This paper presents a comparison of actual cost for three different lighting bulbs typically used in houses. They are Incandescent light, Compact Florescent Light CFL and Light Emitted Diode Light LED. The comparison takes in respect how much each lighting bulb consumes actual power and how much it costs in respect of Kuwait’s regulation. Thus, the cost efficiency of each type is calculated. The study deals with typical houses in Kuwait taking in respect the regulation of the distribution and installation rules (R6), [1] of the ministry of water and electricity in Kuwait for the year 2014
energy conservation / how to conserve/ save energysaksham123ska
please open your hearts and give likes i will thank you if you will give me likes i am saksham kaushal i read in KIIT world school in delhi , india i am a student of class 6the if you see any changes in ppt please mail me at sakshamsci7@gmail.com and if you need any help mail me at same please please please please please please please please give more and more like so that i can upload more ppt thanks to all those you had given likes to tell your friends and give me more and more likes thankssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss to allllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll those have givennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
likessssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
A small residential PV-system of 1.5 kWp is analysed for yield and failures after running during 5 years: Easy to understand example on terms such as specific yield, annual yield, irradiation and solarPV electricity. Typical 'camel back' curves stand for high summer yields and low to nothing in winter.
Electricity saving in Buildings using LEDs LightbulbsAkhtar Zeb
In this presentation an effort has been made to understand the potential of electricity saving in buildings by replacing traditional ligthbulbs by LEDs lightbulbs.
Sydney’s energy usage is 15% per capita higher than other developed cities in the world. The government is introducing a Carbon Trading Scheme as a proactive response to Greenhouse Gas Emissions. This presentation discusses the outcomes and benefits of the decentralised trigeneration, New York Cities renovation of existing power plants and solar /wind power.
Today, a plethora of lighting products gives consumers the power to choose according to their specifications, within acceptable price ranges. Savings to consumers can be calculated not only in terms of money and replacement frequency but also energy consumption and environmental impact.
With the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 having concluded its last phase of converting the U.S.A. into a more energy-efficient, light consuming country, it has gotten easier to have consumers turn to more
energy-saving light bulbs, i.e., the LED bulb, as opposed to incandescent and fluorescent bulbs.
Thousands of homeowners are enjoying the benefits of clean, affordable energy from Captain Green Solar. Captain Green offering different types of top quality solar power packages to customers as per their requirement. We continuously monitor each solar power system to ensure everything’s running smoothly, and we take pride in delivering top of the line solar products at unbeatable prices.
R&D for coal power in a carbon-constrained worldJeffrey Phillips
I gave this short presentation on March 5, 2014 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC at the request of four US Senators who wanted to highlight the research that is needed to maintain coal as a competitive option for power generation while reducing its CO2 emissions.
Strategic Planning of Water System Projects in AlexandriaIJERA Editor
Alexandria is one of the major cities on the Mediterranean Sea. Over the past 40 years, Alexandria‟s population has doubled. Therefore Water requirements are continuously increasing due to population increase. This paper develops a framework to support decision-makers in water sector for planning major projects in Alexandria till 2037. Firstly, data gathering has been conducted and population forecasting is calculated by arithmetic and geometric methods then the future water demands are calculated, after that major projects outline is proposed. Finally the projects priorities will be determined by applying two methods of solving Multiple Criteria Decision Making MCDM problems. The first method is The Weighted Scoring Method; WSM is a powerful and flexible method of comparing similar items against a standard, prioritized list of requirements or criteria. The second method is Analytical Hierarchy Process. AHP is based on comparative evaluation method. Then Results will be analyzed. First, it was focused on the difference of the criteria weight of alternatives between the two methods. Second, it was compared the preference orders of alternatives between them, there were not much of differences in the final results. The results offered some evidence that AHP makes the selection process very transparent.
