration, and is well-suited for parallelization. Incremental dynamic analyses using the central difference scheme converged for more ground motions and estimated a 10% higher median collapse capacity compared to the Newmark scheme. Analyses using the central difference scheme were also up to 5 times faster when run in parallel on high-performance computers. Parallel algorithms were developed to efficiently conduct multiple stripe analyses and incremental dynamic analyses using computational resources.
Optimization by heuristic procedure of scheduling constraints in manufacturin...Alexander Decker
This document discusses optimization of scheduling constraints in manufacturing systems using heuristic procedures. It proposes a simple heuristic rule for staggering replenishments of products under an equal order interval method. This provides a formula to calculate the upper limit of maximum investment in inventory. The heuristic rule is shown to perform better than traditional Lagrange multiplier techniques by providing lower costs. An example is provided to illustrate determining optimal order quantities and sequences for machines and jobs using heuristic scheduling with layout constraints. The heuristic approach is concluded to provide better results than traditional methods while being easier to implement in real manufacturing situations.
11.optimization by heuristic procedure of scheduling constraints in manufactu...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes an article that proposes using a heuristic procedure to optimize scheduling constraints in a manufacturing system with multiple products. The heuristic procedure arranges machines in an optimal sequence to minimize manufacturing lead time and maximize profit.
The document first discusses traditional optimization approaches using economic order quantities and Lagrange multipliers that are difficult to implement in practice. It then presents a simple heuristic rule for staggering product replenishments under an equal order interval method.
Finally, the document provides an example application of the heuristic procedure to determine optimal job sequences, machine sequences, waiting times, and layout costs for different manufacturing layouts like linear, loop and ladder layouts. Computational results demonstrate that the heuristic approach performs better than traditional optimization methods
Hilbert Based Testing of ADC Differential Non-linearity Using Wavelet Transfo...IJECEIAES
In testing Mixed Signal Devices such as Analog to Digital and Digital to Analog Converters, some dynamic parameters, such as Differential NonLinearity and Integral Non-linearity, are very critical to evaluating devises performance. However, such analysis has been notorious for complexity and massive compiling process. Therefore, this research will focus on testing dynamic parameters such as Differential Non-Linearity by simulating numerous numbers of bits Analog to Digital Converters and test the output signals base on new testing algorithms of Wavelet transform based on Hilbert process. Such a new testing algorithm should enhance the testing process by using less compiling data samples and prompt testing results. In addition, new testing results will be compared with the conventional testing process of Histogram algorithms for accuracy and enactment.
The document is a presentation on constructive approaches for designing networked control systems. It discusses interior conic systems and their properties like being inside sectors defined by parameters a and b. It presents frameworks for multirate networked control of robotic systems using wave variables and passive holds/samplers to accommodate time-varying communication delays and capacities. Applications to networked control of robotic arms and telemanipulation are also mentioned.
Design of Adaptive Sliding Mode Control with Fuzzy Controller and PID Tuning ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a control system that combines fuzzy sliding mode control and PID tuning to control uncertain systems. A fuzzy logic controller is proposed using two inputs (error and derivative of error) and simple membership functions and rules. An adaptive sliding mode controller with PID tuning is also designed. The PID gains are systematically and continuously updated according to adaptive laws. This combined fuzzy sliding mode controller with PID tuning is applied to control a brushless DC motor. Simulation results show the system achieves good trajectory tracking performance while eliminating chattering through the use of a boundary layer.
This document proposes a new one-step method for tuning PI/PID controllers based on closed-loop experiments. It derives simple correlations between data from a proportional-only closed-loop step response experiment and PI/PID settings that provide good performance and robustness. Specifically:
1) A proportional-only controller is used to generate a step response with 10-60% overshoot. The gain, overshoot, peak time, and steady-state change are recorded.
