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What is critical thinking
Critical thinking is the process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating information. It involves making reasoned judgments through a framework that includes identifying problems, gathering and assessing relevant evidence, recognizing assumptions, and considering alternative solutions and their implications. Logical reasoning is a core part of critical thinking and can take the form of deductive or inductive arguments. Training in critical thinking helps develop skills in logical decision making, persuasive writing and interviews, and intelligent discussion.
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What is critical thinking
- 1. What is CriticalThinking? Prasad Aryasomayajula
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- 3. Critical thinking isskilled and active participation and evaluation of observations and communications, information and argumentation (Fisher and Scriven)
- 4. Critical thinking meansmaking clear, reasoned judgments (Beyer 1995)
- 5. critical thinking asthe intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action.‘ (National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking)
- 6. Were the definitionshelpful? Or vague? Lets try an example
- 7. Two students onwhy they chose Engineering as a career
- 8. Kishore Why Engineering? All my good friendsare taking up Engineering My father Advised me to check out my interest in Engineering The College is overnight by Train from my city
- 9. Why Engineering -Arun Why Engineering Researched day to day work of Engineers and find it exciting Have spoken to Engineers and I like the way the career progresses over the years Studying pure sciences - Math and Physics leads largely to teaching jobs – and I don’t find that exciting Very interested and very good at Math & Physics Have checked out Engineering Entrance Exam papers and I score well and will get admission in a good college Very interested in making gadgets and experimental models, and make several working models Have searched Job sites and find that Engineering careers pay well
- 10. Arun’s reasons Engineering Interest Find thework involved in the work of an Engineer interesting Like making working models, and built several working prototypes Interested in Math and Physics Aptitude School topper, and prizes in All India science and math contests Excellent grades in Math & Physics Opportunity Industry is growing Engineering careers pay well Job portals show a lot of jobs at different levels of experience
- 11. Who has takenthe better reasoned decision? Kishore or Arun?
- 12. • Who isthe better thinker? • Who is more likely to give a credible and persuasive answer to any question on ‘Why Engineering’?
- 13. Why didn’t Kishorethink like Arun? – Maybe just lazy – More likely has not learnt to think critically
- 14. Interview • Imagine ifthe same question was asked and answered in an interview – who do you think would have been selected? • Employers want employees who can think critically.
- 15. But why dowe reason? • We reason to ensure that our cause for doing something is logical. • Critical thinking is focused on Logical reasoning and establishing the credibility or lack of it before arriving at a claim or belief • But people also use emotion to persuade others – so we need to learn about appeal to our emotions too (generally referred to as ‘rhetoric’ – in today’s parlance).
- 16. Critical Thinking A formalapproach
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- 18. Critical Thinking Logical Decision making process andskills Smarter and persuasive Interviews Intelligent group discussion CAT/MAT Written Analysis Personal Interview Group Discussions GRE, GMAT Critical Reasoning, Argumentative essays SOP Persuasive and analytical writing skills Critical Thinking Benefits
- 19. Elements of CriticalThinking Critical Thinking Thinking Standards Logical Reasoning Critical Thinking framework
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- 21. Critical Thinking –A framework Critical Thinking Framework Problem Evidence Analysis Assumptions Solution Implication
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- 23. Types of Reasoning InductiveReasoning Deductive Reasoning RhetoricCredibility Casual Explanations/Inferences Logical Reasoning Other types of persuasion The content structure, some of the content, examples and Diagrams and representation are intellectual property of Stride Critical Thinking Academy. Please do not copy or use without authorization
- 24. Deductive Arguments All human beingsare mortal Socrates is a human being Socrates is mortal If the premises are true, the Conclusion has to be true PREMISES CLAIM
- 25. Inductive Argument All students from Harvardare intelligent Arun graduated from Harvard Hence Arun is intelligent While generally accepted, it is not absolutely proven that all students from IIT are intelligent
- 26. Deceased woman Homicide Investigation Husband isthe murderer Husband used to quarrel frequently with the wife His car was seen at the house at 4PM around the time the wife died His fingerprints were found on the murder weapon Do the premises prove the conclusion? Are the premises sufficient to arrive at the conclusion?
- 27. Support of Premisesfor the Claim ProbabilityofClaimbeingtrue Inductive Arguments Greater the support of the premises for the Claim, higher the probability of the claim being true
- 28. Casual Inferences Power’s gone. Fusehas blown? Has a switch tripped Neighbor has power. Supplied by Utility or Are they powered by UPS? UPS has tripped? UPS battery drained?
- 29. Cause & Effect CasualInferences He prayed, so he scored a goal and the team won the match Their prayers won the cricket match for Royal Challengers My lucky dress helped me do well in my exams Do you think these are reasonable conclusions?
- 30. How to learnCritical Thinking • You could pick up a book(s) • There are good videos on YouTube – you could stitch a course together out of the videos there • And of course – we offer training on Critical Thinking.
- 31. Training Options • Classroombased training (one day workshops and longer term weekly classes) • Online Instructor led classes (eight week courses – 2 hours per week – learn from the convenience of your home or office) • In-premises training - Colleges and Companies (Please call us for details. Our course – your students, your venue. Courses can be customized) • Private tutoring (Online only) • Need more information? Email: prasad@criticalthinkingacademy.net OR call +91-98451 72986