Coasts 2 Features
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The document discusses coastal erosion and deposition features. It lists various erosion features such as stack erosion, cliff erosion along chalk cliffs or stratified rock layers, blowholes, headlands, stacks, arches and caves. It also discusses depositional features including sand dunes, beaches with groynes to prevent sand movement, beaches with varying slopes and widths, spits, bars made of materials like shingle, lagoons, salt marshes, and mud flats.
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This document summarizes various landforms created by coastal erosion including wave cut platforms, caves, arches, stacks, headlands and bays. It describes how factors like rock type, wave energy, weathering and human activity influence the rate of coastal erosion. It also explains the processes of cliff erosion, cave formation, and longshore drift which transports sediment along the coast.
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The document describes different coastal landforms formed by erosion processes. It discusses how headlands and bays form along coastlines with variations in rock hardness. Headlands project out and are more exposed to wave erosion, while bays form in areas of softer rock. As cliffs erode, waves cut notches and undercut the base, eventually leading to cliff collapse and the formation of wave-cut platforms. Within resistant cliff rocks, erosion enlarges weaknesses like faults to form caves, which can eventually be cut through to form arches or isolate stacks from the headland.
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1) Coastal landforms are shaped by wave erosion and deposition. Waves erode cliffs and deposit sediment to form features like beaches, bars, and spits.
2) Erosional landforms include sea cliffs, arches, stacks, and caves which are carved out of rock by wave action. Depositional landforms are beaches, bars, barriers and hooks built up from sediment deposited by waves and currents.
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Coastal erosion creates several landforms along shorelines including cliffs, headlands, bays, caves, arches, and stacks. The type of landform created depends on factors like the underlying rock material, with hard rocks like basalt resisting erosion to form steep cliffs and headlands, while softer rocks erode more quickly to form gently sloping cliffs. Cliff erosion occurs through both marine processes like waves and subaerial processes like weathering, and the rate and shape of the cliff changes over time in an episodic cycle as material accumulates and is removed from the cliff base.
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This document provides information about headlands and bays, including:
1) Headlands and bays are formed by the uneven erosion of coastlines composed of bands of rock with varying resistance. More resistant rocks like granite and basalt form headlands, while less resistant rocks like chalk, sandstone and shale erode more quickly to form bays.
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The document discusses various coastal landforms created by erosion and deposition processes. It explains that waves break as they approach land due to increased friction. Swash carries water up the beach while backwash carries it down. Larger waves in the southwest are due to greater wind fetch. Cliffs and wave-cut platforms form through erosion processes like abrasion. Caves, arches, stacks and stumps also form through erosion. Beaches form in sheltered areas due to stronger swash depositing sediment. Spits and bars form through longshore drift depositing sediment. Tombolos connect landmasses.
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The document discusses different types of coastal erosion including weathering and four main types of erosion by the sea. It also describes various landforms formed by differential erosion along coastlines such as headlands and bays, caves, arches, stacks, wave cut notches, and platforms. These landforms develop in stages as the coastline is eroded by waves, weathering, and other coastal processes over time.
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1) The document is a PowerPoint presentation about coastal features created by erosion. It contains sections on objectives, rationale, waves, coastal erosion, and various landforms created by erosion like headlands and bays, cliffs and wave-cut platforms, and caves, arches, stacks and stumps.
2) It explains the two types of waves - constructive waves that build beaches and destructive waves that erode coastlines. Coastal erosion occurs as wind and water wear away sediments from the land.
3) Various landforms along coastlines have been formed by these erosive processes, including headlands that jut into the sea and indented areas between them called bays, cliffs and the flat areas
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Hard engineering approaches involve physical structures like seawalls and breakwaters to protect against coastal erosion. Soft engineering focuses on planning and behavior changes, encouraging minimal interference and using natural protections like beach nourishment, relocating properties, and planting mangroves. While hard structures provide effective short-term protection, they require high maintenance and can cause erosion in unprotected areas. Soft approaches are often more sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions.