2) Simulations show the proposed controller gain is proportional to the proportional gain used in the experiment, with the ratio dependent only on overshoot. Simple equations are derived relating overshoot and peak time to the PI/PID settings.
3
Design of multiloop controller for multivariable system using coefficient 2IAEME Publication
The document describes the design of a multivariable controller for a coupled tank system using the Coefficient Diagram Method (CDM). CDM is a polynomial method for control design that is based on choosing coefficients for the closed-loop system's characteristic polynomial according to desired performance specifications like equivalent time constant, stability indices, and stability limit. The controller is designed by using CDM to determine the coefficients of the controller polynomials. The coupled tank process is modeled using mass balance equations and its parameters are provided. Controller design using CDM is demonstrated for multivariable processes like the coupled tank system to provide stable and robust performance while meeting time domain specifications.
This document presents a chain sampling plan for truncated life tests when product lifetime follows a log-logistic distribution. It provides the minimum sample size needed to ensure a specified acceptance probability while satisfying producer and consumer risks, for various quality levels. Tables 1 and 2 show the minimum sample sizes and operating characteristic functions for the proposed sampling plan for different confidence levels, acceptance numbers, and ratios of test time to scale parameter. For example, a sample size of 10 is required for a confidence level of 0.99, acceptance number of 2, and time-to-scale ratio of 0.942.
Coalfired power plant boiler unit decision support systemAlexander Decker
This document discusses a decision support system developed for the boiler unit of a coal-fired thermal power plant. The boiler unit consists of five subsystems arranged in series and parallel configurations. A mathematical model was developed using a Markov birth-death process and probabilistic approach to analyze the system. Differential equations were generated and solved to determine the steady state availability. Decision matrices were developed showing the availability levels for different failure and repair rate combinations of the subsystems. The results indicate the re-heater subsystem has the greatest impact on availability and should be the highest repair priority. The model helps quantitatively manage maintenance decisions.
11.coalfired power plant boiler unit decision support systemAlexander Decker
This document discusses a decision support system developed for the boiler unit of a coal-fired thermal power plant. The boiler unit consists of five subsystems arranged in series and parallel configurations. A mathematical model was developed using a Markov birth-death process and probabilistic approach to analyze the system. Differential equations were generated and solved to determine the steady state availability. Decision matrices were developed showing the availability levels for different failure and repair rate combinations of the subsystems. The results indicate the re-heater subsystem has the greatest impact on availability and should be the highest repair priority. The model helps quantitatively manage maintenance decisions.
This document presents a comparative study of monotonic and non-monotonic phase linear time-invariant (LTI) systems using an improved analytical PID controller design. It discusses using gain crossover frequency and phase margin specifications to design controllers that ensure minimum phase margin inside the desired bandwidth. For the comparative study, it uses bode stability criterion, Nyquist stability criterion, and unit step response. It presents a case study comparing the design of controllers for a buck converter system, which exhibits a non-monotonic phase response, using both monotonic and non-monotonic design techniques. The results show that treating the non-monotonic system as monotonic leads to an overvalued proportional gain and undervalued derivative gain in the PID controller.
Modified sub-gradient based combined objective technique and evolutionary pro...IJECEIAES
This document presents a modified sub-gradient based combined objective technique and evolutionary programming approach (MSGBCAEP) to solve an economic dispatch problem involving valve-point loading, prohibited zones, and ramp rate constraints. The problem is formulated as a non-convex optimization model that minimizes total fuel cost and emission levels, subject to constraints. Inequality constraints are converted to equality constraints for use in the feasible modified sub-gradient algorithm. The MSGBCAEP approach uses λ as the decision variable and cost function as the fitness function, and is tested on the IEEE 30-bus 6 generator system. Results show the proposed approach can find global optimal solutions by judiciously modifying population initialization, offspring generation, and selection compared to other algorithms
Design of predictive controller for smooth set point tracking for fast dynami...eSAT Journals
Abstract Model Predictive Control is generally used for slow dynamic system. Here efforts are made to implement MPC controller for Fast dynamic System. Speed control of DC motor is taken as fast dynamic system for which the MPC controller would be implemented. To control the speed of the DC motor Generalized Predictive Control (GPC) algorithm is used. In this paper, ARIX model based GPC control is implemented in 2-DOF structure. Transfer function of the DC motor is derived using LABVIEW and system identification tool of MATLAB. From the response of the system, it can be seen that the GPC has improved the performance of the system rather than PID control algorithm from disturbance rejection point of view. Keywords: MPC (Model Predictive Controller), GPC (Generalized Predictive Controller), ARIX Model (Auto Regressive Integrated Exogenous Model).
