full color,pseudo color,color fundamentals,Hue saturation Brightness,color model,RGB color model,CMY and CMYK color model,HSI color model,Coverting RGB to HSI, HSI examples
Color fundamentals and color models - Digital Image ProcessingAmna
This presentation is based on Color fundamentals and Color models.
~ Introduction to Colors
~ Color in Image Processing
~ Color Fundamentals
~ Color Models
~ RGB Model
~ CMY Model
~ CMYK Model
~ HSI Model
~ HSI and RGB
~ RGB To HSI
~ HSI To RGB
color image processing is divided into two major areas:
1. Full Color image Processing
2. Pseudo Color image Processing
It Includes Color Fundamentals,Color Models,Pseudo color image Processing,Full Color image Processing,Color Transformation.
Color fundamentals and color models - Digital Image ProcessingAmna
This presentation is based on Color fundamentals and Color models.
~ Introduction to Colors
~ Color in Image Processing
~ Color Fundamentals
~ Color Models
~ RGB Model
~ CMY Model
~ CMYK Model
~ HSI Model
~ HSI and RGB
~ RGB To HSI
~ HSI To RGB
color image processing is divided into two major areas:
1. Full Color image Processing
2. Pseudo Color image Processing
It Includes Color Fundamentals,Color Models,Pseudo color image Processing,Full Color image Processing,Color Transformation.
Here in the ppt a detailed description of Image Enhancement Techniques is given which includes topics like Basic Gray level Transformations,Histogram Processing.
Enhancement using Arithmetic/Logic Operations.
image averaging and image averaging methods.
Piecewise-Linear Transformation Functions
Any colour that can be specified using a model will correspond to a single point within the subspace it defines. Each colour model is oriented towards either specific hardware (RGB,CMY,YIQ), or image processing applications (HSI).
Here in the ppt a detailed description of Image Enhancement Techniques is given which includes topics like Basic Gray level Transformations,Histogram Processing.
Enhancement using Arithmetic/Logic Operations.
image averaging and image averaging methods.
Piecewise-Linear Transformation Functions
Any colour that can be specified using a model will correspond to a single point within the subspace it defines. Each colour model is oriented towards either specific hardware (RGB,CMY,YIQ), or image processing applications (HSI).
The GIF Element: Making, Finding, & Using GIFs to Great EffectShaelyn Amaio
In this workshop for DPLAFest in Washington, DC, we explored the GIF in its natural habitat: the internet. But first, some background: What are GIFs? How did they develop? How do you say “GIF”?
We're looking at how to use GIFs, when they’re most successful, the challenges associated with using them, and how to make, find, and use them yourself. We talked about the ins and outs of some content sources, including resources in the DPLA, and reviewed a few apps and programs you can use to make and share them yourself. And then, with some audience input, we demonstrated how to make a GIF using open source images to tell a joke, punctuate a thought, or convey an emotion. A picture is worth a thousand words? Well, a GIF is worth a million.
Please note: Download the file to see all the awesome, animated GIFs in action!
basic information about image files and why we use lots of kinds image file formats.
Some key terms like pixels, pixel depths, resolution, monochore, grayscale and colored images which will be used in the next sections of the presentation.
Basic compression methods which are used in image compression and give information about lossy/lossles images.
JPEG, PNG, GIF and BMP detailed
Here I presented my presentation slide about color image processing.
In color image processing, an abstract mathematical model known as color space is used to characterize the colors in terms of intensity values. This color space uses a three-dimensional coordinate system. For different types of applications, a number of different color spaces exists. The saturation is determined by the excitation purity, and depends on the amount of white light mixed with the hue. A pure hue is fully saturated, i.e. no white light mixed in. Hue and saturation together determine the chromaticity for a given colour. Finally, the intensity is determined by the actual amount of light, with more light corresponding to more intense colours[1].