Solar Module Modeling, Simulation And Validation Under Matlab / SimulinkIJERA Editor
Solar modules are systems which convert sunlight into electricity using the physics of semiconductors. Mathematical modeling of these systems uses weather data such as irradiance and temperature as inputs. It provides the current, voltage or power as outputs, which allows plot the characteristic giving the intensity I as a function of voltage V for photovoltaic cells. In this work, we have developed a model for a diode of a Photovoltaic module under the Matlab / Simulink environment. From this model, we have plotted the characteristic curves I-V and P-V of solar cell for different values of temperature and sunlight. The validation has been done by comparing the experimental curve with power from a solar panel HORONYA 20W type with that obtained by the model.
Structural and Morphological Properties of Mn-Doped Co3O4 ThinFilm Deposited ...IJERA Editor
In this study, a series of manganese (Mn)-doped Cobalt oxide (Co3O4)thin films were deposited on steel substrate by the sol-gel spin coat method and investigated the influence of doping concentrations of Mn in Cobalt ranging from 0.001% to 1% on physical, structural and morphological properties of Co3O4 thin films. Cobalt acetate[(CH3COO)2Co.4H2O], Mn acetate [C4H6MnO4.4H2O] and Isopropyl alcohol were used as starting material, dopant source and reagent respectively.X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that pureCo3O4 thin film iscrystallinein nature andcubic phase with [400] preferential orientation.For Mn doped films, three new peaks corresponding to the planes [310], [320] and [420] of orthorhombic MnO2 phase were observed.SEM micrographs showed that incorporation of Mn in Co site was found to influence the surface morphology of the films. All the films showed tetragonal shaped grains. TheEDAXanalysis revealedthe amount of Mn element in the sample increased with increasing dopant concentration.
Understanding Construction Workers’ Risk Decisions Using Cognitive Continuum ...IJERA Editor
During the course of performing daily tasks, construction workers encounter numerous hazards, such as ladders that are too short to reach the work area, energized electrical lines, or inadequate fall protection. When a hazard is encountered, the worker must make a rapid decision about how to respond and whether to take or avoid the risk. The goal of this research was to construct a theory about the influence of decision cues on intuitive and deliberative decision-making in high-hazard construction environments. Drawing from Cognitive Continuum Theory, the study specifies a framework for understanding why and how construction workers make decisions that lead to taking or avoiding physical risks when they encounter daily hazards. A secondary aim of the research was to construct a set of hypotheses about how specific decision cues influence whether a worker is more likely to engage their intuitive impulses or to use careful deliberation when responding to a hazard. These hypotheses are described and the efficacy of the hypotheses was evaluated using cross-tabulations and nonparametric measures of association. While most of the associations between decision cues and decision mode (i.e., intuition or deliberation) identified in this data set were generally modest, none of the associations were statistically zero, thus indicating that further research is warranted based on theoretical grounds. A rigorous program of theory testing is the next logical step to the research.
energy conservation / how to conserve/ save energysaksham123ska
please open your hearts and give likes i will thank you if you will give me likes i am saksham kaushal i read in KIIT world school in delhi , india i am a student of class 6the if you see any changes in ppt please mail me at sakshamsci7@gmail.com and if you need any help mail me at same please please please please please please please please give more and more like so that i can upload more ppt thanks to all those you had given likes to tell your friends and give me more and more likes thankssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss to allllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll those have givennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
likessssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
A small residential PV-system of 1.5 kWp is analysed for yield and failures after running during 5 years: Easy to understand example on terms such as specific yield, annual yield, irradiation and solarPV electricity. Typical 'camel back' curves stand for high summer yields and low to nothing in winter.
Electricity saving in Buildings using LEDs LightbulbsAkhtar Zeb
In this presentation an effort has been made to understand the potential of electricity saving in buildings by replacing traditional ligthbulbs by LEDs lightbulbs.
Sydney’s energy usage is 15% per capita higher than other developed cities in the world. The government is introducing a Carbon Trading Scheme as a proactive response to Greenhouse Gas Emissions. This presentation discusses the outcomes and benefits of the decentralised trigeneration, New York Cities renovation of existing power plants and solar /wind power.
Today, a plethora of lighting products gives consumers the power to choose according to their specifications, within acceptable price ranges. Savings to consumers can be calculated not only in terms of money and replacement frequency but also energy consumption and environmental impact.