This document summarizes a proposed assembly-free simulation method for additive manufacturing processes.
Current additive manufacturing simulation methods either use a "quiet" approach where all elements are assembled into a global stiffness matrix from the start, or an "inactive" approach where only deposited elements are assembled. Both have disadvantages like ill-conditioning or remeshing requirements.
The proposed method uses a voxel-based discretization where the workspace is meshed once into identical hexahedral elements. Material deposition is modeled by modifying element properties without reassembling matrices. This avoids remeshing and assembly, reducing memory needs. The method was demonstrated by simulating transient non-linear thermal behavior during laser deposition.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Behavioural analysis of a complex manufacturing system having queue in the ma...Alexander Decker
1. The document analyzes the reliability characteristics of a complex manufacturing system with three subsystems (A, B, C) connected in series and incorporating a queue in the maintenance section.
2. Subsystems A and B each contain a main and redundant unit, while subsystem C contains two parallel units. All units can fail and queue for repair at the maintenance section.
3. Using supplementary variable technique and Gumble-Hougaard copula methodology, the paper obtains reliability characteristics like steady state behavior, availability, reliability and mean time to failure while accounting for the repair queue.
An intelligent hybrid control for paper machine systemeSAT Journals
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present an intelligent hybrid controller for a paper machine system with ash content and dry weight as
outputs and filler valve and thick stock valve as inputs. Simulation studies have been carried out to check the robust performance
(10% increase in each process gain, 10% increase in each time delay, and 10% decrease in each time constant) of the system. The
improvement in the performance of proposed hybrid controller is compared with the Adaptive-neuro- fuzzy controller and Dahlin
controller and evaluated in terms of ISE.
Index Terms: Dahlin, Neuro-fuzzy, Hybrid and Robust
Design of a new PID controller using predictive functional control optimizati...ISA Interchange
An improved proportional integral derivative (PID) controller based on predictive functional control (PFC) is proposed and tested on the chamber pressure in an industrial coke furnace. The proposed design is motivated by the fact that PID controllers for industrial processes with time delay may not achieve the desired control performance because of the unavoidable model/plant mismatches, while model predictive control (MPC) is suitable for such situations. In this paper, PID control and PFC algorithm are combined to form a new PID controller that has the basic characteristic of PFC algorithm and at the same time, the simple structure of traditional PID controller. The proposed controller was tested in terms of set-point tracking and disturbance rejection, where the obtained results showed that the proposed controller had the better ensemble performance compared with traditional PID controllers.
The document discusses PID tuning methods, including Ziegler-Nichols tuning rules. It provides two Ziegler-Nichols methods for determining PID parameters based on experimental step response data or critical gain/period. The first method uses delay time and time constant from a step response. The second method varies proportional gain until sustained oscillations occur, then uses critical gain and period. An example applies the second method to tune a PID controller for a plant, showing it results in excessive overshoot requiring fine tuning to reduce overshoot to 25% or less.
Second Genetic algorithm and Job-shop scheduling presentationAccenture
This document describes a genetic algorithm approach for solving job shop scheduling problems. It proposes new crossover and mutation operators designed based on the characteristics of job shop problems. The crossover operator combines operation orders from different machines in the parents. The mutation operator permutes successive operations on the same machine if they are on the critical path, to potentially reduce makespan. Experimental results using the new operators show improved convergence speed over a simple genetic algorithm.
