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The document discusses color representation in digital images. It describes how the human eye perceives color using rod and cone cells in the retina. There are three types of color receptors (red, green, blue) corresponding to the tristimulus theory of color vision. Color depth refers to the number of bits used to represent each color component, with 24-bit color allowing over 16 million colors. Indexed color reduces file size by storing a palette of colors and referencing indexes rather than full color values. Common color models like RGB, HSV, and CMYK are described along with their applications in computer monitors, imaging, and printing respectively.
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The document discusses color models including HLS and YIQ. It provides background on visible light wavelengths and introduces the YIQ and HLS color models. The YIQ model with Y for luminance, I for in-phase, and Q for quadrature was used in analog television to transmit color information using one signal. The HLS and HSV models represent color as Hue, Lightness/Value, and Saturation in a double hexagonal cone with white at the top and black at the bottom to better match human color perception compared to the RGB model. The models have applications in color selection, comparison, editing and image analysis.
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The RGB color model uses red, green, and blue light to represent almost any color and is used in computer monitors and graphics. It uses Cartesian coordinates with black at (0,0,0) and white at (1,1,1). The HSV color model represents colors in terms of hue, saturation, and value and uses a hexacone coordinate system. Hue varies from red to magenta, saturation varies from unsaturated to fully saturated, and value represents brightness from dark to light. Converting between RGB and HSV involves calculating the hue angle, saturation distance, and value height for RGB and using different conversion formulas depending on the color sector for HSV to RGB.
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This document discusses color image processing and various color models. It begins with an overview of color fundamentals, including the visible light spectrum and primary/secondary colors. It then describes several color models - RGB, CMY, and HSI. Conversion between these color spaces is also covered. The document also discusses pseudocolor image processing techniques like intensity slicing and gray level to color transformations. Finally, it covers full-color image processing, including treating each color component separately, color complements, and color image smoothing and segmentation in RGB space.
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Color fundamentals and color models - Digital Image Processing
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ABSTRACT
Steganographic techniques are generally used to maintain the confidentiality of
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especially over the internet. In this paper, Least Significant Bit LSB-based
Steganographic techniques is used to embed large of data in different color space
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The document discusses color image processing and color models. It describes how color is perceived by the human visual system through rods and cones in the retina. Various color models are examined, including RGB, CMY, HSV, YIQ, and YUV. Color models transform between different representations of color, such as representing a color by its hue, saturation, and intensity rather than red, green, and blue values.
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This document describes a technique for colorizing grayscale images by matching texture features between the grayscale image and windows in a color reference image. The technique works by first converting the images to the YCbCr color space, which has decorrelated color channels that allow color to be transferred without artifacts. Texture features like energy, entropy, homogeneity, contrast and correlation are then extracted from windows in the color image and compared to the grayscale image to find the best matching window. The mean and standard deviation of color values in the matching window are then imposed on pixels in the grayscale image to transfer color, while retaining the original luminance values. This process is repeated on small windows across the image to colorize the entire grayscale input.
Color-in-Digital-Image-Processing.pptx
1. There are two types of color image processing: pseudocolor processing which assigns colors to grayscale images, and full color processing which manipulates real color images.
2. The human visual system perceives color through photoreceptor cells (cones) in the retina that are sensitive to red, green, and blue wavelengths. Color images can be represented in various color spaces like RGB, HSI, CMYK.
3. Pseudocolor processing techniques include intensity slicing, color coding, and gray level to color transformations to visualize grayscale images. Full color processing involves operations on color components like color balancing, complement, slicing, smoothing and sharpening.
Color theorykareemebrahim
Knowing color theory allows users to work more effectively in graphic programs like Photoshop and Illustrator. Understanding basic color theory produces consistent results rather than achieving effects by accident. Color theory involves understanding how colors are created and how they relate to each other.
Colormodels
1. The document discusses various color models including RGB, CMY(K), HSV, HSL, and YIQ color models.
2. It describes the key components and properties of each color model such as hue, saturation, brightness. For example, RGB is an additive color model where primary colors are combined with light, while CMY(K) is a subtractive model used in printing.
3. Different color models have different applications based on their properties. For example, RGB is used for computer graphics and image processing while CMY(K) is used for printing and YIQ is used for television broadcasting.
lecture3 color representation in computer graphics(Computer graphics tutorials)
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image-pro.ppt
The document discusses color image processing and color models. It covers color fundamentals including the visible light spectrum and human color vision. It describes two common color models - RGB and HSI. RGB represents colors as combinations of red, green, and blue primary colors. HSI represents colors in terms of hue, saturation and intensity. The document explains how to convert between the RGB and HSI color models and provides examples of manipulating images by first converting to HSI, applying changes, and converting back to RGB. Pseudocolor processing is also introduced as a technique to assign colors to grayscale values.