Achromatic light has no colour - its only attribute is quantity or intensity. Greylevel is a measure of intensity. The intensity is determined by the energy, and is therefore a physical quantity. On the other hand, brightness or luminance is determined by the perception of the colour, and is therefore psychological. Given equally intense blue and green, the blue is perceived as much darker than the green. Note also that our perception of intensity is nonlinear, with changes of normalised intensity from 0.1 to 0.11 and from 0.5 to 0.55 being perceived as equal changes in brightness[2].
Colour depends primarily on the reflectance properties of an object. We see those rays that are reflected, while others are absorbed. However, we also must consider the colour of the light source, and the nature of human visual system. For example, an object that reflects both red and green will appear green when there is green but no red light illuminating it, and conversely it will appear red in the absence of green light. In pure white light, it will appear yellow (= red + green).
An investigation for steganography using different color systemDr Amira Bibo
ABSTRACT
Steganographic techniques are generally used to maintain the confidentiality of
valuable information and to protect it from any possible theft or unauthorized use
especially over the internet. In this paper, Least Significant Bit LSB-based
Steganographic techniques is used to embed large of data in different color space
models, such as (RGB, HSV, YCbCr, YIQ, YUV). The idea can be summarized by
transforming the RGB value of the secret image pixels into three separate components
into the pixels of the cover image.
The measures (MSE, SNR, PSNR) were used to compare between the color
space models, the comparisons proved that steganography with color systems (RGB
and HIS) shown a best results.
Presentation By daroko blog-where IT learners apply Skills in real business environment.
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This presentation will introduce you to color representation in computer graphics.
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Do Not just learn computer graphics an close your computer tab and go away..
APPLY them in real business,
Visit Daroko blog for real IT skills applications,androind, Computer graphics,Networking,Programming,IT jobs Types, IT news and applications,blogging,Builing a website, IT companies and how you can form yours, Technology news and very many More IT related subject.
-simply google:Daroko blog(professionalbloggertricks.com)
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• Daroko blog (www.professionalbloggertricks.com)
• Presentation by Daroko blog, to see More tutorials more than this one here, Daroko blog has all tutorials related with IT course, simply visit the site by simply Entering the phrase Daroko blog (www.professionalbloggertricks.com) to search engines such as Google or yahoo!, learn some Blogging, affiliate marketing ,and ways of making Money with the computer graphic Applications(it is useless to learn all these tutorials when you can apply them as a student you know),also learn where you can apply all IT skills in a real Business Environment after learning Graphics another computer realate courses.ly
• Be practically real, not just academic reader
About color PPT is giving a introducton on colour, from how we see, waht all guidelines we need to take care while we are designing, how it affects us, what all cultural values it got.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Color image processing
1. Color image processing
NADAR SARASWATHI COLLEGE OF ART &SCIENCE
THENI,TAMILNADU.
M.SURYA(II MSC(CS&IT)),
P.VINITHA (II MSC(CS&IT)),
V.SARMILA (II MSC(CS&IT)),
S.SURYAKALA(II MSC(CS&IT)),
M.SHANMUGAPRIYA(II MSC(CS&IT)),
2. Color image processing
Color If light is achromatic (void of color), its only
attribute is its intensity. The term gray level refers to a scalar
measure of intensity that ranges from black, to grays, and
finally to white.
A very powerful descriptor that simplifies object
identification and extraction from a scene. Cones are the
sensors in the eye responsible for color vision.
A body that reflects light that is balanced in all visible
wavelengths appears white to the observer.
3. Introduction
Color image processing is divided into two major
area:
*Full color
*Pseudo color.
Full-color:
The image in question typically are acquired
with a full color sensor, such as a color TV camera or
color scanner.
Pseudo color:
The problem is one of assigning a color to a
particular monochrome intensity or range of intensities.
4. Color Fundamentals
The process followed by the human brain in
perceiving and interpreting color is a Physiopsychological
phenomenon that is not yet fully understood, the physical
nature of color can be expressed on a formal basis supported
by experiment and theoretical results.