Robust and efficient nonlinear structural analysis using the central differen...openseesdays
This document compares the central difference time integration scheme to the traditional Newmark average acceleration scheme for nonlinear structural analysis. The central difference scheme is explicit, does not require iteration, and is well-suited for parallelization. Incremental dynamic analyses using the central difference scheme converged for more ground motions and estimated a 10% higher median collapse capacity compared to the Newmark scheme. Analyses using the central difference scheme were also up to 5 times faster when run in parallel on high-performance computers. Parallel algorithms were developed to efficiently conduct multiple stripe analyses and incremental dynamic analyses using computational resources.
Optimization by heuristic procedure of scheduling constraints in manufacturin...Alexander Decker
This document discusses optimization of scheduling constraints in manufacturing systems using heuristic procedures. It proposes a simple heuristic rule for staggering replenishments of products under an equal order interval method. This provides a formula to calculate the upper limit of maximum investment in inventory. The heuristic rule is shown to perform better than traditional Lagrange multiplier techniques by providing lower costs. An example is provided to illustrate determining optimal order quantities and sequences for machines and jobs using heuristic scheduling with layout constraints. The heuristic approach is concluded to provide better results than traditional methods while being easier to implement in real manufacturing situations.
11.optimization by heuristic procedure of scheduling constraints in manufactu...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes an article that proposes using a heuristic procedure to optimize scheduling constraints in a manufacturing system with multiple products. The heuristic procedure arranges machines in an optimal sequence to minimize manufacturing lead time and maximize profit.
The document first discusses traditional optimization approaches using economic order quantities and Lagrange multipliers that are difficult to implement in practice. It then presents a simple heuristic rule for staggering product replenishments under an equal order interval method.
Finally, the document provides an example application of the heuristic procedure to determine optimal job sequences, machine sequences, waiting times, and layout costs for different manufacturing layouts like linear, loop and ladder layouts. Computational results demonstrate that the heuristic approach performs better than traditional optimization methods
Hilbert Based Testing of ADC Differential Non-linearity Using Wavelet Transfo...IJECEIAES
In testing Mixed Signal Devices such as Analog to Digital and Digital to Analog Converters, some dynamic parameters, such as Differential NonLinearity and Integral Non-linearity, are very critical to evaluating devises performance. However, such analysis has been notorious for complexity and massive compiling process. Therefore, this research will focus on testing dynamic parameters such as Differential Non-Linearity by simulating numerous numbers of bits Analog to Digital Converters and test the output signals base on new testing algorithms of Wavelet transform based on Hilbert process. Such a new testing algorithm should enhance the testing process by using less compiling data samples and prompt testing results. In addition, new testing results will be compared with the conventional testing process of Histogram algorithms for accuracy and enactment.
The document is a presentation on constructive approaches for designing networked control systems. It discusses interior conic systems and their properties like being inside sectors defined by parameters a and b. It presents frameworks for multirate networked control of robotic systems using wave variables and passive holds/samplers to accommodate time-varying communication delays and capacities. Applications to networked control of robotic arms and telemanipulation are also mentioned.
Design of Adaptive Sliding Mode Control with Fuzzy Controller and PID Tuning ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a control system that combines fuzzy sliding mode control and PID tuning to control uncertain systems. A fuzzy logic controller is proposed using two inputs (error and derivative of error) and simple membership functions and rules. An adaptive sliding mode controller with PID tuning is also designed. The PID gains are systematically and continuously updated according to adaptive laws. This combined fuzzy sliding mode controller with PID tuning is applied to control a brushless DC motor. Simulation results show the system achieves good trajectory tracking performance while eliminating chattering through the use of a boundary layer.