Id3115321536
This document discusses color space transformations and analyzing image quality through different color spaces. It proposes transforming RGB color space values into other color spaces (XYZ, YIQ, YCbCr, L*a*b) and then analyzing images in the different color spaces to determine which provides better quality factors. The goal is to identify the best color space for image quality without relying solely on RGB, as some color spaces may be better suited for quality analysis than RGB. Statistical analysis of objective image quality measures will be used to rank the color spaces based on which provides the highest quality results.
Color models
A color model is a specification for representing colors as combinations of primary colors. There are several common color models including RGB, CMY, YIQ, CIE, HSV, and HLS. The RGB model uses red, green, and blue primaries and is used in computer and television displays. The CMY model uses cyan, magenta, and yellow primaries and is used in color printing. The CIE model is based on human color perception and covers the full range of perceivable colors.
Color image processing
color image processing is divided into two major areas:
1. Full Color image Processing
2. Pseudo Color image Processing
It Includes Color Fundamentals,Color Models,Pseudo color image Processing,Full Color image Processing,Color Transformation.
Lecnoninecolorspacemodelindigitalimageprocess
The document discusses various color models and color spaces including RGB, CMY, HSV, YUV, and grayscale. It provides details on:
- How RGB, CMY, and other color models represent and define color using combinations of primary/secondary colors.
- The differences between color models and how they are used for things like printing (CMY) vs displays (RGB).
- How HSV represents color in terms of hue, saturation, and value to better match human perception compared to RGB.
- Methods for converting between color models and spaces, as well as converting color images to grayscale. This includes weighted vs average methods and maintaining brightness information.
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Color
- 1. Color Images We have seen that photographs and images can be in grayscale or in color. We utilize color in many contexts to convey information. The retina is a light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye that covers about 65 percent of its interior surface. The human eye contains two different kinds of photosensitive receptor cells called rods and cones in the retina that convert incident light energy into signals that are carried to the brain by the optic nerve. (http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/vision/eye.html) Rods are used for night vision and are mostly color independent. Cones mediate color vision. There are three types of cones. The wavelength of visible light is between 400 nm and 700 nm. (http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/vision/colcon.html)
- 2. The tristimulus theory states that any color can be specified by a weighted combination of three (primary) colors. Red, green and blue are one set of additive primary colors. Additive colors are defined as the three colors of light that when mixed can produce white. Color depth in digital representations The total number of bits over all primary colors used to represent a color is called the color depth. When we refer to a 24-bit color depth with a tristimulus color model we mean each color is represented with 8 bits and hence can have one of 256 different intensities for each color. The total number of colors is 2^24; approximately 16.7 million colors. Indexed color Not all images need to have 16 million different colors. The image itself can have a limited number of colors or an approximation could be tolerated in exchange for file size. Indexed color uses a table to store the colors and stores the index of a color in the table instead of the full color for each pixel. For example, a 1024x1024 image with 256 colors would need 3x1024x1024 = 3 Megabytes using a 24-bit color representation and only need 3x256+1024x1024 ~= 1 Megabyte with an indexed color format; almost 3 fold. The figure below shows the palette and images in two formats.
- 3. The figures below show the 256-element palettes (left) corresponding to the indexed color images (right) obtained from the original color images (middle). (Original) (Palette) (Indexed)
- 4. The RGB color model Uses the three primary colors RGB to construct colors. The RGB color space is shown below. It is a cube with red, green and blue as the intensities on the principal axes (X, Y and Z). This, however, only produces a subset of actual colors seen by humans. The triangle in the figure below shows the limits of the RGB model compared to human vision. Nevertheless, this model is useful because TV and computer monitor manufacturers use these three colors to produce an approximation to the color spectrum in an affordable way. (http://dot-color.com/) (CIE: International Commission on Illumination)
- 5. The HSV color model Another way to describe color is through its hue, saturation and value (brightness). Hue is defined as the wavelength at which most of the energy is concentrated. Brightness or value is a measure of how light or dark the color is. Saturation refers to the color’s purity or colorfulness. There is a direct conversion between the RGB color representation and the HSV representation. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSL_and_HSV) MATLAB has two functions to convert between the RGB and HSV representations. The functions are called hsv2rgb and rgb2hsv. See the help pages for their use. Remember that MATLAB will only display RGB images, so if you are working with an HSV representation you need to convert it to RGB before using imshow. CMYK color model Is a subtractive color model. It is usually used for printing. Mixtures of cyan, magenta and yellow are used to produce colors and black (K) is used to produce pure black.