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Waves are the primary force causing erosion along coastlines. Constructive waves build beaches up while destructive waves erode beaches. Coastal landforms like cliffs, caves, arches and stacks are formed through erosion processes. Longshore drift transports sediment along the coast, potentially building up spits or bars. The coast at Holderness, East Yorkshire is eroding rapidly, retreating over 1 meter per year due to its soft cliff material and destructive North Sea waves. Several villages have been lost and infrastructure like roads and gas facilities are threatened. Various coastal defenses have been installed with mixed success.
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Coastal areas face problems of erosion and flooding due to rising sea levels and increased storm activity. This threatens homes, businesses and tourism. Coastal defenses use hard engineering like seawalls and groynes, or soft engineering like beach nourishment and managed retreat, to protect coastlines. However, all methods have disadvantages such as visual impacts or increasing erosion elsewhere. Coastal resorts also struggle with declining visitor numbers from overseas competition and require solutions like improving attractions to revitalize their economies.
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The document discusses coastal landforms created by erosion. Softer rocks erode more quickly than harder rocks, creating bays where soft rocks were. Harder rocks remain as headlands exposed to erosion, which cracks and enlarges them over time, eventually forming caves. As caves erode further they can form arches that eventually collapse, leaving stacks and stumps.
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Waves are generally larger in the southwest of the British Isles than the southeast due to larger fetch, or the distance over which wind can blow over open water to generate waves. Waves break when the wavelength reaches the sea floor, causing the bottom of the wave to slow down while the top continues forward. Coastal erosion processes include abrasion by materials carried in waves, hydraulic action as waves enter cracks and cause small explosions, and corrosion as acids in sea water dissolve rocks. These processes form landforms like headlands and bays, cliffs and wave-cut platforms, and over more time, caves, arches, stacks, and stumps.
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This document discusses various coastal protection measures. It begins by explaining soft engineering approaches like beach nourishment, planting mangroves, and stabilizing coastal dunes to reduce erosion through natural processes. Hard engineering structures are then outlined, including seawalls, gabions, and breakwaters which use physical barriers to weaken wave energy. Both soft and hard approaches are compared in terms of their effectiveness and limitations for managing coastal areas sustainably.
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The document describes different coastal landforms formed by erosion processes. It discusses how headlands and bays form along coastlines with variations in rock hardness. Headlands project out and are more exposed to wave erosion, while bays form in areas of softer rock. As cliffs erode, waves cut notches and undercut the base, eventually leading to cliff collapse and the formation of wave-cut platforms. Within resistant cliff rocks, erosion enlarges weaknesses like faults to form caves, which can eventually be cut through to form arches or isolate stacks from the headland.
Coastal land forms .erosional and depositional landforms
1) Coastal landforms are shaped by wave erosion and deposition. Waves erode cliffs and deposit sediment to form features like beaches, bars, and spits.
2) Erosional landforms include sea cliffs, arches, stacks, and caves which are carved out of rock by wave action. Depositional landforms are beaches, bars, barriers and hooks built up from sediment deposited by waves and currents.
3) Tides and currents influence coastal landforms by transporting sediment and changing the level and reach of wave energy along the shoreline.
6. cliff recession
Cliff recession is defined as the erosion of the cliff face by water, wind, or landslides. The main factors that cause cliff erosion are wave action, weathering, and mass movement. Wave action and the geology of the cliff determine the rate of erosion, with longer fetches and more erodible rock types increasing the rate. Vegetation can help stabilize cliffs and make them more resistant to weathering and mass movement.
Coastal Features Created By Erosion Sherry
Coastal erosion creates several landforms along shorelines including cliffs, headlands, bays, caves, arches, and stacks. The type of landform created depends on factors like the underlying rock material, with hard rocks like basalt resisting erosion to form steep cliffs and headlands, while softer rocks erode more quickly to form gently sloping cliffs. Cliff erosion occurs through both marine processes like waves and subaerial processes like weathering, and the rate and shape of the cliff changes over time in an episodic cycle as material accumulates and is removed from the cliff base.
