This document discusses various speech, language, swallowing, and hearing disorders and the coordination required for proper development in these areas. It describes disorders like speech sound disorders, fluency disorders, voice disorders, language disorders, hearing impairments, and swallowing disorders. The document also lists professionals that speech-language pathologists collaborate with and references for further information.

1. Celebrate Better Hearing and Speech
Month
TxTeam partnered with Frederick Memorial
Hospital
May 2010

2. American Speech-Language-Hearing
Association consist of:
 Speech-Language
Pathologists assess,
diagnose, treat, and
help to prevent
disorders related to
speech, language,
cognitive-
communication, voice,
swallowing, and fluency
to individuals of all
ages.
 Audiologists work with
people who have
hearing, balance, and
related ear problems.
They examine
individuals of all ages
and identify those with
the symptoms of
hearing loss and other
auditory, balance, and
related sensory and
neural problems.

3. Speech Sound
Development:
Three muscle areas must demonstrate proper
coordination to produce accurate speech sounds.
Articulators
Lips Tongue Jaw

4. Fluency Development:
Three subsystems must demonstrate proper coordination to
produce fluent speech.
Respiration
PhonationArticulation

5. Voice Development:
The following subsystems must coordinate to function the human
voice properly.
Vocal Folds of
the Larynx
Articulators
Lungs/Respiratory
System

6. Language Development:
The following must coordinate properly to demonstrate adequate
Receptive, Expressive, Pragmatic language skills.
Physical- Sensory
Social- Behavior
Cognitive-Linguistic

7. Audiology and Hearing Development:
Proper hearing includes proper coordination of the outer, middle,
and inner ear.
Outer Ear
Middle EarInner Ear

8. Feeding and Swallowing
Development:
Proper feeding and swallowing must include the following
coordination.
Bite/
Chew
Masticating Food
Swallow

9. The
Disorders

10. Speech Sound Disorder : the disruption of the articulation
(speech –motor-control) and phonology development (language knowledge).
Speech sounds disorders can be seen in the following disorders noted below.
Cleft Palate
Dysarthria
Accent
Modification
Phonological
Processes
Articulation
Disorder
Apraxia of
Speech
In Adults
Orofacial
Myofunctional
Disorder
Childhood
Apraxia of
Speech
Speech Sound
Disorders

11. Fluency Disorder is a dysrhythmic flow of speech consisting of
various repetitions, prolongations, interjections, pauses, broken words,
revisions, and incomplete sentences. Fluency disorders can be found in
the following disorders.
ClutteringCluttering
AphasiasAphasias
DysarthriasDysarthrias
StutteringStuttering
Fluency
Disorders
Fluency
Disorders

12. Voice Disorder is a disturbance of pitch, loudness, or quality in
relation to an individual’s age, gender, and cultural background.
Voice Disorders
Quality Pitch Intensity
Shimmer:
rough or soft
Hoarsness
Harshness
Strain-strangled
Breathy
Glottal Fry
Jitter: tremor and
Hoarsness
Stridency
Falcetto
Vertilization

13. Related Voice Disorders
Resonance
Disorders
Transgender/
Transexual
Laryngeal
Cancer
Aphonia
Spasmodic
Dysphonia
Paradoxical
Vocal Fold
Movement
Vocal Cord
Paralysis
Vocal Cord
Nodules and
Polyps
Ventilator
Tracheostomy
Voice
Disorders

14. Language Disorder is the abnormal acquisition, comprehension, or
use of spoken or written language. This disorder may involve the aspects of
content, form, and use. Classifications of language disorders include:
• Comprehension
(receptive language)
• Language production
(expressive language)
• Semantics (meaning of
words)
• Morphology (grammar)
• Syntax (word order within
sentence structures)
• Pragmatics (use of
language in social contexts)
• Phonology (speech sound
system)

15. Attention Deficit/
Hyperactivity
Disorder
Language Based-
Learning Disability:
Dyslexia
Aphasias Dementia
Right Hemisphere
Brain Damage
Traumatic Brain
Injury
Autism Spectrum
Disorders
Language Disorders

16. Hearing Impairment
Conductive Hearing
Loss
Sensorineural
Hearing Loss
Mixed Hearing Loss
External Otitis
Otitis Media
Serous Otitis Media
Acute Otitis Media
Otosclerosis
Recruitment
Various Drug intake
Prolong noise
Ototoxic Drugs
Birth Defects
STORCH

17. Swallowing Disorder or Dysphagia involves the impaired
coordination of the oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal stages of
swallow.
• Patients will have difficulties with:
» Chewing the food
» Preparing it for swallow
» Initiating the swallow
» Propelling the bolus through the pharynx
» Passing the food through the esophagus

18. Signs of Swallowing Disorders
Pain/Dryness
When swallow
Throat clearing
Less enjoyment
Of eating or
drinking
Risk of Aspiration
Dehydration/poor
Nutrition
Weight loss
Recurring
Pneumonia or
Chest congestion
Food or liquid
Spillage from
mouth
Extra effort or
Time needed to
Chew or
swallow
Wet/Gurgly
Sound voice
During or after
eating
Coughing during
Or after eating
Signs/Symptoms

19. Speech-Language Pathologists also interact
with other disciplines:
• Dieticians
• Occupational
Therapists
• Physical Therapists
• Otolaryngologists
• Pediatricians
• Plastic Surgeons
• Neurosurgeons
• Audiologists
• Dentists
• Prosthodontists
• Psychologists
• Special and Regular
Education Teachers
• Radiologists
• Pulmonary Specialists
• Social Workers

20. References
• Roseberry-McKibbin, C. and Hegde, M.N. (2000). An Advance
Review of Speech- Language Pathology.
• Roth, Froma P., and Worthington, Colleen K. (2001). Treatment
Resource Manual for Speech-Language Pathology 2nd
Edition.
• Lahey, M., and Bloom, L. Language Development and Language
Disorders.

21. Contact Information
Frederick Memorial Hospital (FMH)
Rose Hill Rehabilitation-Outpatient Facility
Speech-Language Pathology Department
1562 Opossumtown Pike
Frederick, Maryland 21702
Phone Number: 240-566-3132