With the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 having concluded its last phase of converting the U.S.A. into a more energy-efficient, light consuming country, it has gotten easier to have consumers turn to more
energy-saving light bulbs, i.e., the LED bulb, as opposed to incandescent and fluorescent bulbs.
Thousands of homeowners are enjoying the benefits of clean, affordable energy from Captain Green Solar. Captain Green offering different types of top quality solar power packages to customers as per their requirement. We continuously monitor each solar power system to ensure everything’s running smoothly, and we take pride in delivering top of the line solar products at unbeatable prices.
R&D for coal power in a carbon-constrained worldJeffrey Phillips
I gave this short presentation on March 5, 2014 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC at the request of four US Senators who wanted to highlight the research that is needed to maintain coal as a competitive option for power generation while reducing its CO2 emissions.
Strategic Planning of Water System Projects in AlexandriaIJERA Editor
Alexandria is one of the major cities on the Mediterranean Sea. Over the past 40 years, Alexandria‟s population has doubled. Therefore Water requirements are continuously increasing due to population increase. This paper develops a framework to support decision-makers in water sector for planning major projects in Alexandria till 2037. Firstly, data gathering has been conducted and population forecasting is calculated by arithmetic and geometric methods then the future water demands are calculated, after that major projects outline is proposed. Finally the projects priorities will be determined by applying two methods of solving Multiple Criteria Decision Making MCDM problems. The first method is The Weighted Scoring Method; WSM is a powerful and flexible method of comparing similar items against a standard, prioritized list of requirements or criteria. The second method is Analytical Hierarchy Process. AHP is based on comparative evaluation method. Then Results will be analyzed. First, it was focused on the difference of the criteria weight of alternatives between the two methods. Second, it was compared the preference orders of alternatives between them, there were not much of differences in the final results. The results offered some evidence that AHP makes the selection process very transparent.
Solar Module Modeling, Simulation And Validation Under Matlab / SimulinkIJERA Editor
Solar modules are systems which convert sunlight into electricity using the physics of semiconductors. Mathematical modeling of these systems uses weather data such as irradiance and temperature as inputs. It provides the current, voltage or power as outputs, which allows plot the characteristic giving the intensity I as a function of voltage V for photovoltaic cells. In this work, we have developed a model for a diode of a Photovoltaic module under the Matlab / Simulink environment. From this model, we have plotted the characteristic curves I-V and P-V of solar cell for different values of temperature and sunlight. The validation has been done by comparing the experimental curve with power from a solar panel HORONYA 20W type with that obtained by the model.
Structural and Morphological Properties of Mn-Doped Co3O4 ThinFilm Deposited ...IJERA Editor
In this study, a series of manganese (Mn)-doped Cobalt oxide (Co3O4)thin films were deposited on steel substrate by the sol-gel spin coat method and investigated the influence of doping concentrations of Mn in Cobalt ranging from 0.001% to 1% on physical, structural and morphological properties of Co3O4 thin films. Cobalt acetate[(CH3COO)2Co.4H2O], Mn acetate [C4H6MnO4.4H2O] and Isopropyl alcohol were used as starting material, dopant source and reagent respectively.X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that pureCo3O4 thin film iscrystallinein nature andcubic phase with [400] preferential orientation.For Mn doped films, three new peaks corresponding to the planes [310], [320] and [420] of orthorhombic MnO2 phase were observed.SEM micrographs showed that incorporation of Mn in Co site was found to influence the surface morphology of the films. All the films showed tetragonal shaped grains. TheEDAXanalysis revealedthe amount of Mn element in the sample increased with increasing dopant concentration.
Understanding Construction Workers’ Risk Decisions Using Cognitive Continuum ...IJERA Editor
During the course of performing daily tasks, construction workers encounter numerous hazards, such as ladders that are too short to reach the work area, energized electrical lines, or inadequate fall protection. When a hazard is encountered, the worker must make a rapid decision about how to respond and whether to take or avoid the risk. The goal of this research was to construct a theory about the influence of decision cues on intuitive and deliberative decision-making in high-hazard construction environments. Drawing from Cognitive Continuum Theory, the study specifies a framework for understanding why and how construction workers make decisions that lead to taking or avoiding physical risks when they encounter daily hazards. A secondary aim of the research was to construct a set of hypotheses about how specific decision cues influence whether a worker is more likely to engage their intuitive impulses or to use careful deliberation when responding to a hazard. These hypotheses are described and the efficacy of the hypotheses was evaluated using cross-tabulations and nonparametric measures of association. While most of the associations between decision cues and decision mode (i.e., intuition or deliberation) identified in this data set were generally modest, none of the associations were statistically zero, thus indicating that further research is warranted based on theoretical grounds. A rigorous program of theory testing is the next logical step to the research.