In 1666, Sir Isaac Newton discovered that when a
beam of sunlight passes through a glass prism, the emerging
beam of light us not white but consist in stead of a
continuous spectrum of colors ranging from violet a one end
to red at the other.
5. Visible light is composed of a relatively narrow
brand of frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum.
If the light is achromatic (void of color), its
only attribute is its intensity, or amount.
Achromatic light is what viewers see on a
black and white television set.
Chromatic light spans the electromagnetic
spectrum from approximately 400 to 700 nm.
6. Three basic quantities are used to describe the quality of
a chromatic light source: radiance, luminance, and
brightness.
Radiance is the total amount of energy that
flow from the light source, and it is usually measured in
watts (W).
Luminance, measured in lumens (lm), gives
a measure of the amount of energy an observer perceives
from a light source.
Brightness is a subjective descriptor that is
practically impossible to measure. It embodies the
achromatic notion of intensity and is one of the key factors
in describing color sensation.
7. 6 to 7 million cones in the human eye can
divided into three principal sensing categories,
corresponding roughly to red, green, and blue.
Approximately 65% of all cones are
sensitive to red light, 33% are sensitive to green light,
and only about 2% are sensitive to blue (but that blue
cones are the most sensitive).
Due to these absorption characteristics of the
human eyes, colors are seen as variable combinations of
the so-called primary colors red (R), green (G), and
blue(B).
8. The primary colors can be added to produce the
secondary colors of light megenda(red plus
blue),cyan(green plus blue),and yellow(red plus
green).
9. The characteristics generally used to distinguish one
color from another are brightness, hue, and saturation.
Hue is an attribute associated with the
dominant wavelength in a mixture of light waves.
Hue represent dominant color as perceived by
an observer.
Saturation refers to the relatives purity or the
amount of white light mixed with a hue. The pure spectrum
color are fully saturation.
10. Hue and saturation taken together are called
chromaticity, and therefore, a color may be characterized
by its brightness and chromaticity.
11. COLOR MODELS
The purpose of a color model also called “color
space or color system” is to facilitate the specification
of colors in some standard, generally accepted way. A
color model is a specification of a coordination system
and a subspace within that system where each color is
represented by a single point.
Most color models in use today are oriented
either toward hardware or toward applications where color
manipulation is a goal.
12. In terms of digital image processing, the hardware
oriented models most commonly used in practice are
the RGB(red, green, blue) model for color monitors
and a broad class of color video cameras.
The CMY ( cyan, magenta, yellow) and CMYK
(cyan, magenta, yellow, black) models for color printing
and the HSI (hue, saturation, intensity) model.
Which corresponds closely with the way humans
describe and interpret color.
13. The HSI models also has the advantage that it
decouples the color and gray- scale information in an
image making it suitable for many of the gray –scale
techniques developed in the book.
There are numerous color models in use today due
to the fact that color science is a broad field that
encompasses many areas of application.
14. RGB COLOR MODEL
The RGB model, each color appears in its primary
spectral components is red,green,blue.
This model is based on a Cartesian coordinate system.
15. RGB is primary values are at three corners ; secondary
colors cyan ,magenta and yellow are at three corners.
Black is origin; and white is at the corner farthest from the
origin.
The gray scale extends from black and white along the line
joining these two point.
R,G,and B are assumed to be in the range[1,0].
16. A color image can be acquired by using three filling
sensitive to red,green,blue respectively.
17. The hex numbers 0,1,2,…….,9,A,B,C,D,E,F correspond
to decimal numbers 0,1,2,…,9,10,11,12,13,14,15.
Recall that (0)16 =(0000)2 and (F)16=(1111)2.
18. The square in the top left array has value FFFFCC
(white),the second square to its right has value
FFFFCC,the third square has FFFF99.
Second row has value FFCCFF,FFCCCC,FFCC99 and so
on.
19. •The hex codes for all the possible gray colors in a 256-color
RGBsystem.