This document proposes a new one-step method for tuning PI/PID controllers based on closed-loop experiments. It derives simple correlations between data from a proportional-only closed-loop step response experiment and PI/PID settings that provide good performance and robustness. Specifically:
1) A proportional-only controller is used to generate a step response with 10-60% overshoot. The gain, overshoot, peak time, and steady-state change are recorded.
2) Simulations show the proposed controller gain is proportional to the proportional gain used in the experiment, with the ratio dependent only on overshoot. Simple equations are derived relating overshoot and peak time to the PI/PID settings.
3
Design of multiloop controller for multivariable system using coefficient 2IAEME Publication
The document describes the design of a multivariable controller for a coupled tank system using the Coefficient Diagram Method (CDM). CDM is a polynomial method for control design that is based on choosing coefficients for the closed-loop system's characteristic polynomial according to desired performance specifications like equivalent time constant, stability indices, and stability limit. The controller is designed by using CDM to determine the coefficients of the controller polynomials. The coupled tank process is modeled using mass balance equations and its parameters are provided. Controller design using CDM is demonstrated for multivariable processes like the coupled tank system to provide stable and robust performance while meeting time domain specifications.
PSO based NNIMC for a Conical Tank Level ProcessIRJET Journal
1) The document presents a study on modeling and control of a conical tank level process, which is a non-linear, time-varying system.
2) A mathematical model is developed for the conical tank and the process is divided into three linear regions. A conventional PI controller is designed for each region using Ziegler-Nichols tuning.
3) To overcome the limitations of the PI controller for the non-linear system, a PSO-based neural network internal model controller (NNIMC) is designed. Simulation results show that the PSO-based NNIMC provides better performance than the NNIMC and PI controller in terms of errors and settling time.
Control Strategy of Triple Effect Evaporators based on Solar Desalination of...IRJET Journal
This document discusses control strategies for triple effect evaporators used in solar desalination of Red Sea water. It presents the transfer functions identified for the evaporator system and analyzes stability using Routh-Hurwitz, root locus, and Bode methods. PID controllers were designed and tuned for each evaporator loop using Ziegler-Nichols methods. Simulation results showed PID control provided the best performance with minimum overshoot and shortest setting times for all loops.
Design of Multiloop Controller for Three Tank Process Using CDM Techniques ijsc
In this study the controller for three tank multi loop system is designed using coefficient Diagram method. Coefficient Diagram Method is one of the polynomial methods in control design. The controller designed by using CDM technique is based on the coefficients of the characteristics polynomial of the closed loop system according to the convenient performance such as equivalent time constant, stability indices and stability limit. Controller is designed for the three tank process by using CDM Techniques; the simulation results show that the proposed control strategies have good set point tracking and better response capability.
Design and Implementation of Sliding Mode Controller using Coefficient Diagra...IOSR Journals
This document describes the design and implementation of a sliding mode controller using the coefficient diagram method for a nonlinear spherical tank process. It begins with background on sliding mode control and introduces a second order sliding mode control algorithm. It then describes using the coefficient diagram method to design a two degree of freedom adaptive sliding mode controller that satisfies time and frequency domain specifications. Simulation and real-time results are presented comparing the sliding mode controller to a PI controller, showing the sliding mode controller has better performance in terms of settling time, overshoot, and error criteria. In conclusion, the coefficient diagram method is shown to be an effective way to optimize sliding mode controller parameters for the nonlinear spherical tank process.
