Genetic Engineering and the future of Evolutiom
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Genetic engineering will allow humans to direct their own evolution for the first time in history. By arranging the four bases of DNA - A, T, G, C - genetic instructions can be changed, altering organisms. CRISPR is a new, faster, cheaper, and more precise genetic engineering tool that can edit live cells and has reduced the cost of genetic engineering by 99%. If guided with caution, genetic engineering has the potential to cure diseases like HIV and cancer, extend human lifespans by borrowing genes from immortal species, and enhance humans for space travel by engineering plants and stronger bodies. However, there are also risks like the rise of "designer babies", dictators forcing genetic changes, and the creation of super soldiers
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Genetic engineering
Genetic engineering involves the direct manipulation of genes through techniques like gene cloning and transfer. Key tools include restriction enzymes, plasmids, and the creation of DNA libraries which allow genes to be identified and isolated. Techniques like PCR, gel electrophoresis, and blotting allow analysis and study of DNA, RNA, and proteins. Restriction mapping uses restriction enzymes to cut DNA into fragments which can then be used to identify genes and construct maps of DNA sequences.
Transgenic technology
Rishabh Maheshwari presents information on transgenic techniques. Transgenics involve introducing foreign DNA into a host organism's genome, typically using a mouse as the host. This allows for engineering organisms with DNA from another source as part of their genetic material. Common methods to create transgenic animals include DNA microinjection, retrovirus-mediated gene transfer, sperm-mediated gene transfer, and embryonic stem cell-mediated gene transfer. Transgenic technology has applications in disease models, pharmaceutical production, agriculture, and industry. While it has benefits, there are also concerns regarding animal welfare and environmental impacts.
Genetically modified animals
This document provides an overview of genetically modified animals. It begins with an introduction that defines genetically modified animals and notes that most are still in the research stage. It then discusses the process of genetic modification, which involves altering an animal's DNA in a way that does not occur naturally. The document outlines the process of creating genetically modified mammals through gene insertion and screening offspring. It provides examples of genetically modified pigs, cows, goats, mice, sheep, and chickens. The advantages include faster growth, disease resistance, and improved nutrition. Disadvantages include unintended harm, mutations, expense, and complex natural interactions.
Genetic engineering project
A gene is the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity that is responsible for an organism's physical and inheritable characteristics. Genetic engineering involves manipulating or altering the structure of genes to create desired traits in an organism. If genetic material from another species is added, the resulting organism is called transgenic. Genetic engineering can also remove genetic material, creating a knock out organism.
Transgenic organisms
Transgenic organisms are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. Common examples include crop plants modified for traits like herbicide or pest resistance. Genetic material from other species can be inserted into organisms using techniques like microinjection, retroviral vectors, or Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic organisms have applications in producing biological products, testing vaccine and chemical safety, and studying physiology, development, and disease. Regulatory agencies oversee transgenic crops and animals.
Animal biotechnology course
Animal biotechnology is the use of science and engineering to modify living organisms, with the goals of making products, improving animals, and developing microorganisms for agricultural uses. Examples include creating transgenic animals through gene knock out or knock in technology. Round Oak Rag Apple, an influential dairy cow born in 1965, had over 80,000 daughters who produced a total of 53.1 billion kg of milk in 1944, which increased to 84.2 billion kg in 1997 due to genetic improvement through artificial insemination. Common animal biotechnologies include artificial insemination, progesterone monitoring, estrus synchronization, in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer, molecular markers, cryopreservation, semen and embryo sexing, cloning,
Genetically modified Organisms and Foods
This document summarizes information about genetically modified organisms and foods. It discusses:
- The history of genetic engineering beginning in the 1970s with the first recombinant DNA molecule and transgenic animal.
- The multi-stage process of producing GMOs, including identifying genes of interest, creating recombinant DNA, and inserting the DNA into host cells.
- Both the advantages of GMOs, such as increased crop yields and disease resistance, and the disadvantages, which include risks to biodiversity and potential allergic reactions in humans.
- Examples of genetically modified plants, animals, and other applications like producing insulin and vaccines.
- The ongoing controversies around GMOs regarding their ethics, impacts, and whether they should
Genetic engineering
This document discusses the history and process of genetic engineering. It begins by defining genetic engineering as any process that changes genetic material to produce new substances or functions. It then provides background on the discovery of DNA and genes in the 1950s. The document goes on to explain that genetic engineering involves combining DNA from different organisms to create recombinant DNA that can function in a host cell. It describes key techniques and tools used in genetic engineering like vectors, host cells, and enzymes. The document summarizes several important applications of genetic engineering like producing insulin, growth hormones, and treating diseases. It also discusses approaches for gene therapy and the first gene therapy treatment. Finally, the document outlines both potential benefits and ethical concerns of genetic engineering.