Identification of Reserved Energy Resource Potentials for Nigeria Power Gener...IJERA Editor
Electrical power is the most widely used form of power in the industrialized countries. In Nigeria the epileptic pattern of electricity supply has affected every aspect of our economy and therefore required a strong political will and commitment on the part of Government to tackle. The solution to this problem lies in identifying and harnessing the abundant reserve energy resources available in various locations all over the country. This paper thus dwelt on identifying various sources of reserve energy potentials that abound in Nigeria which when harnessed and deployed appropriately will be sufficient to provide for both immediate and future electric power need of the country. The approach deployed in the study include the review of available statistical data of Nigeria reserve energy resources; identify the scale of its availability, location and the realizable amount of electric power from such reserve. The results show that the proven and estimated reserved energy resources of coal, natural gas and new hydro potentials could contribute a total of 96,079.40MW to the grid system, and when added to the existing installed electric power generation capacity of 12,066MW will give a total of 108,145.40MW.
A study on the Noise Radiation of a Power Pack for Construction EquipmentIJERA Editor
The Power Pack of these machines is composed of an engine, fuel tank and oil tank. Energy is transferred to the Casing Rotor through the engine inside the Power Pack. In this study, the generated noise of a Power Pack was predicted, to provide suggestions on how to improve the noise level. First, we constructed a 3D model of the Power Pack. A finite element analysis was performed using ANSYS. We then analysed the Power Pack through the generated acoustic analysis. Finally, we suggest a way to reduce the noise during the design stage using the analysis results.
Mechanical Properties of Sustainable Adobe Bricks Stabilized With Recycled Su...IJERA Editor
In the pursuit of cheaper and more sustainable building materialsto meethousing demands in developing countries like Cameroun, the mechanicalproperties ofadobe bricks which have been stabilized with recycled sugarcane fiber waste were investigated. Laboratory experiments were conducted using sugarcanefiber waste stabilized adobe brick specimens with fiber proportions of 0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, 1.2%, 2% and 3% by weight.Fiber stabilization increased compressive strength by 58.61% for 3% bricks, reaching 4.79 MPa.Further, 3% fiber stabilized bricks shrunk by 7.49%, while the non-stabilized bricksshrunk by 12.13%. Also, 3% bricks lasted for one week before deterioration when immersed in water, while the non-stabilized bricks lasted for only a few hours. The findings confirmed that sugarcane fiber waste stabilized adobe bricks have improved strength, durability and stability. The use of abandoned sugarcane fiber waste in adobe bricks will contribute to the development of more durable, sustainable and stronger adobe brick structures, as well as reduce the environmental and economic challenges associated with the disposal of sugarcane waste.
