The document discusses the key components of a road, including the carriage way, which is the paved portion for traffic; shoulders alongside the road edge to accommodate stopped vehicles; camber or transverse slope to drain water; curbs at the edge of pavement; and gradient or longitudinal slope. Gradient is provided to connect points at different levels, drain water effectively when curbs are used, and construct side drains economically.

1. Components of road
CARRAIGE WAY
SHOULDER
CAMBER
CURBS
GRADIENT

2. • Carriage way:
The paved portion of the highway or the road
over which the traffic is meant to move is called
the pavement or the carriageway.
The pavement width is dependent on the width
of the traffic lanes and the number of lanes
planned for construction.

3. • Shoulders:
These are provided along the road edge .
This area serves the purpose of accommodating
vehicles that are compelled to be taken out of the
pavement or the roadway.
These also act as a service lane for the vehicles
that have broken down.

4. • Camber:
camber is the slope that is provided in the
transverse direction of the pavement or
carriageway.
The cross slope helps to drain off the rainwater
from the road surface. Inadequate cross slope
results in the flooding of water over the
pavement, which results in deterioration of the
highway.

5. • Curb:
The boundary between the pavement and the
shoulder is called as curbs. Curbs are desirable to
be constructed for urban roads.

6. • Gradient:
It is defined as the rate of rising or falls along the
length of the road with respect to the horizontal
is known as Gradient of Road.
In another word, it is the longitudinal slope
provided to the formation level of the road along
its alignment.

7. • Purpose of Providing Gradient to the Roads
 To connect the two stations or points with each
other, which are located at different levels.
 To provide effective drainage of
rainwater, especially when the pavement is
provided with the curbs.
 To construct the side drains economically.

8. Cross section of typical road