Communication disorders impair an individual's ability to effectively communicate through language and/or speech. They can range from mild to severe and may be developmental or acquired. Common types include language disorders which involve difficulties with phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics or pragmatics. Speech disorders involve problems with articulation, voice, or fluency. While communication differences are not disorders, they reflect regional variations in language use.
Significance of phonological awareness for the learners with special needsFarheen Anis
Phonological awareness is the area of oral language that relates to the ability to think about the sounds in a word (the word’s phonological structure) rather than just the meaning of the word.
Significance of phonological awareness for the learners with special needsFarheen Anis
Phonological awareness is the area of oral language that relates to the ability to think about the sounds in a word (the word’s phonological structure) rather than just the meaning of the word.
Language Development is actually an innate capability of a person to learn language. This theory was actually proposed by Noam Chomsky. This presentation includes a small chapter regarding the language development and various theories behind it.
Slides to accompany RALLI video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nGuO1cL4gHQ
For references go to: http://www.slideshare.net/RALLICampaign/cn-slcn-17230953
Language
Language development
Theories of language development
components of language development
influences on language development
Note: All the content is adapted from AIOU Course Code 8610-Human learning and development
ROLE OF LANGUAGE IN CHILDREN’S INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING YasinKhan62
Introduction
Language is the ability to communicate with others. There are significant
differences between the understanding of language and speech. Language includes
all forms of communication, whether expressed orally, written, used signs, gestures,
or facial expressions. While the speech is a spoken language that is the most
effective form of communication and considered most important and widely used.
Language development increases through the growth of the children.
Parents should always pay attention to these developments, since it will determine
the learning process. This can be done by giving a good example to motivate
children to learn and so forth. Parents are greatly responsible for the success of
children’ learning and should always strive to improve children's potential in order
to develop optimally.
Language is any form of communication in which a person's thoughts and
feelings symbolized in order to convey meaning to others. Furthermore, language
development starts from the first cry until a child is able to speak a word.
Language Development is actually an innate capability of a person to learn language. This theory was actually proposed by Noam Chomsky. This presentation includes a small chapter regarding the language development and various theories behind it.
Slides to accompany RALLI video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nGuO1cL4gHQ
For references go to: http://www.slideshare.net/RALLICampaign/cn-slcn-17230953
Language
Language development
Theories of language development
components of language development
influences on language development
Note: All the content is adapted from AIOU Course Code 8610-Human learning and development
ROLE OF LANGUAGE IN CHILDREN’S INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING YasinKhan62
Introduction
Language is the ability to communicate with others. There are significant
differences between the understanding of language and speech. Language includes
all forms of communication, whether expressed orally, written, used signs, gestures,
or facial expressions. While the speech is a spoken language that is the most
effective form of communication and considered most important and widely used.
Language development increases through the growth of the children.
Parents should always pay attention to these developments, since it will determine
the learning process. This can be done by giving a good example to motivate
children to learn and so forth. Parents are greatly responsible for the success of
children’ learning and should always strive to improve children's potential in order
to develop optimally.
Language is any form of communication in which a person's thoughts and
feelings symbolized in order to convey meaning to others. Furthermore, language
development starts from the first cry until a child is able to speak a word.
A Guide To Creating Curiosity Gaps In Social MediaGermano Silveira
One of the most powerful techniques for boosting clicks on your content and growing your readership is by utilizing the Curiosity Gap.
The Curiosity Gap is a technique where you supply readers with just enough info about your content to hook their interest, while withholding key information. It creates a strong desire within readers to click on your link and obtain the missing info by reading your content.
In this guide, I discuss:
- The theories and strategies involved in creating Curiosity Gaps from your content
- How to avoid creating cheap click-bait
- Provide 10 templates/techniques for creating Curiosity Gaps
- And Provide 20 examples of effective Curiosity Gaps
Learn more about this powerful technique!
10 Insightful Quotes On Designing A Better Customer ExperienceYuan Wang
In an ever-changing landscape of one digital disruption after another, companies and organisations are looking for new ways to understand their target markets and engage them better. Increasingly they invest in user experience (UX) and customer experience design (CX) capabilities by working with a specialist UX agency or developing their own UX lab. Some UX practitioners are touting leaner and faster ways of developing customer-centric products and services, via methodologies such as guerilla research, rapid prototyping and Agile UX. Others seek innovation and fulfilment by spending more time in research, being more inclusive, and designing for social goods.