Influence of Ruthenium doping on Structural and Morphological Properties of M...IJERA Editor
The present work examines the effect of Ru doping on MoO3 thin films on steel substrate deposited by Sol-gel spin coat method. The annealing temperature was 6000C for pure MoO3 and 8000C for Ru doped thin films. The doping concentration of Ru was varied from 10 to 50wt%. The influence of Ru doping on structural and morphological properties of MoO3 thin films were studied. The XRD revealed that all films are highly crystalline in nature with monoclinic phase for molybdenum peaks. In the doped XRD pattern some new peaks were observed and are matched with ruthenium orthorhombic phase indicating an incorporation of dopant in pure molybdenum oxide. The same is confirmed with the compositional analysis by EDAX. The SEM images of the MoO3 resemble a rod like surface with porous morphology. Incorporation of Ru ions in molybdenum oxide decreases the length of the rods and vanishes after 40wt%. Tetragonal grain size increases from 20wt% of Ru and becomes maximum at 50wt% of Ru doped thin films
Frequent Item set Mining of Big Data for Social MediaIJERA Editor
Big data is a term for massive data sets having large, more varied and complex structure with the difficulties of storing, analyzing and visualizing for further processes or results. Bigdata includes data from email, documents, pictures, audio, video files, and other sources that do not fit into a relational database. This unstructured data brings enormous challenges to Bigdata.The process of research into massive amounts of data to reveal hidden patterns and secret correlations named as big data analytics. Therefore, big data implementations need to be analyzed and executed as accurately as possible. The proposed model structures the unstructured data from social media in a structured form so that data can be queried efficiently by using Hadoop MapReduce framework. The Bigdata mining is essential in order to extract value from massive amount of data. MapReduce is efficient method to deal with Big data than traditional techniques.The proposed Linguistic string matching Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm and K-Means clustering algorithm gives proper platform to extract value from massive amount of data and recommendation for user.Linguistic matching techniques such as Knuth–Morris–Pratt string matching algorithm are very useful in giving proper matching output to user query. The K-Means algorithm is one which works on clustering data using vector space model. It can be an appropriate method to produce recommendation for user
Speed Control of Induction Motor by V/F MethodIJERA Editor
This paper presents the design & implementation of voltage & frequency ratio constant & controller based on sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique for a single phase induction motor using fuzzy logic. The work involves implementation of an closed loop control scheme for an induction motor. The technique is used extensively in the industry as it provides the accuracy required at minimal cost. V/f controlled motors fall under the category of variable voltage variable frequency drives. The ratio of voltage & frequency must be constant.
Wake-up-word speech recognition using GPS on smart phoneIJERA Editor
Wake-Up-Word (WUW) is a new prototype of speech recognition not widely recognized. Lately, the use of GPS is widely increased in everyday life that means that our necessities have changed. We can use a new paradigm in controlling the voice of a map in the digital era. This would bring benefit for people while driving a car. In this paper we present a set of voice commands to integrate within the map and navigation voice control. Using a voice control for Global Positioning System (GPS) helps to determine and track the precise location using a technology called Google API. The benefit of this application would be avoiding car accidents using speech command instead of typing.
A Review on Reversible Data Hiding Scheme by Image Contrast EnhancementIJERA Editor
In present world demand of high quality images, security of the information on internet is one of the most important issues of research. Data hiding is a method of hiding a useful information by embedding it on another image (cover image) to provide security and only the authorize person is able to extract the original information from the embedding data. This paper is a review which describes several different algorithms for Reversible Data Hiding (RDH). Previous literature has shown that histogram modification, histogram equalization (HE) and interpolation are the most common methods for data hiding. To improve security these methods are used in encrypted images. This paper is a comprehensive study of all the major reversible data hiding approaches implemented as found in the literature.
Effects of Zno on electrical properties of Polyaniline CompositesIJERA Editor
In the present investigation, Polyaniline / Zinc oxide with various weight percentage of Zinc oxide (10%, 20%, 30, 40% and 50%) were synthesized by in-situ polymerization method. The prepared composites were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The dc conductivity of the samples was measured as a function of temperature in the range 30-180oC and it was found that increasing the concentration of ZnO particles increases the conductivity. Ac conductivity of the composites was studied with respect to frequency
