Coasts Lesson 3 (Erosion)
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This document summarizes various landforms created by coastal erosion including wave cut platforms, caves, arches, stacks, headlands and bays. It describes how factors like rock type, wave energy, weathering and human activity influence the rate of coastal erosion. It also explains the processes of cliff erosion, cave formation, and longshore drift which transports sediment along the coast.
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Coastal erosion
Coastal erosion is the wearing away of land and removal of beach sediments by wave action, tidal currents, and other processes. Coasts are classified as primary, shaped by land erosion, or secondary, shaped by marine agents. Erosional coasts experience active erosion while depositional coasts experience sediment accumulation from rivers or oceans. Waves, tides, currents, and coastal dynamics shape shorelines through erosion, transportation, and deposition, forming landforms like sea stacks, arches, caves, spits, barrier islands, and deltas. The rate of coastal destruction varies depending on slope, wave intensity, wind, and human activities and can damage habitats.
coastal erosion
This document discusses coastal erosion and mechanisms. It defines coastal terminology and describes the various agents that affect coastal erosion, including wind, waves, tides, and currents. It also examines the erosional and depositional landforms created by coastal processes, such as headlands, sea stacks, beaches, and barrier islands. Additionally, it covers the concepts of coastal erosion, longshore drift, and coastal deposition. The effects of coastal erosion are also addressed, as well as the importance of understanding coastal dynamics and implementing mitigation strategies to reduce erosion.
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Coasts Lesson 1
Coasts undergo change due to three main coastal processes: erosion, transportation, and deposition. Waves are a major force in coastal change, as they erode and transport sediment. The size and power of waves depends on factors like wind strength and duration, and fetch - the distance over which the wind blows to generate the waves. Destructive waves in storms can cause significant erosion, while constructive waves in calm weather tend to deposit material and build up beaches.
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The document defines coasts as the area where land meets the sea, and explains that coasts are important habitats and home to most of the world's population. Coasts are dynamic systems that are constantly changing due to coastal processes like waves and tides, which erode, transport, and deposit material, affecting both the environment and people living in coastal areas. The document will study waves, coastal processes and how they form landforms, coastal management, and possibly coral reefs.
Lesson 1 Why Are Coasts Important
Coasts are important for many reasons. Coasts provide land for settlement and are used for defense, marine research, yacht racing, ferry ports, fishing, ship repair, and trade. Different groups utilize coasts including industry, tourism, recreation, and more. Coasts are economically and culturally significant as many people rely on coastal areas for livelihoods, trade, transport and leisure activities.
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This lesson teaches about landforms created by longshore drift, including bars, spits, and tombolos. By the end of the lesson, students will be able to name 3 depositional landforms, describe the process of longshore drift, and explain how it forms bars, spits, and tombolos. The lesson will include diagrams demonstrating longshore drift and how spits are formed through the movement of sediment along a coastline.
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This lesson aims to teach students about different types of waves and how they impact coastlines. By the end, students should be able to name two types of waves, describe their differences, and explain how each type changes coastlines. Constructive waves are low in height and length with few occurrences per minute, depositing sediment to build wide, flat beaches. Destructive waves are high, short, and frequent, eroding steep beaches by pulling sediment offshore.
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The document summarizes various marine erosion processes that form coastal landforms. It describes hydraulic action, corrasion, attrition, and corrosion as processes that slowly wear away cliff rock. These processes can form features like wave-cut notches, platforms, caves, arches, stacks, and stumps. The document also explains how alternating resistant and soft rock layers along coastlines can form headlands and bays through differential erosion.
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This document discusses various coastal landforms formed by erosion processes. It describes attrition as the breaking down of material into smaller particles when carried by waves. Corrasion and hydraulic action involve material carried by waves wearing away coastlines through impacts or air pressure within cracks. Solution slowly dissolves rocks through chemical reactions with acid in seawater. Headlands project out and are more resistant to erosion, forming bays between them. Cliffs and wave-cut platforms are formed as waves erode the cliff base and notch it, eventually leaving a platform when the cliff collapses. Caves, arches, stacks and stumps form through the continued erosion of weaknesses in the cliff and eventual collapse of eroded sections.
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Coastal Landforms
The document discusses various coastal landforms created by erosion and deposition processes along shorelines. It describes landforms such as headlands and bays, cliffs and wave-cut platforms, caves, arches, stacks, and stumps which are formed by coastal erosion. Beaches and spits are landforms created by coastal deposition, with beaches forming in sheltered areas between high and low tide lines, and spits forming as narrow ridges projecting from the coast due to longshore drift depositing materials.
Coastal Processes Good
Waves are generally larger in the southwest of the British Isles than the southeast due to larger fetch, or the distance over which wind can blow over open water to generate waves. Waves break when the wavelength reaches the sea floor, causing the bottom of the wave to slow down while the top continues forward. Coastal erosion processes include abrasion by materials carried in waves, hydraulic action as waves enter cracks and cause small explosions, and corrosion as acids in sea water dissolve rocks. These processes form landforms like headlands and bays, cliffs and wave-cut platforms, and over more time, caves, arches, stacks, and stumps.
