This document describes the development of a standardized toolkit for evaluating the impact of HIV/AIDS programming on children in Africa funded by PEPFAR (President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief). It details the process of identifying core indicators, developing survey tools for children and caregivers, piloting the tools, and finalizing them along with implementation guidance. The goal is to produce comparable data across interventions to inform programs and enable evidence-based decision making. The standardized toolkit includes questionnaires, manuals, analytical guidance, and other resources to evaluate PEPFAR's progress in caring for orphans and vulnerable children.
Review the Effectiveness of Community-based Primary Health Care in Improving ...CORE Group
Review the Effectiveness of Community-based Primary Health Care in Improving Child and Maternal Health: Leveraging Results for Advocacy HENRY PERRY and PAUL FREEMAN
This presentation gives an outline on:
- identifying what data are needed to characterize the nutrition situation
- tracking progress in policies and programs at global, regional, and country level
- becoming familiar with common data sources for obtaining nutrition indicators
- identifying priority information gaps for nutrition measurement in the West Africa Region
This presentation captures how nutrition has changed in Burkina over time, by not only assessing nutrition relevant data,
programs and policies, but also on capturing experiential learning from those doing nutrition relevant
work in the region
•
Understand How Burkina Faso has created an enabling environment allowing for positive and sustained
change
•
Identify how multi sectoral nutrition relevant policies and programs are designed and implemented in
different contexts, what has worked well, what has not, why, and how Burkina Faso can share experiences
and approaches
•
Frame a constructive discussion in mobilizing future actions and commitments
• Use stories and storytelling to cut through complexity and engage audiences
Regional Systematic Map to guide decision-making on the current landscape of ...TransformNutritionWe
A new study by Transform Nutrition West Africa identifies the trends and gaps in research that cover the World Health Assembly indicators across West Africa. These are potentially valuable insights for nutrition decision makers in the region. This presentation is to be used as a freely accessible resource for decision-makers at all levels.
Review the Effectiveness of Community-based Primary Health Care in Improving ...CORE Group
Review the Effectiveness of Community-based Primary Health Care in Improving Child and Maternal Health: Leveraging Results for Advocacy HENRY PERRY and PAUL FREEMAN
This presentation gives an outline on:
- identifying what data are needed to characterize the nutrition situation
- tracking progress in policies and programs at global, regional, and country level
- becoming familiar with common data sources for obtaining nutrition indicators
- identifying priority information gaps for nutrition measurement in the West Africa Region
This presentation captures how nutrition has changed in Burkina over time, by not only assessing nutrition relevant data,
programs and policies, but also on capturing experiential learning from those doing nutrition relevant
work in the region
•
Understand How Burkina Faso has created an enabling environment allowing for positive and sustained
change
•
Identify how multi sectoral nutrition relevant policies and programs are designed and implemented in
different contexts, what has worked well, what has not, why, and how Burkina Faso can share experiences
and approaches
•
Frame a constructive discussion in mobilizing future actions and commitments
• Use stories and storytelling to cut through complexity and engage audiences
Regional Systematic Map to guide decision-making on the current landscape of ...TransformNutritionWe
A new study by Transform Nutrition West Africa identifies the trends and gaps in research that cover the World Health Assembly indicators across West Africa. These are potentially valuable insights for nutrition decision makers in the region. This presentation is to be used as a freely accessible resource for decision-makers at all levels.
