This document discusses the group index method for flexible pavement design. It begins by defining group index as a number from 0-20 assigned to soil based on physical properties like particle size, liquid limit, and plastic limit. Lower values indicate better soil quality. Group index is determined mathematically using a provided equation or graphically. Required data for design includes group index, traffic volume, and flexible pavement structure. Total thickness is selected from a chart based on group index and traffic volume. Thickness of sub-base is also from a chart based only on group index. Remaining thickness is allocated to base and surface courses. An example problem demonstrates calculating group index and designing pavement layers.
ppt on construction and design of flexible pavementSUSMITAMAITY4
types of pavement.\,failure of flexible pavement,cross section of flexible pavement,advantages and disadvantages of flexible pavement,load distribution etc
Design of rigid pavements. IRC method of design of rigid pavement. Transportation Engineering. Civil Engineering. Wheel loads on rigid pavement. Action of various stresses on rigid pavement. Highway engineering. How rigid pavements different from flexible pavements
ppt on construction and design of flexible pavementSUSMITAMAITY4
types of pavement.\,failure of flexible pavement,cross section of flexible pavement,advantages and disadvantages of flexible pavement,load distribution etc
Design of rigid pavements. IRC method of design of rigid pavement. Transportation Engineering. Civil Engineering. Wheel loads on rigid pavement. Action of various stresses on rigid pavement. Highway engineering. How rigid pavements different from flexible pavements
BOUSSINESQ THEORY
VERTICAL STRESS DUE TO POINT LOAD
TABLE FOR VALUES OF BOUSSINESQ’S COEFFICIENT (퐼_퐵)
SOME POINTS FOR USING THE BOUSSINESQ’S EQUATION.
LIMITATIONS OF BOUSSINESQ’S SOLUTION.
Inadequate Stability or Strength
Loss of binding action
Loss of base course materials
Inadequate wearing course
Use of inferior materials and crushing of base course materials
Lack of lateral confinement for the granular base course.
Types of Pavements, Layers present in the pavements, Stresses on the rigid pavements, wheel load, repetitions etc.. and Indian Standard Method of design of Rigid Pavements.
TERZAGHI’S BEARING CAPACITY THEORY
DERIVATION OF EQUATION TERZAGHI’S BEARING CAPACITY THEORY
TERZAGHI’S BEARING CAPACITY FACTORS
Download vedio link
https://youtu.be/imy61hU0_yo
BOUSSINESQ THEORY
VERTICAL STRESS DUE TO POINT LOAD
TABLE FOR VALUES OF BOUSSINESQ’S COEFFICIENT (퐼_퐵)
SOME POINTS FOR USING THE BOUSSINESQ’S EQUATION.
LIMITATIONS OF BOUSSINESQ’S SOLUTION.
Inadequate Stability or Strength
Loss of binding action
Loss of base course materials
Inadequate wearing course
Use of inferior materials and crushing of base course materials
Lack of lateral confinement for the granular base course.
Types of Pavements, Layers present in the pavements, Stresses on the rigid pavements, wheel load, repetitions etc.. and Indian Standard Method of design of Rigid Pavements.
TERZAGHI’S BEARING CAPACITY THEORY
DERIVATION OF EQUATION TERZAGHI’S BEARING CAPACITY THEORY
TERZAGHI’S BEARING CAPACITY FACTORS
Download vedio link
https://youtu.be/imy61hU0_yo
The project involved designing of two different types of Rigid pavements using the
AASHTOWare Pavement ME software.
1) JPCP (Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement) : It was designed as a three layered structure,
the layer distribution being as follows:
Layer 1 – PCC – 16 inch
Layer 2 – NonStabilized (Crushed gravel) – 8 inch
Layer 3 – Subgrade (A-1a) – Semi Infinite
Jointed plain concrete pavement uses contraction joints to control cracking and uses
reinforcing steel in form of dowel bars.
Transverse joint spacing is selected such that temperature and moisture stresses do not
produce intermediate cracking between joints.
This typically results in a spacing no longer than about 6.1 m (20 ft.).
2) CRCP (CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS) : It was
designed as a 4 layered structure, the layer distribution being as follows:
Layer 1 – PCC – 11.3 inch
Layer 2 – Stabilized – 4 inch
Layer 3 – NonStabilized – 8 inch
Layer 4 – Subgrade – Semi infinite
CRCP is concrete pavement reinforced with continuous steel bars throughout its length.