Experience is more than just an interface. It is a relationship, as well as a series of touch points between your brand and your customer. Here are our top 10 highlights and takeaways from the recent UX Australia conference to help you transform your customer experience design.
For full article, continue reading at https://yump.com.au/10-ways-supercharge-customer-experience-design/
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
1. Communication Disorders
Definition
Communication disorders are:
• Disorders of language and or speech.
• Impairs the ability to communicate effectively.
Communication is the transfer of information [ideas, facts, feelings & desires] and requires a sender and
a receiver
Communication involves encoding [sending the message in an understandable form], and decoding
[receiving and understanding the message]. Language and speech are tools used for communication.
A communication disorder is an impairment in the ability to receive, send, process, and comprehend
concepts or verbal, nonverbal and graphic symbol systems [The American Speech-Language- Hearing
Association, 1993]
• A communication disorder may range from mild to severe.
• It may be developmental or acquired
• An individual can have one or several kinds of communication disorders.
Language is communicated through an arbitrary system of symbols. These symbols are governed by
certain predetermined rules that determine meaning.
- House [English]
- Casa [Spanish]
- Maison [French]
- Hus [Danish]
- Haus [German]
Communication differences: A communication difference is not a disorder. These are related to dialect
and the variations of a symbol system used by a group of individuals that reflects and is determined by
shared regional, social, or cultural/ethnic factors. For example,
- The houses [English]
- De ouse dem [patois]
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2. - The boys [English]
- De bwoy dem[patois]
Communication Disorders and Language
Language disorders: Difficulty in understanding and or using language whether spoken, written or as
symbol systems. Language has five components; these are phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics
and pragmatics. Language disorders can be demonstrated as problems in one or more of the following
components of language:
• Phonology- governs speech sounds. Is concerned with how individual sounds make up words
e.g. /b/e/t/ and /b/e/g/
• Morphology- governs the organization of words. How adding or deleting parts of words change
their meaning e.g. verb tense, suffixes, plurals [sit/sat; uncooked/cooked, pen/pens]
• Syntax – governs how words join together to make meaningful sentence; relates to grammar
e.g. We went to the party last week.
• Semantics –governs the meaning attached to words and sentences e.g. Cats eat mice.
The panda eats, shoots and leaves [what’s right & wrong here?]
• Pragmatics – governs the social use of language. Focus is on functional use rather than on
mechanics
Communication Disorders and Speech
Speech disorders: Difficulty in the articulation of speech sounds, fluency, and or voice
• Articulation –atypical production of speech sounds characterized by omissions, substitutions,
additions, distortions that may interfere with intelligibility
• Fluency- an interruption in the flow of speaking results in atypical rate, rhythm & repetition of
sounds, syllables, words and phrases
• Voice – abnormal production and or absence of voice quality, pitch, loudness, resonance and or
duration which is inappropriate for an individual’s age and or sex
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3. Types of language disorders:
- Phonological disorders: These include the omitting, distortion or substitution of sounds in words
e.g. boo for blue, pot for put, tee for teeth, wubba for rubber. Maybe unable to identify the
three phonemes in the word ‘dog’
- Morphological and Syntactical disorders: These tend to occur together. May have problems with
using suffixes e.g. making plural by adding ‘s’ or present continuous tense by adding íng’ or
difficulty making the past tense e.g. hided instead of hid, bided instead of bought goed instead
of went or difficulty with making contractions, also may leave out important grammatical
markers [a, an, the]
- Semantic disorders: The child may have difficulty in learning or remembering new words, or
using new words appropriately. May have difficulty in making sense of stories, or retelling it so
that it makes sense to the listener.
- Pragmatic disorders: The child might not understand how to use language in social situations.
Might say something offensive or inappropriate e.g. “You sure are fat!”
Communication and noise
Physical noise: Interference that both the speaker and the listener may experience. Physical noise
affects the message being transmitted e.g. passing cars or planes, horns, children
Physiological noise: Physical barriers within the speaker or the listener e.g. hearing loss, articulation
problems.
Psychological noise: Cognitive or mental interference e.g. biases and prejudices, anger, hate.
Semantic noise: Assignment of different meanings by speaker and listener e.g. people speaking different
languages, use of jargons
Attributes of language:
- A shared system of verbal symbols and rules (James, 1990)
- Language is learned
- Language is a rule governed symbol system for communicating meaning through a shared code
of arbitrary symbols (Kuder 1997)
Properties of language:
- Language is arbitrary
- Language is human
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4. - Language is hierarchic
- Language changes to outwit change
- Language is embedded in gestures
- Language is culturally transmitted
The required competencies for learning language:
• Phonological development – understanding phonemes, the smallest unit of sound that
distinguish meaning.