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Coastal land forms .erosional and depositional landforms
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Beach Profiles
Beaches have three main components - the nearshore, foreshore, and backshore. The nearshore extends seaward of the shoreline and contains sand bars formed by sediment deposition as wave energy is lost. The foreshore is the area between low and high tide marks affected daily by swash and backwash, depositing and returning sediment. The backshore lies beyond the foreshore and contains dunes, with sediment transported there during storms. Key beach features include berms, ridges and runnels, cusps, spits, and bars, formed by processes like deposition, swash action, and longshore drift.
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Beaches are depositional landforms that form along coastlines where sand and shingle accumulate faster than they are removed by waves. Beaches represent accumulated material deposited between low and high tides. Beach material comes from cliff erosion, offshore sources, and rivers. Sand produces gently sloped beaches below 5 degrees, while shingle produces steeper beaches from 10-20 degrees. Factors like wave energy, type, and longshore drift influence beach profiles.
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This document discusses various coastal landforms and processes. It begins with defining terms related to waves and wave action. It then explains processes of marine erosion and how they can shape cliff coastlines and form wave-cut platforms. It describes how waves can transport and deposit sediment. Landforms like spits, bars, and salt marshes are discussed along with their formation. Finally, it covers coral reef types and theories about their formation, and how sea level changes can impact coral reefs.
Formation of spits, tombolos and bars
Spits, tombolos, and bars are coastal landforms created by the deposition of material through longshore drift. Spits project from the coastline into the sea, tombolos join mainland to islands, and bars connect two headlands and cut off a bay. They form in areas of reduced wave energy where deposited material builds up over time through the processes of longshore drift and deposition.
Sand Dune Ecosystems
The sand dunes show different stages of development as you move inland from the shoreline. Embryo dunes near the beach are less than 1 meter tall and only stabilized by debris. Foredunes a little further inland reach up to 5 meters tall with grasses like marram grass stabilizing the sand. Yellow dunes have greater plant diversity as conditions improve, with dunes 5-10 meters tall and 80% plant coverage.
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This document discusses several coastal protection methods:
Breakwaters reduce wave power to protect beaches from erosion. Gabions are wire cages filled with stones that absorb wave energy. Groynes are structures built perpendicular to the shore to slow longshore drift. Revetments are sloped structures that absorb wave energy and trap sediment. Sea walls are curved concrete walls that protect cliffs from wave erosion. Each method has advantages in reducing erosion but can also impact sediment movement and beaches.
Coasts: Introduction
Coastal landforms are shaped by the interacting processes of erosion, transportation, and deposition from waves and currents. These processes constantly alter the coastline over time, forming features like beaches, sand dunes, cliffs, and bluffs. Effective coastal management and protection requires understanding these natural coastal processes and how to mitigate erosion and other threats while still allowing the coast to change over time.
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The document discusses several key topics regarding coastal processes and geomorphology:
1) Coasts are important interfaces between land and sea that are hazardous due to erosion and flooding. They also provide economic value through activities like tourism.
2) Coasts are open systems with inputs of energy, sediments, and processes like erosion and deposition that create landforms. They have outputs like deposited material onshore.
3) Sediment cells define discrete lengths of coastline where sediment movement is self-contained through longshore drift. These inform shoreline management plans.
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This document provides an overview of coasts and coastal processes. It begins with an introduction to the topics that will be covered, including the syllabus, case studies, coastal processes, and exam technique. Case studies include the Holderness Coast, Flamborough Head, and Spurn Point. Coastal processes such as hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, and solution are explained. Exam advice is given around answering 6-marker questions by explaining coastal landforms and processes in a structured sequence.
L2 waves
Waves influence erosion through both constructive and destructive processes. Constructive waves gently build up beaches by spilling water up the shore, while destructive waves strongly erode beaches by crashing waves that remove material. Waves are formed by wind blowing across the surface of the ocean, transferring its energy to the water. As waves approach shore, they steepen and eventually break, providing energy to erode, transport, and deposit coastal materials.