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Genetic engineering
Genetic engineering involves the direct manipulation of genes through techniques like gene cloning and transfer. Key tools include restriction enzymes, plasmids, and the creation of DNA libraries which allow genes to be identified and isolated. Techniques like PCR, gel electrophoresis, and blotting allow analysis and study of DNA, RNA, and proteins. Restriction mapping uses restriction enzymes to cut DNA into fragments which can then be used to identify genes and construct maps of DNA sequences.
Transgenic technology
Rishabh Maheshwari presents information on transgenic techniques. Transgenics involve introducing foreign DNA into a host organism's genome, typically using a mouse as the host. This allows for engineering organisms with DNA from another source as part of their genetic material. Common methods to create transgenic animals include DNA microinjection, retrovirus-mediated gene transfer, sperm-mediated gene transfer, and embryonic stem cell-mediated gene transfer. Transgenic technology has applications in disease models, pharmaceutical production, agriculture, and industry. While it has benefits, there are also concerns regarding animal welfare and environmental impacts.
Genetically modified animals
This document provides an overview of genetically modified animals. It begins with an introduction that defines genetically modified animals and notes that most are still in the research stage. It then discusses the process of genetic modification, which involves altering an animal's DNA in a way that does not occur naturally. The document outlines the process of creating genetically modified mammals through gene insertion and screening offspring. It provides examples of genetically modified pigs, cows, goats, mice, sheep, and chickens. The advantages include faster growth, disease resistance, and improved nutrition. Disadvantages include unintended harm, mutations, expense, and complex natural interactions.
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A gene is the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity that is responsible for an organism's physical and inheritable characteristics. Genetic engineering involves manipulating or altering the structure of genes to create desired traits in an organism. If genetic material from another species is added, the resulting organism is called transgenic. Genetic engineering can also remove genetic material, creating a knock out organism.
Transgenic organisms
Transgenic organisms are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. Common examples include crop plants modified for traits like herbicide or pest resistance. Genetic material from other species can be inserted into organisms using techniques like microinjection, retroviral vectors, or Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic organisms have applications in producing biological products, testing vaccine and chemical safety, and studying physiology, development, and disease. Regulatory agencies oversee transgenic crops and animals.
Animal biotechnology course
Animal biotechnology is the use of science and engineering to modify living organisms, with the goals of making products, improving animals, and developing microorganisms for agricultural uses. Examples include creating transgenic animals through gene knock out or knock in technology. Round Oak Rag Apple, an influential dairy cow born in 1965, had over 80,000 daughters who produced a total of 53.1 billion kg of milk in 1944, which increased to 84.2 billion kg in 1997 due to genetic improvement through artificial insemination. Common animal biotechnologies include artificial insemination, progesterone monitoring, estrus synchronization, in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer, molecular markers, cryopreservation, semen and embryo sexing, cloning,
Genetically modified Organisms and Foods
This document summarizes information about genetically modified organisms and foods. It discusses:
- The history of genetic engineering beginning in the 1970s with the first recombinant DNA molecule and transgenic animal.
- The multi-stage process of producing GMOs, including identifying genes of interest, creating recombinant DNA, and inserting the DNA into host cells.
- Both the advantages of GMOs, such as increased crop yields and disease resistance, and the disadvantages, which include risks to biodiversity and potential allergic reactions in humans.
- Examples of genetically modified plants, animals, and other applications like producing insulin and vaccines.
- The ongoing controversies around GMOs regarding their ethics, impacts, and whether they should
Genetic engineering
This document discusses the history and process of genetic engineering. It begins by defining genetic engineering as any process that changes genetic material to produce new substances or functions. It then provides background on the discovery of DNA and genes in the 1950s. The document goes on to explain that genetic engineering involves combining DNA from different organisms to create recombinant DNA that can function in a host cell. It describes key techniques and tools used in genetic engineering like vectors, host cells, and enzymes. The document summarizes several important applications of genetic engineering like producing insulin, growth hormones, and treating diseases. It also discusses approaches for gene therapy and the first gene therapy treatment. Finally, the document outlines both potential benefits and ethical concerns of genetic engineering.