• Morphological development – understanding the smallest unit of meaning in a language.
• Syntactic development- understanding the rules that govern how words are combined
• Semantic development- understanding the meanings of words in a language
• Pragmatic development- understanding when and how to use language
The components of language: Language has three components
1. Form: This includes morphology, phonology and syntax.
Morphology: governs word formation. Morphemes show the infinite possibilities of a language –
e.g. by adding affixes to words thousands of new words can be created from root words.
Morphemes can be free [I and a]or bound [ed, s, es]
Phonology: governs the sounds and their combinations in words signalling a difference in
meaning between e.g. bat and pat
Syntax: governs word order and sentence construction e.g. My mother is picking up me today.
2. Content: Semantics: the meaning of words and involves understanding language [receptive]as
well as the appropriate choice of language to transfer meaning [expressive]
3. Use: Pragmatics: the appropriate social use of language. Pragmatics is knowing what to say,
and how to say it in accordance with social norms.
Speech
4
5. • Speech is the physical production of sound to communicate meaning through the
neuromuscular control of the structures of the vocal tract (McLaughlin 1998)
• Speech can be said to be the coordination of respiration, phonation, resonation and articulation
• Speech can be considered an overlaid function because it uses the same structures used for
breathing.
The speech process involves:
Respiration – the air stream, the lungs, and air passages are involved.
Phonation – the sound source and involves vibration of the vocal folds.
Resonation – provided by the mouth, nose and throat. These modify the phonemes as they pass
through the structures.
Articulation – provided by the structures of the teeth, lips, tongue and palate. These form the
phonemes.
Speech production: Speech is produced when the lungs pushes air out of the body through the mouth
and sometimes the nose. The air stream from the lungs passes through the windpipe, larynx and mouth
and is modified as it connects with the palate, tongue, teeth, jaw and lips.
5
6. Speech disorders: when speech is sufficiently deviant from normal that it attracts attention and
adversely affect communication.
Speech disorders include:
-errors of speech production or usage [articulation]
-abnormalities in pitch, intensity and quality [voice]
-deviation in the flow of utterances [fluency]
Articulation disorders: Represent the largest category of all speech disorders. Articulation disorders are
characterized by abnormality in the speech-sound production process; resulting in inaccurate execution
of the speaking act.
Articulation disorders include:
-omissions [teet for teeth; im for him]
- additions [filim for film; Simit for Smith; cremination for cremation]
- substitutions [chuck for truck; zink for sink; jinks for drinks]
-distortions[swimps for shrimps; free for three]
Voice disorders: Characteristics of voice disorders include problems with: pitch, loudness and quality.
Voice disorders involve unusual or abnormal acoustical qualities in speech. Characteristics of an
unpleasant voice include a voice that is:
-harsh -too loud
-too gravely -too soft
- high pitched - too rough
Fluency disorders: these are disorders that affect the rate of speech.
Fluency disorders include:
- Cluttering: characterized by speech that is too rapid, disorganized and occasionally filled with
unnecessary words or unrelated insertions.
- Stuttering: characterized by a flow of speech that is abnormally interrupted by repetitions,
blocking, or prolongation of sounds, syllables, words, or phrases.
6
7. Prevalence:
A high frequency disorder but establishing a prevalence of Communication Disorder is difficult because
they are varied, difficult to identify and may occur as part of another disability [ID, TBI, LD, autism]
10%-15% of preschool children and 6% of primary and secondary age children have a speech disorder
2%-3% of preschool children and 1% of school-age population have a language disorder.
Educational considerations:
The main considerations are:
1. Facilitate the social use of language.
2. Ask many questions and encourage students to answer in full sentences.
3. Encourage students to ask their own questions.
4. Teach literacy – develop a strong reading and writing programme to develop language in the
classroom. Develop both receptive (listening and reading) and expressive (speaking and writing).
To Recap: What are communication disorders?
• Communication disorders are disorders that affect a person’s ability to understand, and or use
language and or speech.
• Language disorders involve problems with:
-Form [phonology, morphology & syntax]
-Content [semantics]
-Use [pragmatics]
• Speech disorders involve problems with:
-Articulation [errors in speech, its production & usage]
-Voice [pitch, intensity and quality]
7