4. longshore drift
Longshore drift is the process where coastal sediments such as sand are transported parallel to the shoreline due to the breaking of incoming ocean waves at an oblique angle. This sediment transport process shapes coastlines over time through erosion and deposition, and can impact infrastructure like harbors if not properly managed. Longshore drift is an important coastal process that redistributes sediments and affects shoreline formation.
Wave Cut Platform
The document describes the formation of a wave cut platform through erosion. High and low tides cause corrasion which erodes material at the cliff base and undercuts the cliff. This leaves the cliff unstable and it retreats, forming a wave cut notch. Further retreat creates a wave cut platform below the low tide line where corrasion can no longer occur.
Coasts Lesson 1
Coasts undergo change due to three main coastal processes: erosion, transportation, and deposition. Waves are a major force in coastal change, as they erode and transport sediment. The size and power of waves depends on factors like wind strength and duration, and fetch - the distance over which the wind blows to generate the waves. Destructive waves in storms can cause significant erosion, while constructive waves in calm weather tend to deposit material and build up beaches.
Lesson 1 Why Are Coasts Important
Coasts are important for many reasons. Coasts provide land for settlement and are used for defense, marine research, yacht racing, ferry ports, fishing, ship repair, and trade. Different groups utilize coasts including industry, tourism, recreation, and more. Coasts are economically and culturally significant as many people rely on coastal areas for livelihoods, trade, transport and leisure activities.
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The document defines coasts as the area where land meets the sea, and explains that coasts are important habitats and home to most of the world's population. Coasts are dynamic systems that are constantly changing due to coastal processes like waves and tides, which erode, transport, and deposit material, affecting both the environment and people living in coastal areas. The document will study waves, coastal processes and how they form landforms, coastal management, and possibly coral reefs.
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This lesson teaches about landforms created by longshore drift, including bars, spits, and tombolos. By the end of the lesson, students will be able to name 3 depositional landforms, describe the process of longshore drift, and explain how it forms bars, spits, and tombolos. The lesson will include diagrams demonstrating longshore drift and how spits are formed through the movement of sediment along a coastline.
Constructive and destructive waves
This lesson aims to teach students about different types of waves and how they impact coastlines. By the end, students should be able to name two types of waves, describe their differences, and explain how each type changes coastlines. Constructive waves are low in height and length with few occurrences per minute, depositing sediment to build wide, flat beaches. Destructive waves are high, short, and frequent, eroding steep beaches by pulling sediment offshore.
Coasts Intro Lesson
The document lists 14 coastal landform terms and their definitions. Students were asked to match each term with its description by considering photos, maps, and descriptions provided. The terms included beach, cliff, estuary, delta, wave-cut platform, bays, cove, clay, chalk, resort, harbour, headlands, shingle, and slumping. The student answers each term correctly by working through the activity over time.
Sediment cell lesson 10
A sediment cell is a stretch of coastline where sediment is sourced from coastal erosion, transported via longshore drift and tidal currents, and ultimately deposited in sinks like beaches and bars. The cell receives sediment inputs from eroding cliffs and deposits within the cell as well as from rivers. Sediment is transported along the coastline before being trapped in depositional features, effectively removing it from circulation. Human activities like seawalls can disrupt sediment movement within a cell, causing erosion issues down drift.
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A wave cut platform is formed by the continuous erosion of a sea cliff by destructive ocean waves. The erosion creates a wave cut notch between the high and low tide lines that grows deeper over time. As the notch expands into a cave, the cliff face weakens and collapses under gravity, leaving behind a wave cut platform where the cliff once was through the combined effects of erosion and gravitational collapse of the rock.
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The document discusses coastal processes and landforms. It explains that coastal processes like tides, waves and currents constantly shape the coastline through erosion and deposition. This dynamic zone includes features like beaches, cliffs, caves and stacks that are formed by erosional forces, as well as spits, bars and tombolos created through deposition. Longshore drift plays a key role in shaping depositional landforms as sediments are transported along the shore. The profile of beaches and evolution of coastal dunes over time are also outlined.