Genetic engineering
Genetic engineering uses biotechnology to directly manipulate an organism's genes. The CRISPR-Cas9 system allows genes to be added, removed, or altered by using the Cas9 enzyme to cut DNA at a targeted location. CRISPR-Cas9 acts as a bacterial immune system and can now be programmed to edit genes in other organisms like crops, animals, and potentially humans. This technology could help end diseases by editing genes, create genetically modified crops with desired traits, and potentially lead to "designer babies" with selected genes. However, genetic engineering also raises ethical concerns and risks unpredictable consequences.
Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineers can alter the DNA of living organisms through techniques like selective breeding, recombinant DNA, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and gel electrophoresis. Selective breeding has been used for thousands of years, while recombinant DNA was first used in the 1970s to combine DNA from different organisms. Genetically modified crops and animals can have benefits like increased disease resistance, higher yields, and the ability to produce human proteins, but they are also controversial. DNA analysis techniques like PCR and gel electrophoresis allow the unique identification of individuals for uses such as criminal investigations.
Transgenesis
Transgenesis is the process of introducing an exogenous gene into an organism to produce a new trait. It allows for more specific, faster, and flexible introduction of traits compared to selective breeding. Golden rice was developed using transgenesis to introduce beta-carotene genes into rice, providing vitamin A. While this could help address vitamin A deficiency, there are also risks like gene transfer and unintended effects that require careful evaluation.
Gene knockout
Gene knockout is a technique used to study gene function by inactivating genes in living organisms. It involves using gene targeting to disrupt a gene, preventing it from functioning normally. Researchers developed methods for knocking out genes in mice using embryonic stem cells, which won them the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The basic process involves engineering a construct to disrupt a target gene, introducing it into embryonic stem cells, generating a knockout mouse, and studying the effects of the disrupted gene. Gene knockout is a valuable tool for biomedical research and understanding disease mechanisms.
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2. Animals are used as models in laboratory experiments to study diseases and potential treatments without endangering humans.
3. Common animal models include living animals, animal tissues, non-living systems, and computer/mathematical models.
4. The document then discusses animal reproduction, development, artificial insemination, embryo transfer, and transgenic animals.
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2. Techniques for genetic engineering like using plasmids, restriction enzymes, and DNA ligase to transfer genes between organisms.
3. Examples of genetically modified crops and animals, and potential benefits and risks of genetic modification.
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2. Biotechnology has 5 main branches - animal, medical, environmental, industrial, and plant. Animal biotech improves livestock through techniques like artificial insemination, cloning, and transgenic animals. Medical biotech develops drugs and treatments.
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The document then reviews fundamental genetics concepts like DNA, genes, genotypes and phenotypes. It explains that genes determine traits and are made of DNA sequences. Genetic engineering methods like gene guns and microinjection are used to insert foreign genes into organisms.
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Genetic engineering involves modifying an organism's genes using technology. It was first achieved in 1973 when Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen inserted antibiotic resistance genes into bacterial DNA. Rudolf Jaenisch then created the first genetically modified animal, a mouse, in 1974. In 1994, the first genetically modified food, a longer-lasting tomato, was approved for sale. More recently, scientists have developed new gene editing tools like CRISPR that allow more precise genetic modifications. While genetic engineering enables benefits like increased food production and disease resistance, it also raises concerns about unintended health and environmental impacts.
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Genetic engineering uses biotechnology to directly manipulate an organism's genes. The CRISPR-Cas9 system allows genes to be added, removed, or altered by using the Cas9 enzyme to cut DNA at a targeted location. CRISPR-Cas9 acts as a bacterial immune system and can now be programmed to edit genes in other organisms like crops, animals, and potentially humans. This technology could help end diseases by editing genes, create genetically modified crops with desired traits, and potentially lead to "designer babies" with selected genes. However, genetic engineering also raises ethical concerns and risks unpredictable consequences.
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The document then reviews fundamental genetics concepts like DNA, genes, genotypes and phenotypes. It explains that genes determine traits and are made of DNA sequences. Genetic engineering methods like gene guns and microinjection are used to insert foreign genes into organisms.
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Genetic diversity is the variation of genes within and between populations of a species. It is important for species survival and adaptability. Loss of genetic diversity reduces a species' ability to adapt to environmental changes and increases risks of inbreeding, which can lead to extinction. Key causes of loss of diversity include habitat loss and degradation, pollution, monocultures in agriculture that replace diverse landraces and varieties, and overexploitation of wild species. Conservation aims to preserve natural patterns of genetic diversity to maintain options for future evolution. Loss of genetic diversity is potentially the most serious environmental problem because it cannot be reversed within just a few generations.
