Components of railway track
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Railway Track Components. A Railway Track has many Components in it. they are as follows, Rails; Sleepers; Ballast; Formations or subgrades; A good quality and strong aggregate materials, steel I section to use in the construction of railway tracks. 1. Rails. Rails are the first main element in the Railway Track Components. It is of an I section make with steel. Two rails fix opposite to each other. components of a railroad track rail track components railroad components parts of a railroad track parts of a rail parts of a railroad crossing rail components railroad switch part components components of a railroad track rail track components railroad track switch components railway track and structure
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• The gauge should be correct and uniform.
• The rails should be in proper level. In a straight track, two rails must be at the same
level. On curves, the outer rail should have proper super elevation and there should be
proper transition at the junction of a straight and a curve.
• The alignment should be correct i.e., it should be free from irregularities.
• The gradient should be uniform and as gentle as possible. Any change of gradient
should be followed by a smooth vertical curve, to give smooth riding quality.
• The track should be resilient and elastic in order to adsorb shocks and vibrations of
running tracks.
• The radii and super elevation on curves should be properly designed and maintained
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This document discusses railway sleepers, which support rails and transfer load to the ballast below. It describes the purposes and requirements of sleepers, and the different types including wooden, steel, cast iron, and concrete. Wooden sleepers were traditionally most common due to low cost, but have short lifespans. Steel and cast iron sleepers last longer but require more fittings and maintenance. Concrete sleepers provide high strength and stability, resist damage, and have the longest lifespan, though they are more expensive to manufacture and install. Sleeper density, or number of sleepers per length of track, can range from n+4 to n+6, where n is the rail length in meters.
3. RAIL TRANSPORTATION (TRE) GTU 3150611
Role of Indian Railways in National Development, Basic requirement of railway alignment and functions of Permanent Way, Types of components and functions: Gauge, Rail, Fittings, Ballast, Embankments, Subgrade. Purpose: Coning of wheel, Super-elevation, points and crossing, signalling and interlocking, yard, junction and terminal.
P.way
This document discusses the components and functions of permanent way and track for railways. It includes:
1. The layers of the track structure including rails, sleepers, ballast, and sub-ballast which form the track bed and distribute load to reduce stress on the subgrade.
2. Details of rails, sleepers, ballast, and gauge and their purposes in guiding trains, bearing loads, maintaining alignment, and allowing for drainage.
3. Rail fastenings like fish plates and bolts which hold rails to sleepers to distribute load over a large area and firmly attach rails.
Transportation engineering railway permanent way
The permanent way of a railway refers to the track infrastructure, including rails, ties, fasteners, ballast or slab track, and subgrade. It provides the permanent facility for moving trains safely and quickly between stations, and comprises around 40% of total railway investment costs. The main components of permanent way are rails, sleepers/ties, fasteners, ballast or slab track, and subgrade. An ideal permanent way has correct alignment, sufficient elasticity and rigidity to withstand lateral forces, uniformly distributed loads, consistent gauge, resistance to damage during derailments, and minimal wheel-rail friction.
Unit 1 gauge creep
This document discusses gauge, coning, and tilting in railway tracks. It provides details on:
- The gauge is the distance between rails and is important for track alignment and stability. Wheels are coned to smoothly navigate curves and counteract centrifugal forces. Rails are tilted inward to reduce wear on outer rails and wheels.
- Coning wheels means making the outer wheel's tread circumference larger than the inner wheel's to maintain alignment through curves. Tilting rails inward at a 1 in 20 slope matches the wheel cone and distributes wheel loads evenly.
- Correct gauge, coning, tilting and cross-leveling are required for smooth riding, reduced component wear, and shock absorption
Railway track:An Introduction
This document discusses various aspects of traditional ballasted railway track, including:
- The important functions of ballast in distributing load and providing stability, drainage, and track maintenance.
- The standard ballast profile and advantages/disadvantages of traditional ballasted track compared to ballastless track.
- Key components of permanent way including rails, sleepers, fishplates, and various types of fastenings. Elastic fastenings help absorb vibrations.
- Rubber pads between rails and sleepers are important for damping vibrations and preventing gaps in the track. Proper toe load from fastenings also provides stability and resistance to movement.
Railway and Airport Engineering
Railway Engineering:
Permanent Way, Rail Gauge, Broad Gauge, Meter Gauge, Narrow Gauge, Choice of Gauge, Uniformity of Gauge, Rails - Double headed, Bull Headed, Flat footed Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, Formation, Types of sleepers, Merits and Demerits, Functions of sleepers, Requirements of good sleepers,Spacing of sleepers, Sleeper Density, Characteristics of good ballast, Capacity of a railway track, Track Fixtures and Fastening, Types of fixtures and fastening, Fish Plates, Dog Spikes, Rail Joints, Creep of Rails, Indication of Creep, Disadvantages of creep in rails, Remedies for prevention of creep, Theory of creep, Coning of Wheels, Theory of coning, Adzing of sleepers, Gradients, Grade compensation on curves, Radius and degree of curves, Super-elevation, Negative cant, Cant Deficiency, Equilibrium speed, Maximum permissible speed, Necessity of geometric design, Track defects, Transition curves, Vertical curves, Points and crossings, Types of crossings, Turnouts, Switches, Interlocking, Signalling, Classification and types of Signals, Semaphore type signal, Detonating signals, Dock signals, Shunting Signals, Warner Signals, Reception & Departure Signals, Railway Station, Purpose of a Railway Station, Site selection for Railway Stations, Track Drainage, Why Need of Proper Drainage.