Design Optimization Of Chain Sprocket Using Finite Element AnalysisIJERA Editor
Chain sprocket is one of the important component of chain drive for transmitting power from one shaft to another. To ensure efficient power transmission chain sprocket should be properly designed and manufactured. There is a possibility of weight reduction in chain drive sprocket. In this study, chain sprocket is designed and analysed using Finite Element Analysis for safety and reliability. ANSYS software is used for static and fatigue analysis of sprocket design. Using these results optimization of sprocket for weight reduction has been done. As sprocket undergo vibration, modal analysis is performed
A Review of Strategies to Promote Road Safety in Rich Developing Countries: t...IJERA Editor
Road safety policies, strategies and action plans, along with trends in road traffic injuries (RTIs) in the oil-rich Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC) countries were examined to appraise their road safety work with an overall objective of identifying key measures and initiatives that would reduce RTA and their resulting consequences in these countries. Data on RTIs was obtained from police and from vital statistics and was analyzed. Research papers, policy documents, and strategies, obtained from relevant stakeholders in the six GCC countries, were reviewed and discussed. Traffic Safety Programs and action plans, which were the most fundamental documents in the development of the GCC countries’ road safety policies and strategies, were reviewed. Policy documents on road safety and traffic related issues were searched on the websites of related authorities. Published research on road safety in GCC countries was searched using available databases. Analysis of accident data shows that the fatality rates in all the GCC countries are much higher than developed countries with good safety records. The six administrations started the fundamental traffic safety programs to combat the increase in RTIs, with some succeeding in reducing RTI rates by implementing vast road safety improvements. However, RTIs increased again mainly because of increasing traffic volume and high-risk driving behavior. Developing and implementing national road safety strategies in some GCC countries was successful in reducing the RTI rates. The road safety situation in the six GCC countries was assessed showing high crash and fatality rates compared to developed countries. Most GCC countries still suffer from sustainable increase in traffic crashes despite the efforts to reduce their magnitude and severity. Some of these countries have developed and implemented national road safety strategies, while countries like Oman still need to develop such a long-term strategy. Following the review of the current progress in road safety initiatives developed or implemented, it is apparent that there is still considerable room for improvement. In view of the fact that the oil-rich GCC countries have similar economic, social, and political background, a number of specific areas of action common to all countries were identified to achieve a safer road environment in the studied countries
A storage array consists of a large number of disk drives together with a storage controller. Many servers can be connected to a storage array, which allows any of the disk drives to be used by any server. Data is read from the disk and written to the disk with a read/write heads (Figure 1). The disk spins at between 7,200rpm and 15,000rpm. The heads are moved across the recording surface of the disk to different tracks where the data is stored.
Integrated Energy Management of Residential Halls at University of Dhaka by U...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This paper analyses the electrical energy
consumption of two residential halls at University of Dhaka
and design the best approach to diminish the electrical energy
consumption and reduce the carbon emission and achieve
efficient energy utilization in the halls. Fazlul Haque Muslim
Hall and Dr. Mohammad Sahidullah Hall were selected for a
detailed study of electricity consumption. Series of data were
taken to estimate the electrical energy consumption and the
electrical energy losses across different loads. Afterwards with
the results of electrical usage, an energy stability was made by
considering the energy efficient electrical appliances along
with a solar photovoltaic system to reduce the electrical energy
wastage and reduce the carbon emission to maintain the
environment clean. Overall energy losses can be minimized up
to 40% and 41% at Fazlul Haque Muslim Hall and Dr.
Mohammad Sahidullah Hall respectively with new energy
efficient devices. A total of 43% and 44% energy consumption
can be reduced at Fazlul Haque Muslim Hall and Dr.
Mohammad Sahidullah Hall with the proposed new energy
management system that implies to utilize solar energy using
solar photovoltaic. The emission of carbon reduction estimate
was about 302 tons and 290 tons of CO2 at Fazlul Haque
Muslim Hall and Dr. Mohammad Sahidullah Hall
respectively. The payback period of the investment to replace
the electrical appliances with energy efficient appliances and
to install a solar photovoltaic system is 2.45 years.
Power consuption in household and hostel roomsANURAG GIRI
it will help you on the project power consuption in hostal rooms with different devices.you will also come to know about power reading og lpu in the year 2015-16 and also you will come to know about the modern technology.