Rasmi Avula, Phuong Nguyen, Purnima Menon
POLICY SEMINAR
Tackling child undernutrition at scale: Insights from national and subnational success cases
Co-Organized by IFPRI and Exemplars in Global Health
APR 1, 2021 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
Common vision mn def march 29 2019 sam scottPOSHAN
Micronutrient Deficiencies group presentation - IFPRI-NITI workshop on "A Common Vision for Tackling Malnutrition in India: Building on Data, Evidence and Expert Opinion" - 29-30 March 2019
Overweight, obesity & NCDs group presentation - IFPRI-NITI workshop on "A Common Vision for Tackling Malnutrition in India: Building on Data, Evidence and Expert Opinion" - 29-30 March 2019
Dr. Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Emily Keats & Team
POLICY SEMINAR
Tackling child undernutrition at scale: Insights from national and subnational success cases
Co-Organized by IFPRI and Exemplars in Global Health
APR 1, 2021 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
Common vision outline of output maternal nutrition march 30 2019POSHAN
Maternal Nutrition group presentation - IFPRI-NITI workshop on "A Common Vision for Tackling Malnutrition in India: Building on Data, Evidence and Expert Opinion" - 29-30 March 2019
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Madhubani_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Bhadrak_OdishaPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Patna_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Vaishali_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Balesore_OdishaPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
Common vision child undernutrition march 29 2019POSHAN
Child Undernutrition group presentation - workshop on "A Common Vision for Tackling Malnutrition in India: Building on Data, Evidence and Expert Opinion" - 29-30 March 2019
A tool to assess gaps in district-level coverage of nutrition interventions i...POSHAN
This presentation was made by Dr. Sumathi Swaminathan and Mr. Jithin Sam Varghese (St. John’s Research Institute) in the session on 'Assessing coverage and performance of nutrition interventions: Research experiences from across India' at POSHAN's "Delivering for Nutrition in India - Learnings from Implementation Research" conference, November 9–10, 2016 , New Delhi.
Evaluating Impact of OVC Programs: Standardizing our methodsMEASURE Evaluation
Jen Chapman presents on the Orphans and Vulnerable Children Program Evaluation Tool Kit, which supports PEPFAR-funded programs and helps fulfill the aims presented in the USAID Evaluation Policy.
Rasmi Avula, Phuong Nguyen, Purnima Menon
POLICY SEMINAR
Tackling child undernutrition at scale: Insights from national and subnational success cases
Co-Organized by IFPRI and Exemplars in Global Health
APR 1, 2021 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
Common vision mn def march 29 2019 sam scottPOSHAN
Micronutrient Deficiencies group presentation - IFPRI-NITI workshop on "A Common Vision for Tackling Malnutrition in India: Building on Data, Evidence and Expert Opinion" - 29-30 March 2019
Overweight, obesity & NCDs group presentation - IFPRI-NITI workshop on "A Common Vision for Tackling Malnutrition in India: Building on Data, Evidence and Expert Opinion" - 29-30 March 2019
Dr. Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Emily Keats & Team
POLICY SEMINAR
Tackling child undernutrition at scale: Insights from national and subnational success cases
Co-Organized by IFPRI and Exemplars in Global Health
APR 1, 2021 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
Common vision outline of output maternal nutrition march 30 2019POSHAN
Maternal Nutrition group presentation - IFPRI-NITI workshop on "A Common Vision for Tackling Malnutrition in India: Building on Data, Evidence and Expert Opinion" - 29-30 March 2019
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Madhubani_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Bhadrak_OdishaPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Patna_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Vaishali_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Balesore_OdishaPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
Common vision child undernutrition march 29 2019POSHAN
Child Undernutrition group presentation - workshop on "A Common Vision for Tackling Malnutrition in India: Building on Data, Evidence and Expert Opinion" - 29-30 March 2019
A tool to assess gaps in district-level coverage of nutrition interventions i...POSHAN
This presentation was made by Dr. Sumathi Swaminathan and Mr. Jithin Sam Varghese (St. John’s Research Institute) in the session on 'Assessing coverage and performance of nutrition interventions: Research experiences from across India' at POSHAN's "Delivering for Nutrition in India - Learnings from Implementation Research" conference, November 9–10, 2016 , New Delhi.
Evaluating Impact of OVC Programs: Standardizing our methodsMEASURE Evaluation
Jen Chapman presents on the Orphans and Vulnerable Children Program Evaluation Tool Kit, which supports PEPFAR-funded programs and helps fulfill the aims presented in the USAID Evaluation Policy.
We would like to tell you about NutriSTEP®. This work has been led by dietitian researchers from the Sudbury & District Health Unit Public Health, Research, Education & Development (PHRED) program, NRC and the University of Guelph, Dr Heather Keller and Dr Janis Randall Simpson.