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The document describes different coastal landforms formed by erosion processes. It discusses how headlands and bays form along coastlines with variations in rock hardness. Headlands project out and are more exposed to wave erosion, while bays form in areas of softer rock. As cliffs erode, waves cut notches and undercut the base, eventually leading to cliff collapse and the formation of wave-cut platforms. Within resistant cliff rocks, erosion enlarges weaknesses like faults to form caves, which can eventually be cut through to form arches or isolate stacks from the headland.
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This document discusses coastal landforms and processes including constructive and destructive wave characteristics, erosion processes like abrasion and hydraulic action, cliff retreat and wave cut platforms. It also discusses coastal management strategies like hard engineering options such as sea walls, revetments and groynes, and soft engineering options like beach replenishment, cliff regrading and managed retreat. The document concludes with an example of coastal management at Swanage which uses beach replenishment, groynes, cliff regrading and drainage.
Coastal Erosion And Its Control
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Erosion on coasts by wind and water.
Water is major agent of erosion.
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This document discusses various types of coastal erosion and protection methods. It describes the characteristics and impacts of constructive and destructive waves. It also explains various coastal landforms that form from erosion like cliffs, arches and stacks. Additionally, it outlines different coastal management techniques like riprap, seawalls, beach replenishment and managed retreat. The advantages and disadvantages of each protection strategy are provided.
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The document discusses various types of coastal erosion and mass movement processes, as well as different techniques for managing coastal erosion, including both hard and soft engineering approaches. Hard engineering techniques use man-made structures like seawalls to defend the coast, while soft techniques work with natural processes like beach nourishment. The document provides examples of techniques like groynes, gabions, revetments, rock armor, and beach replenishment.
Erosion, Weathering And Mass Movement
The document discusses various types of coastal erosion and mass movement processes, as well as different techniques for managing coastal erosion, including both hard and soft engineering approaches. Hard engineering techniques use man-made structures like seawalls to defend the coast, while soft techniques work with natural processes like beach nourishment. The document provides examples of techniques like groynes, gabions, revetments, rock armor, and beach replenishment.
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Coasts can be classified as primary or secondary based on tectonic position and sea level changes. Primary coasts are young and shaped by land-based processes, while secondary coasts are older and influenced by marine processes like waves, currents, and wind. Secondary coasts feature beaches, coastal landforms created by wave and current activity like barrier islands and cliffs, and depositional landforms like deltas formed at river mouths.
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The document discusses the formation of beaches and cliffs through geological processes. It explains that:
1) Beach composition influences slope, with shingle beaches typically steeper than sandy beaches due to differences in percolation rates. Coarse shingle allows for rapid water drainage, while compact sand hinders drainage.
2) Cliffs form through both subaerial and marine erosion processes. Marine processes like wave pounding and hydraulic pressure undermine cliff bases, while subaerial processes like weathering from precipitation, freeze-thaw cycles, and evaporation cause mass failures and recession.
3) Cliffs are constantly changing features as coastal and atmospheric forces cause unpredictable rockfalls and large-scale collapses over various time
Coastal features of erosion
This is an interactive power point that helps students discoverer the processes that shape our coastal land forms.
Coastal processes
Coastal systems can be divided into erosional shorelines and depositional shorelines based on dominant long-term processes. Erosional shorelines are dominated by erosive forces and typically have high-relief rocky coasts, while depositional shorelines are dominated by depositional processes and include environments like deltas, barrier islands, and reef coasts. Coasts experience various erosive and depositional processes from waves, such as refraction, longshore drift, and swash/backwash, which shape the shoreline over time. Stabilizing eroding coasts involves hard structures, beach nourishment, or relocation, but these approaches have limitations and tradeoffs.
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This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
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During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
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Coasts Lesson 3 (Erosion)
- 2. What factors affect rate of coastal erosion? Beaches Absorb wave energy which slows down erosion by protecting cliffs Rock structure Cliffs with weaknesses (joints) and cracks are more easily eroded Rock type Resistant rocks eg. granite erode very slowly. Less resistant eg. clay erode quickly Wave energy Erosion greatest when waves and big and frequent Weathering Sub-aerial attack on cliffs speed up erosion (wind & rain) and don’t forget …… PEOPLE
- 3. Headlands and Bays They form along coasts that have alternating bands of hard and soft rock Lulworth Cove Click on picture above for a short video on how bays are formed 2.03
- 4. Cliff Erosion Click diagram above for a short video about cliff collapse in Beachy Head 1.45
- 6. Wave Cut Platforms The sea cliff is the most widespread landform of coastal erosion.
- 7. Caves, Arches and Stacks
- 8. Arch
- 9. Stacks
- 10. Caves, Arches and Stacks Waves erode weaknesses in the rock. Cave eroded into cliff at line of weakness Size of cave is increased by erosion until headland is opened out at both sides Wave erosion causes roof of cave to collapse leaving the stack
- 11. Transport and Deposition Longshore Drift Click on diagram to start short video on longshore drift 2.06
- 12. Longshore Drift in action