A review on fuel cell and its applicationseSAT Journals
Abstract With the increase in the demand of electrical energy now it is the time to think for the alternate source of energy. In order to mitigate the demand of electrical energy and to create pollution free environment the fuel cell acts as an alternate solution. The fuel cells are very much similar to an ordinary dry cell or battery. It has an electrode, some chemical material and an electrical circuit to give the supply to an external circuit. Due to absence of rotating devices they are quite simple and efficient in nature. This paper describes about the working methods of fuel cells and their future and economic growth. Keywords: Fuel cell, Electrolyte, Electrode, DC
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
EFFICIENT AND COST EFFECTIVE MODEL FOR AN ECO-FRIENDLY SOLAR COLONYcscpconf
A simple and successful design is developed which has the objective to put together a cost effective model, scaled down both in size and energy required for an average residential home
driven through Solar Panels. It also deals with the autonomous illumination of streets of a
model colony through solar panels to meet the requirements and attain the maximum efficiency
of the available energy. The Photovoltaic system along with an inverter and intensity control circuit counts for the basic design. The effort deals with the efficient, cost effective and needful
implementation of Photovoltaic systems which would be useful primarily in rural and remote parts of India for both social and economic development of the people.
GENERATION OF POWER THROUGH HYDROGEN – OXYGEN FUEL CELLSinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
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Comparison of Total Actual Cost for Different Types of Lighting Bulbs Used In Typical Houses in Kuwait
1. Mohammed Alkandari. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 9,(part-4) Sep.2016, pp.85-87
www.ijera.com 85|P a g e
Comparison of Total Actual Cost for Different Types of Lighting
Bulbs Used In Typical Houses in Kuwait
Mohammed Alkandari (1)
, Abdullatif Ashati (2)
Electrical Networks Department, High Institute of Energy, Public Authority of Applied Education and Training,
KUWAIT
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a comparison of actual cost for three different lighting bulbs typically used in houses. They
are Incandescent light, Compact Florescent Light CFL and Light Emitted Diode Light LED. The comparison
takes in respect how much each lighting bulb consumes actual power and how much it costs in respect of
Kuwait’s regulation. Thus, the cost efficiency of each type is calculated. The study deals with typical houses in
Kuwait taking in respect the regulation of the distribution and installation rules (R6), [1] of the ministry of water
and electricity in Kuwait for the year 2014
Keywords: house lighting, Incandescent light, Compact Florescent light, house lighting efficiency, LED, CFL,
lighting efficiency
I. INTRODUCTION
Lighting bulbs are very important and
most used element in buildings and houses. And
from that aspect, it is important to study the cost
and compare which type is more power efficient.
Lighting bulbs, like any electrical element; are
contuinusly developed and renewed in order to find
the best type that gives the same brighting result
with less power consumption. We can view
lighting bulbs as a power converter which converts
electricity into waves of visible light. Incandescent
lights are one of the first lighting bulb used, it was
the evolution of converting electricity into visible
light. But that old type, which is still used;
consumes a lot of electrical energy in order to
convert it into useful visible light, and that pushed
scientists to develop types like Compact Florescent
light ( CFL) and Light Emitted Diode (LED). In
this paper, we will consider the three types of
lighting bulbs: incandescent, CFL and LED bulbs
that are used in typical houses in Kuwait.
Moreover, we will take in respect the regulation of
the distribution and installation rules (R6), [1] of
the ministry of water and electricity in Kuwait for
the year 2014.
II. DEMINSSIONS OF TYPICAL
HOUSE IN KUWAIT
Kuwait is one of fortunate countries that
still distributes housing rights to its citizen, the
ministry of housing in Kuwait issues a piece of
land with construction loan for each family in order
to build a house. The land area is 400 meter square
and the loan is enough to build three floor house
with a basement. We will consider a typical house
as 400 square meter land with three floors and a
basement. The considered numbers and sizes of
rooms (in square meter) for typical Kuwaiti house
in this paper is as the following table.
Description Rooms number area in m^2
living room 12 30
bathroom 12 10
bedroom 12 20
kitchen 5 25
stair room 2 45
basement 1 300
study room 5 20
III. CALCULATION OF
CONSUMPTION
In order to put a model of this study, we
must state the rules of R6 (the regulation of
distribution and installation rules of the ministry of
water and electricity in Kuwait for the year 2014)
for lighting limits. The following table contains the
distribution of brightness limit (in Lux/m^2) for
each room type:
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Mohammed Alkandari. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 9,(part-4) Sep.2016, pp.85-87
www.ijera.com 86|P a g e
Description Lux/m^2
living room 150
bathroom 100
bedroom 150
kitchen 300
stair room 100
basement 300
study room 300
Having Lux/m^2 limit and rooms size, we
can calculate the number of bulbs needed to lighten
each room. The bulbs power in this paper are 30
watts/Hr and the brightness in Lumen are 300,
900 and 1800 for the incandescent, CFL and LED
respectively. The calculations and equations are
shown in the following table.