As of spring 2007, NutriSTEP® has been a program of the Nutrition Resource Centre of the Ontario Public Health Association.
NutriSTEP® is of interest to a number of programs and agencies that service young children and their families.
Implementing NutriSTEP® in Ontario - Success Stories, Lessons Learned and Nex...Nutrition Resource Centre
This presentation will briefly cover what is nutrition screening and the ethical issues around screening for nutritional risk in young children.
In addition to this brief introduction, we will have a number of dietitians present the implementation and evaluation of NutriSTEP in their communities as well as in other communities using similar models. A brief summary of the provincial process evaluation results will be reviewed and then we will wrap up with some of the other activities and next steps in the NutriSTEP Program. We will conclude with a 20-30 minute discussion period for a Q&A Period.
The NutriSTEP questionnaire targets The child’s parent or primary caregiver—the person who is most knowledgeable about the child’s eating and other health habits.
It is a paper and pencil questionnaire with 17 questions covering the four constructs of nutrition risk for this age group. These are:
Physical growth and weight concerns
Food and fluid intake
Physical activity and screen time
Factors affecting food intake (food security; and the psychosocial feeding environment)
A review of the evidence: School-based Interventions to Address Obesity Preve...Health Evidence™
Health Evidence hosted a 90 minute webinar, funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (KTB-112487), on School-based Interventions to Address Obesity Prevention in Children 6-12 Years of Age presenting key messages, and implications for practice on Thursday, November 22nd, 2012 at 1:00 pm EST.
Kara DeCorby, Managing Director and Knowledge Broker for Health Evidence, lead the webinar, which included interactive discussion with Julie Charlebois and Paula Waddell, the authors of this review.
This webinar focused on interpreting the evidence in the following review:
Charlebois, J., Gowrinathan, Y., & Waddell, P. (2012). A Review of the Evidence: School-based Interventions to Address Obesity Prevention in Children 6-12 Years of Age. Toronto Public Health. Toronto, Ontario. (http://health-evidence.ca/documents/Final Report Sept 24-12.pdf)
Interventions for preventing elder abuse: What's the evidence?Health Evidence™
Health Evidence hosted a 90 minute webinar examining the effectiveness of interventions for preventing elder abuse.
Philip Baker, Australia Regional Director APACPH, School of Public Health and Social Work Queensland University of Technology led the session and presented findings from their review:
Baker PRA, Francis DP, Hairi NN, Othman S, Choo WY. (2016). Interventions for preventing abuse in the elderly. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016, CD010321
http://www.healthevidence.org/view-article.aspx?a=interventions-preventing-abuse-elderly-29428
Many older adults experience some form of abuse (psychological, physical, and sexual) that often goes unreported. Elder abuse is associated with morbidity and premature mortality. This review examines the effectiveness of interventions for preventing elder abuse in the home, institutions and community settings. Findings of the review suggest there is uncertainty in the effectiveness of educational interventions to improve knowledge of caregivers about elder abuse and uncertainty on its effect of reducing abuse. This webinar will examine the effectiveness and components of interventions that prevent elder abuse.
