Sydney’s energy usage is 15% per capita higher than other developed cities in the world. The government is introducing a Carbon Trading Scheme as a proactive response to Greenhouse Gas Emissions. This presentation discusses the outcomes and benefits of the decentralised trigeneration, New York Cities renovation of existing power plants and solar /wind power.

1. The Energy Crisis Kriston Kearney & Zinan Zhang

3. 884 400 circuit km of circuit transmission infrastructure

4. Per capita, Sydney uses 10% more electricity than the rest of NSW

5. Sydney has an extremely low population density, due to urban sprawl

7. 90.5% of NSW electricity from coal, 6.8% hydro, 1.4% gas, 1.3% renewables

8. 2007 US Study of 50 000 power stations found Eraring & Bayswater in 100 worst. Annually, these 2 power station emit the same carbon dioxide as 4.6 million cars

10. Electricity prices increase significantly

11. Power shortages occur as companies attempt to minimise expenditure and output

12. Economic downturn in commodities

14. Waste heat by-product which results from the generation of electricity is harnessed, and harvested for use in cooling and heating

15. Same concept as cogeneration, however the third element is the cooling of excess steam in electricity generation by an absorption chiller

16. Cogeneration is prevalent throughout Frankfurt, where in 1963, new developments were supplied with heat, courtesy of cogeneration from local coal CHP plant

18. The Energy Crisis Trigeneration Efficiency

20. Rather than being passive energy consumers, buildings are transformed into power generators for themselves and local energy network

21. Decentralisation has the ability to synthesis various energy inputs; fossil and renewable sources

23. Provides power, hot water, space heating & air conditioning from a single source

24. Trigeneration has a 90% energy efficiency, compared to coal electricity at 35%

25. Absorption chillers are more energy efficient than existing cooling infrastructure & emit significantly less CFCs

27. 40% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, $20 million savings for residents

28. Removed ‘Co-op’ area in the Bronx off city grid. Completely self sufficient for 55 000

29. Extra energy generated can be diverted in case of black out during peak periodsIf this was to be implemented across Sydney, we can expect....

32. A consumption rate of 1% of Australia’s gas reserves would be sustainable for 875 years

33. Current reserves can sustain electricity generation consumption at 23.65% for 37 years and 3 months, or by the solution’s introduction in 2014; 32 years and 3 months

34. Although there are gas fuelled power stations in; Tallawarra, Liddell, Smithfield, Uranquinty, further station will have to be converted or built

37. large step towards rendering coal obsolete

38. Most affordable stepping stone in the transition to 100% renewable energy

39. Significantly reduced greenhouse gas emissions

40. Through government incentive, the creation of an updated and sustainable energy system with increased reliability and long term financial benefit

42. The Energy Crisis 2025 Proposed Renewable Energy Plants

43. The Energy Crisis Solar Energy – Photovoltaics

45. Approximately $50 000 to install a solar system capable of powering a house and rendering it self sufficient

46. Through financial incentives and substantial subsidies, the transition to completely renewable power will be undertaken. Feed in tariffs to be introduced

49. 2007, Australia’s wind generation capacity is 0.8 GW in comparison to Germany’s 22 GW, US’ 16 GW

50. Wind power development costs around $1 million per MW of generating capacity installed. To take advantage of economies of scale, wind power facilities should be in excess of 20 MW.

51. 1 Wind turbine = 750 kW in capacity

52. Wind farms can by placed on land, or offshore as seen in the UK

53. Therefore 26 turbines arerequired to produce20 mW, and an investment of $20 millionThe Energy Crisis

55. In combination with other renewable sources, will eventually take up 100% of Australia’s dependence on renewable energy. Bayswater Coal Plant (NSW) = 2640 MW at capacity with 4 turbines Blayney Wind Farm (NSW) = 9.9 MW at capacity with 15 turbines 264 x 15 =

56. 3960 Wind Turbines!

57. The Energy Crisis....Solved Thank you for listening! Kriston Kearney & Zinan Zhang