A2 CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY: CHARACTERISTICS AND FORMATION OF COASTAL LANDFORMS
A2 CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY: CHARACTERISTICS AND FORMATION OF COASTAL LANDFORMS. It contains: the formation of erosional landforms: cliffs and wave-cut platforms, caves, arches and stacks
Learners should be able to explain the formation of depositional landforms: beaches in cross section (profile) and plan, swash and drift aligned beaches, simple and compound spits, tombolos, offshore bars, barrier beaches, coastal dunes, tidal sedimentation in estuaries, coastal saltmarshes and mangroves, the role of sea level change in the formation of coastal landforms.
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Swanage beach experiences longshore drift that moves sediment from south to north. The Banjo Pier was built perpendicular to the beach to contain river runoff, but it also blocks sediment from reaching the northern beach area. As a result, the northern beach is now narrower and the cliff face there is more prone to landslips as sediment deposition has decreased since the pier was constructed. Groynes and sea walls have been installed to manage erosion issues.
Coastlines.pptx
Coasts can be classified as primary or secondary based on tectonic position and sea level changes. Primary coasts are young and shaped by land-based processes, while secondary coasts are older and influenced by marine processes like waves, currents, and wind. Secondary coasts feature beaches, coastal landforms created by wave and current activity like barrier islands and cliffs, and depositional landforms like deltas formed at river mouths.
GEOGRAPHY YEAR 10: COASTAL LANDFORMS
GEOGRAPHY YEAR 10: COASTAL LANDFORMS. It contains: coastal landforms, depositional landforms, beaches, attrition, spits, longshore drift, tombolos, cliffs, the procesa of cliff erosion, headlands and bays, caves, arches, stacks and stumps.
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: COASTAL LANDFORMS
This document provides information on coastal landforms found in LEDC and MEDC countries. It describes both depositional landforms like beaches, spits, and tombolos, which are built up by material deposited by waves, and erosional landforms like cliffs and caves, which are shaped by erosion. It discusses processes like longshore drift that form features like spits, and provides examples of different coastal landforms like Chesil Beach in the UK and Spurn Head in England.
L5 Distictive Coastal Deposition Features
Beaches form through deposition by constructive waves, building up material like sand and shingle along sheltered coastlines. Spits develop when longshore drift transports sediment along a coastline that changes direction, forming a narrow hooked landform. Bars are ridges that run parallel to the coast and can temporarily block river mouths and inlets, forming lagoons behind them that may slowly fill in with sediment over time.
Coasts erosion deposition
This document discusses various coastal landforms and erosion processes. It describes how discordant and concordant coastlines form different landforms like headlands and bays. It explains the formation of cliffs, wave cut platforms, caves, arches, stacks and stumps through coastal erosion processes. It also discusses coastal transportation by longshore drift and how this builds up features like spits, bars and beaches through deposition. Coastal management techniques are mentioned like using groynes to reduce erosion.
The work of the sea a.kearon
The document summarizes various landforms created by coastal erosion and deposition processes. It describes how waves erode coastlines through hydraulic action, abrasion, solution, attrition, and compressed air. This erosion forms bays in soft rock and headlands in hard rock. Cliffs, sea caves, blowholes, beaches, sand dunes, spits, bars, and tombolos are also formed through the interacting processes of erosion, transportation by waves and currents, and deposition.
Coast 1
The document defines various coastal landforms and processes. It describes features such as alluvium, arches, atolls, bays, beaches, berms, blowholes, caves, cliffs, and reefs. It also explains coastal erosion processes like attrition and the formation of sand. Coastal defenses like armour blocks and beach nourishment are also defined.
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The document discusses beaches and their characteristics. It describes different types of beaches like sandy beaches and pebble beaches. Sandy beaches are generally shallow and flat while pebble beaches are steeper. Sandy beaches can stretch further inland than pebble beaches. Beach profiles show how beaches change, with sandy beaches having a gentler profile than pebble beaches. Key terms like berm and beach characteristics are also defined.