Similar to A Toolkit for Evaluating the Impact of HIV/AIDS Programming on Children in Africa (20)
Managing missing values in routinely reported data: One approach from the Dem...MEASURE Evaluation
This Data for Impact webinar was held in December 2020. Access the recording and learn more at https://www.data4impactproject.org/resources/webinars/managing-missing-values-in-routinely-reported-data-one-approach-from-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo/
This Data for Impact webinar took place October 29, 2020. Learn more at https://www.data4impactproject.org/resources/webinars/use-of-routine-data-for-economic-evaluations/
Data for Impact hosted a one-hour webinar sharing guidance for using routine data in evaluations. More: https://www.data4impactproject.org/resources/webinars/routine-data-use-in-evaluation-practical-guidance/
Lessons learned in using process tracing for evaluationMEASURE Evaluation
Access the recording for this Data for Impact (D4I) webinar at https://www.data4impactproject.org/lessons-learned-in-using-process-tracing-for-evaluation/
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
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The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
A Toolkit for Evaluating the Impact of HIV/AIDS Programming on Children in Africa
1. A Toolkit for
Evaluating the
Impact of HIV/AIDS
Programming on
Children in Africa
Jenifer Chapman, PhD
MEASURE Evaluation/Futures
Group
2. Stepping back for a minute
HIV/AIDS Programming = President’s Plan for
AIDS RELIEF (PEFPAR)
Interagency effort
Introduced by President Bush in 2003
Largest Commitment in history by any nation
to combat a single disease
Reauthorized in 2008 for $48 billion
3. PEPFAR I and II
First phase of PEPFAR (2003-2008) focus on
emergency response—program reviews, simple
evaluations, operations research
Second phase of PEPFAR (2009-2013) focus on
sustainability, better attribution, program
outcomes and impact
4. PEPFAR Mission & Goal (OVC)
Mission: To mitigate the social, emotional and
economic impacts of HIV/AIDS on children and to
reduce their risk and vulnerability while
increasing their resilience
A goal: To care for 5 million orphans and
vulnerable children
10% funding earmark for OVC
5. What is an “OVC”?
A child infected or affected by HIV
And what does that really mean?
PEPFAR 1 vs. PEPFAR 2
And how do we “care” for them?
6. Guidance!
6+1 areas of
programming
Health, Education,
PSS, Protection,
Food & Nutrition,
Shelter & Care, HES
8. OVC Programs, under PEPFAR, aim to:
Improve the wellbeing of children and families
Strengthen families as primary caregivers of children
Support the capacity of communities to create
protective, caring environments
Build the capacity of social service systems to protect
the most vulnerable
9. Implementation
Community-based programs
Focus: case management (social work)
Home-visiting by community based volunteers
(beneficiaries are targeted)
Community-wide interventions (HES, Kids Clubs)
6+1 domains of programming (health, PSS, etc.)
Referral networks
10. Evaluating PEPFAR’s contribution
Reviews of the OVC portfolio found that despite
great investment, we know little about impact and
“what works”
11. Not so long ago…
Few evaluations conducted at program level
Outcomes monitoring at case management level
(good, but led to problems in evaluation practice)
Studies carried out were challenged:
Tool misuse, low data quality, inadequate
measurement and poor choice of constructs, no
comparability of measures, unethical practices
Poor availability of information for decision making
The State of Evaluation Practice was:
13. The purpose
Standardize population-level child and caregiver wellbeing data beyond what is available from routine
surveys
Produce actionable data to inform programs and
enable mid-course corrections
Enable comparative assessments of child and
caregiver well-being and household economic status
across a diverse set of interventions and regions
14. But what do we measure?
Developing country
context
15.
16. Focus on PEPFAR OVC programs
Indicators need to reflect
& be amenable to change
by PEPFAR program
intervention
HH interventions led by
home visitors
Community interventions
Low direct funding per
target, focus on linkages
Often inadequate
services in vicinity
17. Who are these tools for?
Local and international
research institutions
and other implementing
organizations with
evaluation agenda
USAID Forward –
supporting local
researchers
18. So, where to start…
Two step, participatory process:
Build consensus around core impact indicators for
PEPFAR-funded OVC programs
Develop OVC program evaluation (survey) tools
19. Distilling the core indicators
Our starting point: 6+1 domains of PEPFAR OVC
programming
Step 1: Extensive literature search
Step 2: Gaps (HES, PSS) filled through targeted
research
Result: >600 child/HH wellbeing
questions/indicators
Step 3: Analysis against 8 criteria
Result: shorter list of questions for discussion
19
20. Inclusion criteria
1. Measures impact/outcomes
2. Amenable to change from program interventions
3. Relevant across a wide range of interventions
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
20
Contributes to a holistic vision of child wellbeing
Verifiable through another source
Easy to implement
Relevant across different regions / countries
Relevant or easily adapted across age and sex
21. Finalizing the core indicators
External working group: solicited review from 49
stakeholders
Finalized core set of 12 child and 3 household
measures
21
22. Developing the tools
Tools drafted with
strong stakeholder input
Draft tools piloted in
Zambia and Nigeria
Cognitive interviews to
test key concepts (e.g.
social support)
Household pre-test of
full tools, procedures
23. Structure and content
1. Caregiver questionnaire (including questions on
household)
2. Child questionnaire (ages 0-9 years),
administered to caregiver
3. Child questionnaire (ages 10-17), administered
to child with parental consent & child assent
24.