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Evolutionary concepts like natural selection can be applied outside of biology.
1. In agriculture, artificial selection has led to strains of crops and livestock with desirable traits like increased milk yield in cows. Pest resistance has also evolved through natural selection.
2. In medicine, principles of evolution and selection have been used to develop antibiotic resistant bacteria and eliminate cancer cells. Directed molecular evolution has also created new drugs and enzymes.
3. Engineering problems like the traveling salesman problem can be solved using evolutionary algorithms that select optimal solutions through variation and selection, mimicking biological evolution.
G.M FOOD
The document discusses genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and transgenic foods. It begins with definitions of GMOs and transgenic foods as organisms containing DNA from another species. It then provides a brief history of agriculture and genetic modification. It describes how genetic information is stored and how transgenic foods are made by extracting genes and implanting them into other organisms. It notes the first commercial GMO product, outlines current major GM crops, and discusses goals and public risks of transgenic food production.
Xenotransplantation
This document discusses xenotransplantation, which is the transplantation of cells, tissues, or organs from one species to another. It provides a brief history of xenotransplantation experiments dating back to the 17th century. Pigs and primates are commonly used as organ donors due to their similarities to human genetics. While xenotransplantation could help address the shortage of human organs, there are also health risks like transmitting diseases. The document examines specific cases where baboon bone marrow and human tumor cells were transplanted into other species and analyzes the results. It concludes by discussing the future potential of using biotechnology to reduce organ rejection and allow xenotransplantation to meet the growing demand for transplants.
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION
Recombinant DNA technology has had widespread global impacts. It has applications in medicine like producing insulin, vaccines, and cancer treatments. In agriculture, it has led to herbicide and insect resistant crops as well as efforts to engineer nitrogen-fixing plants. It also has uses in animal husbandry such as producing transgenic animals. Additional applications include DNA fingerprinting for forensics, producing monoclonal antibodies, and developing diagnostic tests and gene therapies. While offering benefits, it also raises ethical issues that require ongoing research and regulation.
DORN1
The document discusses the nematode C. elegans as a model organism for studying Alzheimer's disease. Some key points:
- C. elegans is a useful model organism for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's due to its short lifespan, transparency, and genetic similarities to humans.
- Sydney Brenner first introduced C. elegans as a model organism in 1963 due to these advantages.
- About 38% of the C. elegans genome is genetically similar to humans, allowing researchers to study genetic pathways involved in neurodegeneration.
GENETIC ENGINEERING.pptx
Genetic engineering (also called genetic modification) is a process that uses laboratory-based technologies to alter the DNA makeup of an organism
Similar to Genetic Engineering and the future of Evolutiom (20)
More from Richa Khatiwada
Dye reduction test
This document describes the Methylene Blue Reductase Test (MBRT) used to detect bacterial contamination in foods like milk. The test works by adding methylene blue dye to a milk sample and observing how quickly the bacteria in the sample reduce the dye, causing it to change color. The faster the color change, the more bacteria are present and the lower the quality of the milk. Grading scales are provided to assess milk quality based on the time it takes for decolorization. Alternative tests using resazurin dye are also described. The MBRT provides a simple, rapid and inexpensive way to detect bacteria though not all organisms reduce dye equally.
5Rs of waste management
As solid waste is covering the Earth, what can we do minimize it. Ways to reduce our carbon footprint.
Plant Incorporated Protectants(PIPs)
There has been much controversy on genetically modified crops. What exactly is Bacillus thuringenesis and how is it used in crops to produce gmos.
Three parent babies: Everything you need to know
The document discusses mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) techniques for preventing inherited mitochondrial diseases. It describes three techniques - pronuclear transfer, spindle transfer, and polar body transfer. The first baby born using MRT was in Mexico in 2016 via spindle transfer for a mother at risk of passing on Leigh syndrome. The second was in Ukraine in 2017 using pronuclear transfer to help an infertile couple. MRT involves transferring the nuclear DNA from the parents while replacing the mitochondrial DNA with donor DNA to avoid transmission of mitochondrial diseases.
DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION OF CARBOHYDRATES
The document summarizes the process of carbohydrate digestion in humans. It begins with mechanical digestion in the mouth through chewing. Chemical digestion then starts with salivary amylase breaking down some starch in the mouth. In the stomach, further mixing occurs and ptyalin continues breaking down starch, with around 30-40% being digested. The acidic stomach stops further digestion. In the small intestine, pancreatic amylase and intestinal enzymes hydrolyze starches and sugars into monosaccharides like glucose and fructose which are then absorbed into the bloodstream. Certain carbohydrates like cellulose are not digested but provide fiber.
Polygene and its inheritance
This document discusses polygenic inheritance, which is when multiple non-allelic genes contribute to a quantitative trait, rather than a single gene. It provides examples of polygenic traits like human skin color, wheat kernel color, and human height. The document also outlines the history of discoveries around polygenic inheritance and compares characteristics of polygenic vs monogenic inheritance, noting that polygenic traits show continuous variation, environmental influence, and numerous intermediate phenotypes.
Immortalized Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells
The document describes the establishment of immortalized human amniotic epithelial cell (iHAE) lines. HAE cells were extracted from placentas and infected with retroviruses containing HPV16 E6/E7 and hTERT genes to extend their lifespan. The iHAE lines showed extended proliferation ability and expression of stem cell markers. They maintained multipotent differentiation potential as demonstrated by their ability to differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes, neurons, and cardiac cell types. The iHAE cells represent a promising new cell source for applications in regenerative medicine and cell therapy due to their immunosuppressive properties and differentiation potential.
Cellular totipotency in plants
The document discusses totipotency in plant cells. Totipotency refers to the ability of single plant cells to regenerate into a whole plant through cell differentiation and tissue culture techniques. The document outlines various tissue culture systems used to study totipotency, including callus culture, suspension culture, single cell culture, and protoplast culture. Factors that influence a cell's ability to express totipotency, such as the explant source and culture conditions, are also discussed.
Dementia
We have all seen our grandparents or granduncles and grandaunts suffer from dementia. We need to love them and take care of them.
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Recently uploaded
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Shallowest Oil Discovery of Turkiye.pptx
The Petroleum System of the Çukurova Field - the Shallowest Oil Discovery of Türkiye, Adana
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
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8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Evaporation step counter work. I have done a physical experiment.
(Work in progress.)
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsCytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
This presentation covers the content and information on "Cytokines " and their role in immune regulation .
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero WaterTexas Alliance of Groundwater Districts
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
Recently uploaded (20)
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Genetic Engineering and the future of Evolutiom
- 2. Genetic engineering will ensure that human evolution will continue–for better or worse. We will be the first species in history to direct its own evolution.
- 4. Arrangement of A, T, G, C, the four bases of DNA determines everything about an organism. Change the instructions and you change the being carrying it.
- 8. GE TILL NOW In 60s, bombardment of plants with radiation to get useful trait by pure chance. In 70s, insert DNA to cells to modify them for research, medicine, agriculture and for fun. In 1974, the first GM animal, a mice was born. In 80s first patent to microbe engineered to absorb oil was given. The first GM food, Flavr Savr tomato was sold in 1994. In 1990s, three parent babies.
- 9. AT PRESENT
- 12. CRISPR Faster, Cheaper, Easier, Precise tool for genetic engineering. Can edit live cells. Cost of GE reduced by 99%. Experiments taking a year can be done in weeks. Anybody with a lab can do it. It literally has the potential to change humanity forever……
- 13. THE END OF DISEASES Cut out HIV virus from living cells. HIV and other retroviruses like Herpes could be cured. Modify immune cells to be better cancer hunters.
- 14. DESIGNER BABIES Cause genetic modifications in reproductive cells. Gradual but irreversible changes to the human gene pool. It has been attempted twice in China in 2016.
- 15. Better immunity, super muscles, intelligent, perfect eyesight, full hair, height
- 16. CURE AGING 2/3rd of people die today of aging. We could borrow genes from animals immune to aging like Lobster, Planaria.
- 17. We could live for a few thousands years.
- 19. SPACE TRAVEL Humans better equipped for extended space travel, to cope with different conditions on another planet. Plants engineered to grow on Mars.
- 20. DARKER SIDE Dictators forcing gene editing on their subjects. Engineering an army of super soldiers. Thrive for perfection.
- 21. Further research should be guided by caution, reason, oversight and transparency.
- 22. GENETIC ENGINEERING IS GONNA EFFECT YOU, WHATEVER YOUR VIEWS ON IT ARE…. IN FACT IT’S ALREADY THERE CHANGING HUMAN CIVILIZATION FOR GOOD