The Geography of the Sea and Coasts
The sea erodes, transports, and deposits material along coastlines, forming various geographic features. Waves erode the coast through hydraulic action, compression, abrasion, and attrition. This erosion forms sea cliffs, arches, stacks, and caves. Material is transported along the shore by swash and backwash and by longshore drift, building up beaches, sand dunes, spits, and bars. While the sea provides resources and recreation, it can also harm coastal areas through erosion and flooding. Defenses like seawalls, breakwaters, and groynes are used to protect against the sea.
Coastal erosional processes and landforms lesson 4
The document discusses coastal erosion processes and landforms. It describes the four main erosion processes as corrosion, abrasion, solution, and hydraulic action (CASH). These processes break down and transport sediment, forming features like sea cliffs, caves, arches, stacks, and stumps. Waves erode the base of cliffs and headlands through processes like hydraulic action, creating wave-cut notches and platforms that eventually result in arches and isolated rock columns. Alternating hard and soft rock layers produce headlands and bays along discordant coastlines.
Depositionfeatures
The document discusses different coastal depositional features including beaches, spits, bars, and tombolos. It provides definitions and explanations of how each feature is formed through the process of deposition by waves, longshore drift, and other coastal geological processes. The purpose is to help students understand why certain materials like sand and shingle accumulate in specific coastal landforms.
The Work of the Sea
The document summarizes various coastal landforms and processes caused by erosion and deposition from ocean waves and currents. It describes how erosion wears away rock and sediments are transported and deposited in different areas, forming features like headlands, bays, cliffs, wave cut platforms, sea caves, arches, stacks, blowholes, beaches, sand dunes stabilized by marram grass, sand spits, bars, lagoons, tombolos, and defenses built to protect the coastline from erosion.
Transportation Deposition
Beaches form through the process of erosion and deposition by ocean waves. Sediment such as sand and pebbles is eroded from cliffs and shores by wave action and transported down the coast by longshore drift. This sediment is eventually deposited and builds up over time to create beaches. The size and shape of beaches depends on the type of sediment - shingle beaches are steeper while sand beaches have a more gentle slope. Features like spits, bars, and tombolos are also formed through deposition when sediment carried by longshore drift accumulates in different ways.
Geology cies islands
The Cies Islands were formed by tectonic plate movements that caused mountains to form and later sink below sea level, creating the islands. The islands feature geological formations such as lagoons, beaches, caves, cliffs, tombolos, dunes, and bays that were shaped by erosion, transportation, and sedimentation of materials. Physical, chemical, and biological weathering also contribute to changing the landscape of the Cies Islands over time.
What you could have written.....
The document discusses several coastal landforms formed by marine erosion processes, including stacks, wave-cut platforms, blowholes, spits, and bars and lagoons. It also mentions beaches and dune succession (psammosere). Various processes are involved like hydraulic action, corrasion, attrition, solution, transportation, and deposition. Examples of each landform type are provided from the UK coast.
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Astute Business Solutions | Oracle Cloud Partner |
Astute Business Solutions | Oracle Cloud Partner |
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Coasts 2 Features
- 1. Coastal Erosion and Deposition by Amy Smith
- 4. Cliff - Chalk Cliffs. Erosion Feature
- 5. Cliffs with different rock layers or strata. Erosion Feature
- 6. Blow hole or water spout. Erosion Feature
- 8. Stacks - The needles off the south coast. Erosion Feature
- 9. An arch and cove - Durdle door, Dorset coast. Erosion Feature
- 10. Wave cut platform ( The old base of the cliff). Erosion Feature
- 12. Sand Dunes. Depositional Feature
- 13. Beach with groynes (fence like structures to prevent movement of sand). Depositional Feature
- 14. Beach shallow slope and wide. Depositional Feature
- 15. Beach - Sandy and quite steep. Deposition Feature
- 16. Sand and pebble beach with groynes showing how sand has built up against one side of the groyne. Depositional Feature
- 17. Spit - Cape off the east coast of USA. Depositional Feature
- 18. Bar - made of shingle - Chesil Bank, Dorset. Depositional Feature
- 19. Lagoon - off a tropical coast. Depositional Feature
- 20. Salt Marsh. Depositional Feature
- 21. Mud Flats Depositional Feature