Airport Engineering:
Basic Terms (AAI, ICAO, IATA), Airport System plan, Master plan, Airport Classification, Site Selection, Imaginary Surfaces, Aircraft Characteristics, Important components of Airport Layout, Runway, Runway Configuration, Runway Orientation, Factors affecting Runway Orientation, Wind Direction Indicator, Wind Rose Diagram - Type I & Type II, Basic Runway Length, Corrections for Elevation, Temperature & Gradient, Actual Runway Length, Runway Geometric (ICAO), Taxiways, Exit Taxiways, Location of Exit Taxiways, Holding Aprons, Hanger, Terminal Building, Aircraft Parking, Airport Marking & Lightning.
3rd unit
The document discusses the components and functions of a railway track system. It describes the key elements including rails, sleepers, ballast, and fastenings. It explains how the rails transfer load to the sleepers, which then distribute the load to the ballast and subgrade. The ballast provides stability, drainage, and holds the sleepers in proper position. Various types of rails, sleepers, and ballasting materials are also discussed. Maintaining proper gauge, gradient, drainage and joints is important for track performance.
Chapter-2Under-carriage-of-construction-equipment.pptx
The undercarriage is the system that allows construction equipment to travel from place to place by converting the rotating motion of wheels or tracks into linear motion. It must be wear resistant to handle high impact loads and severe conditions. Tracks better distribute weight than wheels and allow equipment to travel in soft ground. Special rubber-padded tracks can be used on paved surfaces. The main undercarriage components are the track frame, equalizer bar, drive sprocket, idler wheels, track rollers, carrier rollers, and track chain assembly.
Railway engineering
Railway track consists of several key elements to support safe and comfortable train travel. The track is laid on a prepared foundation and supported by ballast and sleepers. Rails are precisely aligned on top to provide a smooth ride. Turnouts allow trains to switch between tracks at junctions. Railway stations are where trains stop to collect and drop off passengers and cargo. Their design and layout must efficiently accommodate passenger and freight movement.
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Components of railway track
- 1. Railway Track PRESENTED BY GAYATHRY SATHEESAN
- 2. Railway Track/ Permanent Way The combination of rails, fitted on sleepers and resting on ballast and subgrade is called the railway track or permanent Way Consists of 1. Rails 2. Sleepers 3. Ballast 4. Subgrade
- 3. Requirements of an Ideal Permanent Way Gauge should be uniform and correct The rails should be in proper level 1. Straight track – two rails must be at the same level 2. Curves- outer rail should have proper superelevation Track should have enough lateral strength The radii and superelevation on curves should be properly designed and maintained
- 4. Track should be resilient and elastic in order to absorb shocks and vibrations of running track. Joints, including points and crossings which are regarded to be weakest points of the railway track, should be properly designed and maintained There should be adequate provision for easy renewals and replacements Drainage system must be perfect The track structure should be strong, low in initial cost as well as maintenance cost
- 5. Typical Cross-Section of a Railway Track
- 7. Component Parts of a Railway Track 1.Rails Unsymmetrical I sections made up of steel Functions Provide a hard, smooth and unchanging surface for passage of heavy moving loads with a minimum friction between the steel rails and steel wheels Bear the stresses developed due to heavy vertical loads, lateral and braking forces and thermal stresses Transmit the loads to sleepers and consequently reduce pressure on ballast and formation below
- 8. RAILS - REQUIREMENTS Should be of proper composition Vertical stiffness should be high enough to transmit the load Capable of withstanding lateral forces Head must be sufficiently deep to allow for an adequate margin of vertical wear Web should be sufficiently thick to bear the load & provide adequate flexural rigidity in horizontal plane Foot should be wide enough so that they are stable against overturning, especially on curves 54 Component Parts of a Railway Track
- 9. Bottom of the head and top of the foot of rails should be so shaped as to enable the fish plates to transmit the vertical load efficiently from the head to the foot at rail joints. The centre of gravity of the rail section must lie approximately at mid height so that maximum tensile and compressive stresses are equal. The tensile strength of the rail piece should not be less than 72kg/m2 The rail specimen should withstand the blow of Falling Weight Test or Tup Test as specified by Indian Railway Standards without fracture
- 10. Sleepers provide transverse ties on which rails are laid Functions Hold rails at proper gauge Support and fix the rails in proper position Transfer load uniformly from rails to ballast Provide longitudinal & lateral stability to track Provide elastic medium between rail and ballast
- 11. Sleepers-Requirements Sufficiently strong to act as a beam under loads Provide sufficient bearing area for the rail Should have sufficient weight for stability Facilitate easy fixing & taking out of rails without disturbing them should facilitate easy removal and replacement of ballast Should be able to resist impact and vibrations of moving trains
- 12. Ballast granular and gritty material placed & packed below and around sleepers (stone ballast is widely used in India) Functions To hold sleepers in position, prevents lateral & longitudinal movement Distribute load from sleepers to subgrade Impart elasticity and resilience for comfortable ride Provide effective drainage Act as a medium for provision of super elevation
- 13. Ballast-Requirements sufficient strength to resist crushing under heavy loads of moving trains durable enough to resist abrasion and weathering action rough and angular surface so as to provide good lateral and longitudinal stability to the sleepers good workability so that it can be easily spread of formation should not make the track dusty or muddy due to its crushing to powder under wheel loads should not have any chemical action on metal sleepers and rails
- 14. Subgrade/ Formation naturally occurring soil, prepared to support track. They could be in embankments, levels or cuttings Functions Support railway track from beneath Requirements Uniform transmission of load over large area Effective drainage of water No variation in volume and moisture under adverse load & weather conditions
- 15. THANK YOU….