These slides gives a precise outline on the Process of community diagnosis It engages the reader with basic memorable steps to execute the survey. it is suitable for students and field workers

1. 1

2. Community
diagnosis
FLORENCE F. A. HAWA (MRS.)
MPH BSC., RN,RM,RCHN(PB)
2/1/2021
F.F.A.Hawa
(
Mrs
)
2

3. content
 concept and purpose of community diagnosis
 process of conducting a community diagnosis
 report writing
 and dissemination of findings
 plan interventions in order to meet the identified health needs
(community action).
2/1/2021
F.F.A.Hawa
(
Mrs
)
3

4. What is community diagnosis concept
 It is a process in which health workers together with members of a
community determine health problems and needs of a community,
 develop plans of action and
 implement the plans
2/1/2021
F.F.A.Hawa
(
Mrs
)
4

5. community diagnosis
Community diagnosis generally refers to the identification and
quantification of health problems in a community as a whole in terms of
mortality and morbidity rates and ratios, and identification of their correlates
for the purpose of defining those at risk or those in need of health care
2/1/2021
F.F.A.Hawa
(
Mrs
)
5

6. Purpose of community diagnosis
 To collect :
 Statistics on utilization of health services
 Epidemiological, Environmental ,Demographic and nutrition data
 Causes of morbidity and mortality
 Patterns of leadership and state of mental health
2/1/2021
F.F.A.Hawa
(
Mrs
)
6

7. importance of community diagnosis
 It is the foundation for improving and promoting the health
of community members.
 its role is to identify factors that affect the health of a population and
determine the availability of resources within the community to
adequately address these factors.
2/1/2021
F.F.A.Hawa
(
Mrs
)
7

8. Ethical considerations
Obtain permission to enter the community
Obtain informed consent from respondent
Maintain confidentiality
Subjects must be anonymous
Do no harm
2/1/2021
F.F.A.Hawa
(
Mrs
)
8

9. Process of community diagnosis
1) Exploration- get permission to collect data
2) Planning of the survey-why, where, who, when, what will be
covered
3) Developing and pretesting survey tools –
questionnaire/interview schedule, focus group discussions
4) Execution of the survey
involves data cleaning, sorting/tallying, coding , data entry and
analysis. Present in the form of tables, graphs, histograms
2/1/2021
F.F.A.Hawa
(
Mrs
)
9

10. Health status
 Community diagnosis is used to determine and describe the health status of the population reflected in health
indicators in a community over a specific time period.
 Health indicators are used by government to guide health care policy.
Incidence rates of any of the following in a population may be health indicators:
 Low birth weight.
 Diabetes.
 High blood pressure.
 Cancer incidence.
2/1/2021
F.F.A.Hawa
(
Mrs
)
10

11. Exploration phase
 It consists of :
 Seeking permission to enter the community and informing the various
leaders eg chief
 Get reactions of the citizens through talking informally to identify their
problems
 Gathering background data on health, education. Read reports
2/1/2021
F.F.A.Hawa
(
Mrs
)
11

12. Planning the survey
 After getting permission,
 plan the survey to identify the appropriate day for data collection, and
giving of feedback to include community health Action
2/1/2021
F.F.A.Hawa
(
Mrs
)
12

13. Community diagnosis should give
answers to:
 Most pressing health problems in the
community.
 Extent of disease burden.
 common diseases and conditions.
 Who are most affected ? Age sex,
occupation , religion etc
 Any relationship between health and
the variable
 Geographical distribution of the
health problems
 Environment- when do these
problems occur eg rainy season
 Why do these problems and diseases
occur?
2/1/2021
F.F.A.Hawa
(
Mrs
)
13

14. Community diagnosis queries
 What is currently being done about the problems by the community or
health care delivery system-what ?
 where?
 who?
 when and why?
 All these questions will assist in knowing the level at which to start
community diagnosis
2/1/2021
F.F.A.Hawa
(
Mrs
)
14

15. Developing and pretesting tools for data
collection
refers to the devices/instruments used to collect data and measure a
community's health status.
 Map of the area defines the catchment area and sets boundaries for
data collection.
 Weighing scales
 Specimen bottles for laboratory tests
 Questionnaire/ interview schedule
Focus group discussions
2/1/2021
F.F.A.Hawa
(
Mrs
)
15

16. Pretesting the data collection tools
 Pretest checks whether the question measures what it intends to measure
and it is not offensive.
 Procedure This is done on a similar population to your target group,
collect data, obtain feedback on the content of the questionnaire, analyze
the data and revise before printing the final copy
2/1/2021
F.F.A.Hawa
(
Mrs
)
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17. Execution of the survey- data
collection
 Select and train research assistants in all procedures of collecting
quantitative and qualitative data
 Interviewers should use a pencil to make it easier make corrections.
 Fill in the responses immediately
 Check the forms and confirm that you have taken all your equipment
before leaving the home
 Handle laboratory specimens carefully and place a label
2/1/2021
F.F.A.Hawa
(
Mrs
)
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18. Types of Information
 Gather Information about people's:
 knowledge
 Behaviour/ practices
 attitudes
and attributes. that is, their personal or demographic characteristics
e g. age, education, occupation ,income etc.
2/1/2021
F.F.A.Hawa
(
Mrs
)
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19. Analysis and presentation of results
 There are two types :
 qualitative analysis – used on data that cannot be measured eg colour
 quantitate analysis- used on numerical data e.g. age in years
 Present in Tables, graphs, pictorial or through narratives
2/1/2021
F.F.A.Hawa
(
Mrs
)
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20. TABLE
Table 1
Types of
housing
permanent Semi
permanent
Earthen
floor
Cemen
t floor
Village A 2 5 4 3
Village B 1 6 3 4
Village C 6 1 1 6
Village D 0 16 2 14
Village E 0 24 20 4
Totals 9 52 28 31
2/1/2021
F.F.A.Hawa
(
Mrs
)
20

21. Report writing and Dissemination
The report is a detailed scientific document which contains an account of the
how the survey was planned and executed
The data must be accurately interpreted
Feedback can be done through:
 chief’s baraza,
 Disseminate to all levels of county health teams
 Eg at workshops, or other venues
2/1/2021
F.F.A.Hawa
(
Mrs
)
21

22. community health action
The community is mobilized to priorities and take action on health problems
which were identified during the community diagnosis;
Interventions include:
i. Creating awareness through health education on issues such as
prevention of Communicable diseases and child spacing
ii. Action such as : Environmental clean up exercises- clearing bushes to
remove mosquito breeding places
2/1/2021
F.F.A.Hawa
(
Mrs
)
22