IRJET- Analysis of 3-Phase Induction Motor with High Step-Up PWM DC-DC Conver...IRJET Journal
This document discusses control methods for STATCOMs using fuzzy logic controllers and genetic algorithm-tuned PID controllers. STATCOMs are shunt FACTS devices that help solve power quality issues through fast reactive power control. Conventionally, PID controllers are used but require trial and error to tune parameters. The document proposes using fuzzy logic controllers and genetic algorithms to optimize PID parameters to improve STATCOM current control response. It describes STATCOM modeling, fuzzy logic controller design including fuzzification, inference, and defuzzification. Genetic algorithms are used to find optimal PID parameters. Simulation results in MATLAB show the proposed methods improve current control response over conventional PID control.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Fuzzy and GA-PID Controllers for Optimized Perf...IRJET Journal
This document describes research into using different controller types, including fuzzy logic controllers and genetic algorithm optimized PID controllers, to control a STATCOM device for improved reactive power compensation performance. A STATCOM is a shunt Flexible AC Transmission System device that can help solve power quality issues. Conventionally, PID controllers are used but require trial and error to tune parameters. The document models a STATCOM system and explores using fuzzy logic control or genetic algorithms to automatically determine optimal PID parameters to achieve faster response compared to conventional PID control. Simulation results in MATLAB show that both fuzzy logic control and genetic algorithm optimized PID control improve the STATCOM current control response compared to manually tuned PID controllers.
New Method for Tuning PID Controllers Using a Symmetric Send-On-Delta Samplin...ISA Interchange
In this paper we present a new method for tuning PI controllers with symmetric send-on-delta (SSOD) sampling strategy. First we analyze the conditions that produce oscillations in event based systems considering SSOD sampling strategy. The Describing Function is the tool used to address the problem. Once the conditions for oscillations are established, a new robustness to oscillation performance measure is introduced which entails with the concept of phase margin, one of the most traditional measures of relative stability in closed-loop control systems. Therefore, the application of the proposed robustness measure is easy and intuitive. The method is tested by both simulations and experiments. Additionally, a Java application has been developed to aid in the design according to the results presented in the paper.
A STUDY ON PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT OPEN LOOP PID TUNNING TECHNIQUE FOR A LIQ...IJITCA Journal
Process control is the application and study of automatic control to maintain a process at the desired operating condition ,safety, and efficiently while satisfying the environmental and product quality. Like the Level, Temparature & Pressure, Liquid flow Measurement is one of the major controlling parameter in
process plant. This paper mainly concern about the single tank liquid flow process and designing the controller with different PID tunning methods. Many process plants controlled by the PID controller with similar dynamics to find out the possible set of satisfactory controller parameters from the less plant
information but from the mathematical model. With minimum effort adjust the controller parameters by using three open loop PID controller IMC,CHR & AMIGO and compare their output response in real time flow tank system
A Study on Performance of Different Open Loop PID Tunning Technique for a Liq...IJITCA Journal
Process control is the application and study of automatic control to maintain a process at the desired
operating condition ,safety,and efficiently while satisfying the environmental and product quality.Like the
Level,Temparature & Pressure, Liquid flow Measurement is one of the major controlling parameter in
process plant. This paper mainly concern about the single tank liquid flow process and designing the
controller with different PID tunning methods.Many process plants controlled by the PID controller with
similar dynamics to find out the possible set of satisfactory controller parameters from the less plant
information but from the mathematical model.With minimum effort adjust the controller parameters by
using three open loop PID controller IMC,CHR & AMIGO and compare their output response in real time
flow tank system.
A STUDY ON PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT OPEN LOOP PID TUNNING TECHNIQUE FOR A LI...IJITCA Journal
Process control is the application and study of automatic control to maintain a process at the desired operating condition ,safety,and efficiently while satisfying the environmental and product quality. Like the Level,Temparature & Pressure, Liquid flow Measurement is one of the major controlling parameter in process plant. This paper mainly concern about the single tank liquid flow process and designing the controller with different PID tunning methods.Many process plants controlled by the PID controller with similar dynamics to find out the possible set of satisfactory controller parameters from the less plant information but from the mathematical model.With minimum effort adjust the controller parameters by using three open loop PID controller IMC,CHR & AMIGOand compare their output response in real time flow tank system.