25.
26. Caregiver questionnaire
Sections
Core questions
Section 1: Household
schedule
•
•
Household schedule* (10)
Changes in household
composition (4)
Section 2: Background
Information on Caregiver
and Household
•
•
•
•
Demographic information* (7)
Work* (3)
Access to money (3)
Shelter (1)
•
Section 3: Food Security
•
Household food security (6)
•
Section 4: Caregiver Wellbeing and Attitudes
•
•
•
General health (2)
Caregiver support (4)
Parental self-efficacy (1)
•
Basic HIV/AIDS knowledge* (7)
HIV testing* (3)
Attitudes to condom educ (1)
•
Section 5: HIV/AIDS Testing, •
Knowledge, Attitudes
•
•
Section 6: Access to HIV
Prevention, Care & Support
*DHS, bold=core indicator
•
Household access to services
(1)
Optional modules
•
•
Household Economic Status
(forthcoming)
Progress out of Poverty
Index or similar (country
specific)
Dietary Diversity (1)
Perceptions and experience
of child discipline, violent
discipline (forthcoming)
Gender roles and
decisionmaking power* (9)
HIV/AIDS attitudes* (4)
27. Child questionnaire (ages 0-9)
Sections
Core questions
Optional modules
Section 1: Child Health and
Welfare
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Confirm demographics (5)
General health & disability (4)
Birth certificate (2)
Vaccinations (11)
Fever (<5 years)* (1)
Diarrhea (<5 years)* (1)
Experience of neglect (2)
Slept under mosquito net* (1)
HIV testing experience* (2)
•
•
•
Section 2: Education and
Work
•
Section 3: Food
Consumption
Section 4: Access to HIV
Prevention, Care & Support
•
School attendance*,
progression/repeats, drop-outs,
missed school days (5+ years) (9)
Work for wages (2)
Early childhood stimulation (2)
Food consumption (2+ years) (8)
•
Child access to services (1)
Section 5: Anthropometric
Measures (of Children)
•
Weight*, Height*, MUAC
•
•
*DHS, bold=core indicator
•
Fever: extended* (4)
Diarrhea: extended* (3)
Health for children
living with HIV/AIDS
(forthcoming)
Dietary diversity (1)
28. Child questionnaire (ages 10-17)
Sections
Core questions
Section 1: Background
Information on Child
Section 2: Diary
Section 3: Education
•
•
•
•
Section 4: Chores & Work
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Confirm demographics* (5)
Identity of caregiver (1)
Daily log (6)
School attendance*,
progression/repeats, dropouts (9)
Chores (3)
Work (7)
Food consumption (8)
Alcohol consumption (3)
Birth certificate (2)
General health & disability (3)
General support (4)
•
•
Basic HIV/AIDS knowledge* (7) •
HIV testing * (3)
•
Section 8: Sexual Experience
Section 9: Access to HIV
•
Prevention, Care & Support
Section 10: Anthropometric
•
Measures: Weight and Height
•
Section 5: Food & Alcohol
Consumption
Section 6: Health, Support &
Protection
Section 7: HIV Testing,
Knowledge, and Attitudes
Child access to services (1)
Weight, Height, MUAC
Optional modules
•
Dietary diversity (1)
•
Health for children living with
HIV/AIDS (forthcoming)
Perceptions/experience of
violence (forthcoming)
Child development knowledge (6)
HIV/AIDS attitudes and beliefs (4)
•
Sexual behavior (13-17 yrs) (5)
29. Lessons from piloting
Access to money
Social support (and PSS generally)