Having the estimated number and the
power of bulbs, we can calculate the required total
power (in Watts) consumed in each room. The
following table shows the total power for each bulb
type for the different room’s type.
Description Incandescent bulb CFL bulb LED bulb
Num. of Bulbs*bulb
power/Hr
Number of Bulbs*bulb
power/Hr
Number of Bulbs*bulb
power/Hr
living room 450 150 75
Bathroom 100 33 17
Bedroom 300 100 50
Kitchen 750 250 125
stair room 450 150 75
basement 9000 3000 1500
study room 600 200 100
R6 regulation states the estimated or so
called total actual load consumption of houses in a
year. The studies in R6 show that houses are
functioned just 70% eight hours per day of the
year. The actual load, therefore, 255.5 days times 8
Hr times the total bulb power needed for each
room. The table below illustrates the calculation of
total actual load (in KWH) for the total year.
Description Incandescent bulb (300
Lm/30 watt)*
CFL bulb (900Lm/30
watt)
LED bulb (1800 Lm/30
watt)
Total
Load*0.7*365*8h/1000
Total
Load*0.7*365*8h/1000
Total
Load*0.7*365*8h/1000
living room 919.8 306.6 153.3
Bathroom 204.4 68.13333333 34.06666667
Bedroom 613.2 204.4 102.2
Kitchen 1533 511 255.5
stair room 919.8 306.6 153.3
Basement 18396 6132 3066
study room 1226.4 408.8 204.4
3. Mohammed Alkandari. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 9,(part-4) Sep.2016, pp.85-87
www.ijera.com 87|P a g e
Now, having the total actual load, we
calculate the total cost (in Kuwaiti Dinars) for each
room type by taking in respect the cost of KWH in
Kuwait; which is 0.038 of the dinar.
We got the following results:
The cost appeared in the above table is for
a house functioning 70% of the year’s days 8 hours
per a day as R6 regulation states. By using the
proposed dimension and the numbers of rooms of
Kuwaiti’s house, we can calculate the actual total
cost per a year for each type of bulb.
It appears, as in the table and flow-chart
below; the cost of incandescent bulbs are the most
costly (2085.5 Kd) as LED bulbs are less in cost
(347.6 Kd). CFL bulbs costs 695.16 Kd, it is 66.6
% less than incandescent bulbs cost. LED bulbs are
84.3 % less than incandescent bulbs and 50% less
than CFL bulbs in cost wise.
IV. CONCLUSION
The result of the study insures that LED
bulbs are most efficient than Incandescent light and
Compact Florescent Light CFL bulbs. Where it
save more money in converting the same amount of
electricity into visible light.
REFERENCE
[1]. The regulation of distribution and
installation rules (R6), [1] of the ministry
of water and electricity in Kuwait for the
year 2014.
Description Incandescent bulb CFL bulb LED bulb
Actual Load* 0.038KD Actual Load* 0.038KD Actual Load* 0.038KD
living room 34.952400 11.650800 5.825400
bathroom 7.767200 2.589067 1.294533
bedroom 23.301600 7.767200 3.883600
kitchen 58.254000 19.418000 9.709000
stair room 34.952400 11.650800 5.825400
basement 699.048000 233.016000 116.508000
study room 46.603200 15.534400 7.767200
Description Rooms
number
Incandescent bulb CFL bulb LED bulb
Room number*
Actual Cost
Room number*
Actual Cost
Room number*
Actual Cost
living room 12 419.4288 139.8096 69.9048
bathroom 12 93.2064 31.07 15.53
bedroom 12 279.6192 93.2064 46.6032
kitchen 5 291.27 97.09 48.545
stair room 2 69.9048 23.3016 11.6508
basement 1 699.048 233.016 116.508
study room 5 233.016 77.672 38.836
total cost 2085.4932 695.1644 347.5822