This document summarizes research conducted in Uganda to improve health sector funding and accountability. Surveys found frequent stock-outs of essential malaria and antibiotic drugs in health clinics due to funding gaps, shortages, and procurement challenges. A separate survey of 9 districts found a lack of financial transparency and accountability, as well as distrust between civil society organizations and district leaders. However, the research resulted in increased health sector funding, a priority on essential medicines, and district plans to improve accountability. Advocacy efforts must frame issues in policy contexts and have clear targets, disseminate findings widely through partnerships, and continue follow-up efforts to create impact.