The importance of validating translations and
pre-testing
Addressing child headed households
30. You said a toolkit?
Tools & Manual
Template protocol with
consent/assent forms
Methodological guidance
Data analysis guide
Data collector training
manual and materials
31. Now….
Evaluation and data use are high on the agenda
We have standardized tools/measures and
guidance for evaluating OVC
programs/interventions with global buy-in
Tools misuse is being corrected
More information available for decision making
The State of Evaluation Practice is:
32. Where can I find out more?
Go to our website:
http://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure/
our-work/ovc
Keep in touch on ChildStatusNet:
http://childstatus.net/
Email:
Jenifer Chapman:
jchapman@futuresgroup.com
Janet Shriberg: jshriberg@usaid.gov
33. The research presented here has been supported by the
President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)
through the United States Agency for International
Development (USAID) under the terms of MEASURE
Evaluation cooperative agreement GHA-A-00-08-0000300. Views expressed are not necessarily those of
PEPFAR, USAID or the United States government.
MEASURE Evaluation is implemented by the Carolina
Population Center at the University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill in partnership with Futures Group, ICF
International, John Snow, Inc., Management Sciences for
Health, and Tulane University.
{"27":"I wouldn’t read through these if only 15 mins\n","28":"I wouldn’t read through these if only 15 mins\n","7":"PURPOSE OF SLIDE: To show a diagram of the social-ecological model emphasizing the different levels that OVC programming can impact to improve child and family wellbeing.\nNOTES:\nThe PEPFAR approach to children in the epidemic is based on a social-ecological model that considers the child, family, community and country contexts and recognizes the unique yet interdependent contributions of actors at all levels of society to the well-being of children affected by HIV/AIDS. \n \nThis version is an AIDS-sensitive version that considers the ultimate goal at each level of society in achieving an AIDS free generation.\n \nIt also seeks to emphasize that Families are the first line of support and defense for children. And that Even in the most resource-deprived settings, families and communities have critically important strengths. This should be recognized by programs and built upon to achieve the best outcomes for vulnerable children affected by AIDS. \n","2":"PEPFAR, originally introduced in 2003 by then-President George W. Bush, remains the largest commitment in history by any nation to combat a single disease. In 2008, PEPFAR was reauthorized for $48 billion over five years (2009 to 2013), with the goals of preventing 12 million new infections; treating 3 million people living with AIDS and caring for 12 million people, including 5 million orphans and vulnerable children. The Reauthorization Act seeks to transition the U.S. response from an emergency approach to a focus on sustainability, including health system strengthening and partnership building. The legislation allows the program to serve as a platform for expanded responses to a broader range of global health needs. The Act also supports the availability and accessibility of female condoms. \n \n","30":"I could elaborate on any of these if time allows\n","8":"PEPFAR and OVC\n-10% earmark for children made vulnerable by HIV and AIDS\n-falls under Care and Support \n--focuses on the social and emotional consequences and important responses to epidemic\n--updated our guidance in 2012: based in ecological model and care and protection for children emphasizing\nStrengthen families as primary caregivers of children;\nSupport the capacity of communities to create protective and caring environments;\nBuild the capacity of social service systems to protect the most vulnerable; and\nAllocate resources for children according to need in the context of HIV/AIDS by integration with the broader PEPFAR platform and response\n","3":"In the first phase of PEPFAR, activities were more of an emergency nature with the goal of using available interventions to reduce mortality and alleviate suffering from HIV disease as quickly and effectively as possible. \nMany lessons have been learned through examination of programs, including simple evaluations and operations research. \n \nAs would be expected in an emergency context state-of-the-art monitoring, evaluation, and research methodologies were not fully integrated or systematically performed.\nIn its second phase of PEPFAR-, emphasis on sustainability, programs must demonstrate value and impact to be prioritized within complex and resource-constrained environments. \nNow there is a greater demand to causally attribute outcomes to programs. Better attribution can be used to inform midcourse corrections in the scale-up of new interventions or to re- evaluate investments in programs for which impact is less clear.\n","9":"Change model\n","26":"I wouldn’t read through these if only 15 mins\n"}