Its design eliminates the need for transverse joints (other than at bridges and other
structures) and keeps cracks tight, resulting in a continuous, smooth-riding surface.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
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When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
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Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
2. Submitted to : Sir Atif
Submitted By: Usama Aslam
(15-CLE-47)
NFC-IEFR-FSD
Pavement and Foundation
Engineering
3. What is Group index
method?
Group Index method of flexible pavement design is an
empirical method which is based on the physical
properties of the soil sub-grade.
4. Determination of Group Index
Value of Soil Subgrade
Group Index is a number assigned to
the soil based on its physical properties
like particle size, Liquid limit and
plastic limit. It varies from a value of 0
to 20, lower the value higher is the
quality of the sub-grade and greater
the value, poor is the sub-grade.
It can be found by 2 types:
(i) Mathematically (ii) Graphically
5. By sieve analysis test we can determine
Group index value of soil subgrade from
below equation mathematically
GI = 0.2a + 0.005 ac + 0.01bd
Where,
a= that portion of %age of soil particles passing U.S
sieve #200, greater than 35 and not exceeding 75 (0-
40)
b= = that portion of %age of soil particles passing U.S
sieve #200, greater than 15 and not exceeding 55 (0-
40)
c= that portion of LL greater than 40 and not exceeding
60 (0-20)
d= that portion of the plasticity index greater than 10
and not exceeding 30 (0-20)
6. Data Required for Flexible
Pavement Design
1. Group index of soil subgrade
Group index value range of different soils is given below
For good soil – 0 to 1
For fair soil – 2 to 4
For poor soil – 5 to 9
For very poor soil – 10 to 20
2. Traffic volume
It is the measure of Annual average daily traffic, peak-hour
traffic. It is denominated by commercial vehicles/day or
CVPD.
It is classified in three categories. Based on number of
vehicles per day.
If no. of vehicles per days is
<50 – light traffic
50-300 – medium traffic
>300 – Heavy traffic
8. Calculation total thickness (T):
From the below chart for given group index of soil
subgrade and traffic volume value select appropriate
thick curve value of “combined thickness of surface,
base and sub-base line” which will give the total
thickness of pavement.
(Note: thick line indicates the total thickness value and
the dotted line indicates thickness of surface and base)
9. Calculation thickness of sub-base
course (tsb):
From the below chart for given group index of soil
subgrade select appropriate curve value of “thickness of
sub base only” which will give the thickness of the sub-
base course.
The curve highlighted in below diagram
10. Calculation of thickness of base
and surface course (tb & ts):
Thickness of surface and base course = total thickness –
sub-base thickness
= T – tsb
The combined value of thickness of base and surface course
can be found out from above chart form dotted curve with
the help of group index value and traffic volume.
Or otherwise assume the thickness of surface course (ts) =
5 cm
Then we can easily calculate the value of thickness of the
base course,
Tb = T-tsb-ts
11. Cross section of flexible
pavement:
The group index method is essentially an empirical
method based on the physical properties of the subgrade
soil and it does not consider the strength characteristics
of soil and is therefore open to question regarding its
reliability.
12. Numerical Problem:
The laboratory data for a soil is given below. Using these
values first find the Group Index Value and than by using
the value of Group Index Design the Flexible Pavement.
Using the Traffic Volume of 200
13. Let first find out the GI of the Soil.
Formula for Group Index :
GI=0.2a+0.005ac+0.01bd
a = 70-35 = 35 (range 0 to 40 )
a = 35
b = 70 – 15 = 55 > 40 use b = 40
c = 49 – 40 = 9 in the range of (0 to 20)
d = 49-24 = 15 in the range of ( 0 to 20)
GI = (0.2)(35) + (0.005)(35)(9) + (0.01)(40)(15)
GI = 14.5use 15
GI = 15 (Very poor Soil)
14. As the Traffic Volume is 150 and the category of the traffic is
Medium traffic.
We have the value of GI and also traffic category so by using graph
we can find out the thickness of each layer and also the total
thickness of flexible pavement.
By using the graph.
Thickness of Sub-Base = Tsb = 280 mm
Additional thickness of sub-base = 140 mm
Total Thickness of Sub-Base = Tsb = 280 + 140 =
420 mm
Total thickness of Pavement = T = 500 mm
15. Assume the thickness of Surface Course = Tsur = 50
mm
So by using these value we can find out the value of
Base Course.
TB = T - Tsb - Tsur
TB = 500 – 420 – 50 = 30 mm