•Some of these values are outside of the safe color set but are
represented properly by most display system.
•The gray from the color group (KKKKKK)16,for
K=0,3,6,9,C,F.
20. The CMY and CMYK color models
Cyan , magenta and yellow are the secondary
color of light or alternatively , the primary colors of
pigments.
Most devices that deposit colored pigments on
paper, such as color printer and copiers, require CMY
data input or perform an RGB to CMY converting
internally.
21. This conversion is performed using the simple
operation
- =
The assumption is that all color values have been
normalized the range [0,1].
C
M
Y
1
1
1
R
G
B
23. That light reflected from surface coated with pure
cyan does not contain red ( C= 1 – R )
Pure magenta does not reflect green, and pure
yellow does not reflect blue.
RGB values can be obtained easily from a set of
CMY values by subtracting the individual CMY values
from 1.
The inverse operation from CMY to RGB generally
is of little practical interest.
24. HSI Color Model
The HSI (hue, saturation, intensity) color model,
decouples the intensity component from the
color-carrying information(hue and saturation) in
a color image.
The HSI model is an ideal tool for developing
image processing algorithms based on color
descriptions that are natural and intuitive to
humans.
25. The HSI model uses three measures to describe colors:
Hue: A color attribute that describes a pure color (pure
yellow, orange or red)
Saturation: Gives a measure of how much a pure color
is diluted with white light
Intensity: Brightness is nearly impossible to measure
because it is so subjective. Instead we use intensity.
Intensity is the same achromatic notion that we have
seen in grey level images
26. Relationship between the RGB and
HSI color models
Now the intensity component of any color can be
determined by passing a plane perpendicular to
the intensity axis and containing the color point
The intersection of the plane with the intensity axis
gives us the intensity component of the color
27. In a similar way we can extract the hue from the RGB
color cube
Consider a plane defined by the three points cyan, black
and white
All points contained in this plane must have the same hue
(cyan) as black and white cannot contribute hue information
to a color
28. Hue and Saturation in the HSI color model
Consider if we look straight down at the RGB cube as it
was arranged previously
We would see a hexagonal shape with each primary
color separated by 120° and secondary colors
at 60° from the primaries
So the HSI model is composed of a vertical intensity axis
and the locus of color points that lie on planes
perpendicular to that axis
29. To the right we see a hexagonal shape and an arbitrary color
point
The hue is determined by an angle from a reference
point, usually red
The saturation is the distance from the origin to the point
The intensity is determined by how far up the vertical
intensity axis this hexagonal plane sits (not apparent
from this diagram
30. The only important things are the angle and the
length of the saturation vector this plane is also often
represented as a circle or a triangle
The angle from the red axis gives the hue, and the
length of the vector is the saturation.
The intensity of all colors in any of these planes is
given by the position of the plane on the vertical
intensity axis.
32. Converting from RGB to HSI
Given a color as R, G, and B its H, S, and I values are
calculated as follows:
GBif
GBif
H
360
2
1
2
2
1
1
cos
BGBRGR
BRGR
BGR
BGR
S ,,min
3
1
I 1
3
R G B
33. Converting from HSI to RGB
Given a color as H, S, and I it’s R, G, and B values are
calculated as follows:
RG sector (0 <= H < 120°)
H
HS
IR
60cos
cos
1
G 3I R B
B I 1 S
GB sector (120° <= H < 240°)
R I 1S
60cos
120cos
1
H
HS
IG GRIB 3
34. BR sector (240° <= H <= 360°)
BGIR 3
G I 1 S
180cos
240cos
1
H
HS
IB
35. HSI & RGB
H, S, and I Components of RGB Color Cube
36. Manipulating Images In The HSI Model
In order to manipulate an image under the HIS model we:
First convert it from RGB to HSI
Perform our manipulations under HSI
Finally convert the image back from HSI to RGB
RGB
Image
HSI Image HSI Image
Manipulatio
ns