1. Cognition involves obtaining, transforming, storing, retrieving and using information. It processes information actively and purposefully. 2. There are several theories of intelligence including Spearman's theory of general intelligence, Horn and Cattell's two-factor theory, Sternberg's triarchic theory, Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, and Goleman's theory of emotional intelligence. 3. Problem solving involves identifying the problem, understanding its elements, and generating and evaluating solutions. Common barriers to problem solving are functional fixedness and only applying past methods.