The document describes the design of a fractional order PIλDλ controller for liquid level control of a spherical tank modeled as a fractional order system. A fractional order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controller is designed and its performance is compared to a traditional integer order PID controller designed for the same spherical tank modeled as a first order plus dead time system. Simulation results show that the fractional order controller designed using frequency domain specifications achieves improved performance over the integer order controller. The fractional order controller provides extra tuning parameters that allow it to better match the dynamics of the fractional order plant model.
Pso based fractional order automatic generation controller for two area power...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using fractional order PID controllers based on particle swarm optimization for load frequency control of a two-area interconnected power system. The paper develops fractional order PIλDμ controllers optimized by PSO. Simulation results show the fractional order controllers designed by PSO have better performance than traditional PID controllers optimized by PSO and ANFIS-based intelligent controllers, reducing settling time and overshoot in response to small load disturbances. The paper contributes a fractional calculus approach for automatic generation control to improve power system stability and response.
This document outlines the curriculum for an industrial control systems course. Over 30 weeks, students will learn about open and closed-loop control systems, transfer functions, PID control, stability analysis, and applying control theory to thermal systems. Key topics include understanding the basic concepts of control systems, distinguishing between open and closed-loop feedback control, analyzing systems using transfer functions, tuning PID controllers for different applications, and ensuring control system stability. Students will apply these concepts to analyze an example thermal control system using various control strategies.
Non integer order controller based robust performance analysis of a conical t...Editor Jacotech
The design of robust controller for any non linear process is a
challenging task because of the presence of various types of
uncertainties. In this paper, various design methods of robust
PID controller for the level control of conical tank are
discussed. Uncertainties are of different types, among that
structured uncertainty of 30% is introduced to the nominal
plant for analysing the robustness. As a first step, the control
of level is done by using conventional integer order controller
for both nominal and uncertain system. Then, the control is
done by means of Fractional Order Proportional Integral
Derivative (FOPID) controller for achieving robustness. With
the help of time series parameters, a comparison is made
between conventional PID and FOPID with respect to the
simulated output using MATLAB and also analyzed the
robustness.
Controller Tuning for Integrator Plus Delay Processes.theijes
A design method for PID controllers based on internal model control (IMC) principles, direct synthesis method (DS), stability analysis (SA) method for pure integrating process with time delay is proposed. Analytical expressions for PID controllers are derived for several common types of process models, including first order and second-order plus time delay models and an integrator plus time delay model. Here in this paper, a simple controller design rule and tuning procedure for unstable processes with delay time is discussed. Simulation examples are included to show the effectiveness of the proposed method
Design and Control of a Hydraulic Servo System and Simulation AnalysisIJMREMJournal
This paper describes the system analysis, modeling and simulation of a Hydraulic Servo System (HSS) for
hydraulic mini press machine. Comparisons among linear output feed back PID control, Fuzzy control and
Hybrid of PID and Fuzzy control are presented. Application of hybrid controller to a nonlinear is investigated
by both position and velocity of the hydraulic servo system. The experiment is based on an 8 bit PIC
16F877 microcontroller, and the simulation is based on MATLAB Simulink. Simulation and hardware
experimental results show that the hybrid controller gave the best performance as it has the smallest overshoot,
oscillation, and setting time.
PPT ON BODE INTEGRAL METHOD FOR HEADBOXSheikh Ishfaq
This document discusses using Bode's integral method and modified ZN method to analyze the stability and design controllers for a MIMO paper machine headbox system. It presents the methodology, applying Bode's integral to determine controller parameters like gain and time constants. Results show step responses for varying phase margins and comparing responses from Bode's integral and modified ZN. The analysis found responses were better for certain phase margins when using Bode's integral method. In conclusion, Bode's integral provided an efficient PID controller for adequately controlling the paper machine headbox process, with better performance compared to the modified ZN method.
Similar to Computation of Simple Robust PI/PID Controller Design for Time-Delay Systems using Numerical Optimization Approach (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.